1、高考对代词的考查主要是在具体、特定语境下灵活运用代词。特别是不定代词 one，the one，ones，the ones 与指示代词 this，that，these，those，it 的用法区别，代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语。解答此类试题需要注意：在解题时一定要明确考点，对比分析，对症下药，尤其是要掌握好容易混淆的代词的辨析。代词在近年高考试题中出现频率很高，每年至少测试一道题。在语法填空中主要考查代词的不同词形的变化，短文改错中主要考查代词的指代一致问题。考点 1：both，all，either，each，every，neither，none 的用法1.both，e
2、ither，neither 用于两者。both 意为“两者都”；either 意为“两者中的任何一个”；neither 意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如：Both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。Either of the t wo boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。2all，none，each，every 用于多者。all 意为“全部都”，指可数的东西时为复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；none 意为“全都不，任何一个都不”，指可数的东西时可为单数或复数，指不可数的
3、东西时为单数；each 和 every 意为“每一个”，为单数，两 者都能作定语用，但each 还可作主语、宾语和同位语。All of the students are there.All(of)the milk is there.Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。Each student may have an e-dictionary./Each of the students has an e-dictionary./The students 考点定位 考向预测 专题三 代词 each have an e-diction
4、ary.每个学生都可有一本电子词典。【典例】Its an either-or situation we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _.Aothers BeitherCanother Dboth【答案】D【解析】句意：这是一种二选一的情况，我们今年要么买一辆新车，要么去度假，但两者不可兼得。空格处表示部分否定，应用 not.both，故选 D。考点 2：复合不定代词的用法由 some，any，no，every 加上-body，-one，-thing 构成的不定代词，叫复合不定代词。1som
5、e 构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句，意为“某人或某物，重要的人或事”。如：Somebody is waiting outside.I have something for you.She thinks shes something since she won the prize.获奖之后，她觉得自己了不起了。2any 构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中，意为“随便某个人或物，无论什么人或物，什么人或物都可以”。如：Does anybody else want to go?There isnt anything in the box.If anyone wants to go o
6、n the trip,register here please!有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如：Anybody can work out that simple maths problem.You can take anything you like.3no 构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如：I know nothing about it.There is nobody here.4every 构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物，每个人或物”。everything 还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如：Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.Sh
7、e does everything to help her mother.Her son is everything to her.对她来说儿子就是一切。【典例】This project requires close teamwork._ will be achieved unless we work well together.ANothing BAnythingCSomething DEverything【答案】A【解析】句意：这个项目需要密切的合作，除非我们通力合作，否则一事无成。根据句意可知此处应用表示否定意义的词语，故选 A。考点 3：the other，other，another，
8、others，the others 的区别the other/otherthe other 可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词表示“另外的”。other 不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义another可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外 another 后可接“基数词/few复数名词”形式，表示“另外的(多少)”others/the othersothers 只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与 some 一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用 the othersHe is will
9、ing to help others/other people.Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing.The other students/The others have not.Some of us like football,and others are fond of basketball.We need another five chairs/five more chairs.【典例】Recycling is one way to protect the environment;reusing is _.Aan
10、other Bthe otherCone another Done【答案】A【解析】句意：回收是保护环境的一种方法；而重复使用是另一种。another 表示“(三者及三者以上的)另一个”；the other 表示“(两者中的)另一个”；one another“相互”；one“一”。考点 4：none，no one，nobody，nothing 的区别none既可指人，也可指物；侧重数量，通常指三者或三者以上的人或物；后可接 of 短语；作主语时谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；常用来回答由how many/much 引导的疑问句How much money do you have?None.no
11、one/nobody只能指人；是泛指概念，常用来回答由 who 引导的疑问句；不与 of 短语连用；作主语时，谓语动词用单数Who is in the room?Nobody./No one.nothing只能指物，且表泛指概念；常用来回答由 what引导的疑问句What are you doing now?Nothing.考点 5：替代词的用法和区别it替代前面提到过的同一个人或者物Have you found your pen?No,I havent found it.one/onesone 用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于 a/an单数名词。其复数形式为 onesI thi
12、nk this book is better than the one I read last time.These shoes are not good enough.Show me some better ones.that/thosethat 用来替代前面出现的同类的名词，是同类替代，但并非同一个，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.相当于 the one。其复数形式为those，相当于 the ones【典例】The traffic
13、on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones.Aone BthisCthat Dit【答案】C【解析】句意：大街上的绿灯比小街上的绿灯亮得时间更长。that 在此处替代前面提到的traffic，以避免重复。one 泛指可数名词单数；this 通常指代下文要提到的事情；it 指代上文出现的同一事物。一、语法填空1.【2017全国卷】However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more th
14、an 25，000 people were using 67._ every day.2.【2016全国新课标 I】On my recent visit,I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _68_(it)mother.3.【2016上海】(B)Do you,for instance,feel that too much is being expected of(37)_,and yet find it impossible to say no?4.【2016四川】By that time,the pan
15、da no longer needed 48 (it)mother for food.5.【2015全国卷 I】A few hours 62._，Id been at home in Hong Kong,with 63._(it)choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.二、短文改错6.【2017全国卷】Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school.7.【2017全国卷】This picture often brings back to me many happy memo
16、ries of your high school days.8.【2016全国新课标 I】Instead,he hopes that our business will grow steady.经典常规题（60 分钟）限时训练 9.【2016全国新课标 II】If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot g et from books.10.【2016全国新课标 III】At the first,I thought I knew everything and could make
17、decisions by yourself.11.【2016四川】When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.12.【2016浙江】Every time he arrived home at end of the day,wed greet her at the door.13.【2015四川】If you are me,would you talk to him?14.【2015新课标全国 II】Five minutes later,Tony saw parents.一、语法填空（湖南省湘潭市一中、长沙一中、师大附中、岳阳
18、市一中、株洲市二中、常德市一中 2017届高三下学期六 校联考）When my daughter was five,she 41 (give)a piano as a birthday present.With great 42 （excite）,she began learning it.43 when she was no longer curious,she become sick of it.When her first teacher left,my friend introduced me 44 an American teacher whose way of teaching w
19、as completely American.After practicing,she would give my daughter some good comments,and then point out 45 should be improved.Every time she came,instead of beginning the lesson right away,she would first play some music.She said,To learn 46 piano,you should learn not only the skills of playing,but
20、 more 47 (important)to feel the music and love it.After some time,my daughter became fond of her lessons.Surprisingly,my daughter said to me one day,Mom,I was lucky that you didnt give up my piano lessons.48 (learn)it is like climbing a mountain.Youll feel 49 (tire)when you are on the way.When you l
21、ook down from where you are,you will realize that you 50 (make)progress.But if you stop,youll never take one more step.”That was the very thing I wanted to teach her.二、短文改错（东北师大附中、哈尔滨师大附中、辽宁省实验中学 2017 届高三下学期第四次联合模拟）高频易错题 I was shopping with my wife and we have plenty of things to buy.We drove to the
22、 centre of the city but stopped our car in front of a shop.An hour later,we came back to the car.But it was strange that we could open the doors.So we asked the policeman for help.He was glad to help us.a few minutes later,he got the door open.Just then a man came up and shouted angry,“What are you
23、doing with my car?”We were surprising and went to see the number of the car.It was not his.We were very embarrassed on that time.What do you think that we did then?We had to speak sorry to the man.一、语法填空（山西省 45 校 2018 届高三第一次联考）Self-confident people are admired _41_others and inspire confidence in ot
24、hers.They know that no matter what difficulties come their way,they have the ability _42_(solve)them.Self-confident people tend to see their lives in a positive light even when things arent going so well,and they are typically _43_(satisfy)with themselves.Wouldnt _44_ be amazing to have this kind of
25、 self-confidence?Guess what?You can.Self-confidence can be learned,practiced and mastered just like any _45_ skills.You can begin by changing your body language.Just the simple act of _46_(pull)your shoulders back gives others the _47_(impress)that you are a confident person.Next,look at the person
26、you are talking to keeping eye contact _48_(show)confidence.Last,speak slowly.Research has proved that those who take time to speak slowly and _49_(clear)feel more self-confident.The added bonus is that they will actually be able to understand _50_ you are saying.二、短文改错（江西省百所名校 2018 届高三第一次联考）Dear fr
27、iends,Welcome to China.Im very pleasing to tell you some arrangement during your stay in Beijing.Our headmaster was to meet you on Monday morning and he will say anything about our 精准预测题 school.We will be shown around the lab building and the library in the afternoon.On Tuesday morning,the students
28、from both countries are to visit at the Forbidden City,about that Mr Zhang will tell some interesting stories.In the evening,we are going to have party in Room 402.Many students will give nice perform at the party.At 9:45 on Wednesday morning,youll leave to Xian by train.I hope youll have a good tim
29、e here.Thank you.参考答案 经典常规题一、语法填空1.【答案】it【解题思路】考查代词。it 指代伦敦地铁。2.【答案】its【解题思路】考查代词。修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词，故填 its。3.【答案】you【解题思路】.考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是 you，所以仍然使用宾格 you 作为介词 of 的宾语。4.【答案】its【解题思路】句意：小熊猫不再需要它妈妈的食物。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填 its。5.【答案】62before/earlier 63its【解题思路】62.考查副词的用法。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里。注意
30、不可以用 ago。63.考查形容词性物主代词。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里，呼吸着令人窒息的烟雾。后面为名词，故用 its。二、短文改错6.【答案】all 改成 both 或去掉 all【解题思路】考查代词的用法。根据语境可知，张家夫妇仅有二人，用 both 指代。7.【答案】your my【解题思路】考查代词。整篇文章都是在说“我”的事情，而且根据前面 me 可知此处还是指“我的”高中生活。8.【答案】our his；stead steadily【解题思路】考查代词。根据句意可知此处是指叔叔的生意，用 his 指代；stead steadily 考查副词。根据句意可知此处 grow 是实意
31、动词，意思是“增长”，不是系动词，故用副词修饰。9.【答案】your 改为 our；knowledges 改为 knowledge【解题思路】考查代词。应该使用 our 与本句的主语 we 保持一致。句意：如果我们出国旅游，我们就拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识；考查名词单复数。本句中名词 knowledge是不可数名 词，没有复数形式。10.【答案】yourselfmyself【解题思路】考查反身代词。句意：我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。这里指作者自己做决定，根据主语 I 可知，应该用 myself，故把 yourself 改为 myself。11.【答案】her-his【解题思路】
32、句意：在爸爸手里。故把 her-his。12.【答案】at 后面加 the；her 改成 him【解题思路】at the end of 为固定搭配，“在结束的时候”；根据上文可知我们每天在门口迎接爸爸。用 him 指代 my father，作 greet 的宾语。故 her 改成 him。13.【答案】himthem【解题思路】考查代词。根据上文可知，作者交了三个朋友，故用 them 而非 him。句意为：你会和他们说吗？14.【答案】saw 后加 his【解题思路】由上下文可知，他看到的是他的父母，故 saw 后加 his。高频易错题一、语法填空【答案】41.was given 42.exc
33、itement 43.However 44.to 45.what 46.the 47.importantly 48.Learning 49.tired 50.have been making【解题思路】本文为记叙文。文章记叙了自己的女儿学习弹钢琴的过程及在学习弹钢琴中所收获的人生感悟。41.考查动词语态。句意：当我女儿五岁的时候，她被给了一架钢琴作为生日礼物。根据句意可知，此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 was given。42.考查词性转换。空前 with 可知，此处应使用名词。故填 excitement。43.考查副词。句意：然而当她不再好奇的时候，她开始讨厌它。根据句意可知，此处应
34、使用转折副词 however。故填 However。44.考查介词搭配。introduce sb.to.sb.“把某人介绍给某人”。故填 to。45.考查名词性从句。此处为 point out 的宾语从句，连词在从句中作主语，指代“应该改进的东西”，应使用代词 what。故填 what。46.考查冠词。此处特指钢琴，应使用定冠词。故填 the。47.考查词性转化。此处修饰不定式 to feel the music and love it，应使用副词形式。故填importantly。48.考查非谓语动词。此处作句子的主语，泛指“学习弹钢琴”，应使用动名词形式。故填Learning。49.考查词性
35、转化。此处指“你会感到疲惫”，-ed 形式的形容词意为“感到”。故填 tired。50.考查动词时态。句意：你将意识到你一直在进步。根据句意可知，此处应使用现在完成进行时，表示从某一时间开始、一直持续到现在，或者可能仍然要继续下去。故填 have been making。二、短文改错【答案】1.havehad2.butand3.could not4.policeman 前的 the 改成 a5.angryangrily6.surprising-surprised7.his-ours8.onat9.think 后的 that 去掉10.speak 改成 say【解题思路】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲
36、述了一对夫妻开车去市中心购物，他们把车停在超市前，等购物完回去开车时，却打不开车门。随后找警察帮忙，却开错车的一件囧事。第一处：“I was shopping with my wife and we have plenty of things to buy.”根据 was 可知此句时态为过去时，由 and 可知前后两句为并列句，因此，后句时态也应为过去时。故将 have改为 had。第 2 处：“We drove to the centre of the city but stopped our car in front of a shop.”我们开车到市中心并把我们的车停在超市前面。连接词
37、and 表示并列，所以前句与后句表示意思上的并列关系。故将 but 改为 and。第三处：“An hour later,we came back to the car.But it was strange that we could open the doors.”一小时后，我们回去开车，但是奇怪的是我们打不开车门。根据意思，可知前后句是转折的意思，所以用否定 could not。还有，根据后边他们寻找警察帮忙，也可知道他们打不开车门。第四处：So we asked the policeman for help.此处的 policeman 警察，是第一次在文中出现，并不是特指。故将 the 改
38、成 a。第五处：Just then a man came up and shouted angry,。副词修饰动词，shouted 是谓语动词，angry 是形容词。所以将 angry 改为 angrily。第六处：“We were surprising and went to see the number of the car.”surprising 表示某事某物使人感到惊讶，surprised 表示人的感受，人感到惊讶。故将 surprising 改为 surprised。第七处：It was not his.分析上下文意思，我们打不开车门和最后我们像那个男人道歉，可知这辆车不是我们的车。
39、故将 his 改为 ours。第八处：“We were very embarrassed on that time.”我们在那时十分尴尬。此处考查了 time 的短语应用，“在那时”应为 at that time。故将 on 改为 at。.第九处：“What do you think that we did then?”，分析句子，do you think 是插入语，不做句子成分。What we did then 接下来我们做什么，主谓宾都有，that 多余，所以去掉 that。10 第十处：“We had to speak sorry to the man.”我们必须给那个人道歉。speak
40、 后面跟宾语做及物动词时,宾语一般是某种语言.如:speak English.speak 本身是强调说话的方式.speak 常用speak to sb。而 say 后加的宾语是说话的内容,say 强调说话的内容.精准预测题一、语法填空【答案】41.by 42.to solve 43.satisfied 44.it 45.other 46.pulling 47.impression 48.shows 49.clearly 50.what【解题思路】文章主要讲述了自信的人受到人们敬佩。通过肢体语言以及说话的语速可以给人以自信。41.考查介词。句意：自信的人是受人敬仰的。在被动语态中，由敬佩，使用介
41、词 by。根据题意，故填 by。42.考查动词不定式作定语。句意：他们知道无论遇到什么困难，他们都有能力解决。动词不定式作定语修饰名词 ability，解决问题的能力。根据题意，故填 to solve。43.考查形容词。句意：他们通常也会对自己感到满意。be satisfied with 对满意。根据题意，故填 satisfied。44.考查代词。句意：这种自信是不是让人很惊奇。it 做形式主语，动词不定式 to have this kind of self-confidence 做真正主语。根据题意，故填 it。45.考查不定代词。句意：自信是可以学习，练习并且掌握的，就像其他的技能一样。a
42、ny other任何其他的。根据题意，故填 other。46.考查动名词。句意：简单的把肩膀往后拉的动作给别人的印象就是你是一个自信的人。介词 of 后应使用动名词。根据题意，故填 pulling。47.考查名词。句意：简单的把肩膀往后拉的动作给别人的印象就是你是一个自信的人。同位语从句“that you are a confident person”为名词 impression 解释内容。根据题意，故填impression。48.考查谓语动词。句意：与你说话的人保持目光接触这表现了自信。动名词做主语谓语动词应使用单数形式。根据题意，故填 shows。49.考查副词。句意：研究表明说话缓慢并且
43、清楚的人更加有自信。副词修饰动词 speak。根据题意，故填 clearly。50.考查宾语从句。句意：额外的好处是，他们会明白你在说什么。understand 后引导宾语从句，what 在从句中做宾语。根据题意，故填 what。二、短文改错【答案】1.pleasing 改为 pleased.2.arrangement 改为 arrangements.3.was 改为 is.4.anything 改为 something.5.We 改为 You.6.删除 at7.that 改为 which.8.party 前加上 a.9.perform 改为 performances.10.to 改为 for
44、.【解题思路】这篇短文是写给来北京参观的学生们的，介绍他们来北京的安排。1.本句主语是 I，指人，应该用 pleased 修饰人，pleasing 修饰事物。故把 pleasing 改为 pleased.2.arrangement 是可数名词，前面有 some 修饰，显然应该用复数。故把 arrangement 改为arrangements.3.短文介绍将来的事情，应该用 be to do 表示按照安排将要发生的事，主语是单数名词，be应该用 is.故把 was 改为 is.4.该句表示“关于我们学校的一些事”，应该用 something 表示一些事。anything 表示任何事，不合适。故把
45、 anything 改为 something.5.根据句意“你们将被带领参观实验大楼和图书馆”可知，该句的人称出错，应该用 you，放于句首，首字母大写。故把 We 改为 You.6.visit 是及物动词，后面的介词多余。故删除 at.7.逗号之后是非限制性定语从句，不用 that 引导；当介词+关系代词引导定语从句时关系代词也不用 that，此处先行词是 the Forbidden City，事物，关系代词用 which.故把 that 改为 which.8.party 是可数单数名词，前面要加冠词，此处是泛指应不定冠词 a.故加上 a.9.此处表示精彩的节目，应该用名词“节目”的复数 performances.故把 perform 改为performances.10.因为上文提到在北京的参观，故此处表示出发去西安。leave for 出发去。故把 to 改为 for.
