1、山东省师范大学附属中学2020届高三英语打靶题（含解析）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThe following properties which the World Her
2、itage Committee （世界遗产委员会）has decided to include on the List of World Heritage are under threat.Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley （Afghanistan）The cultural landscape and archaeological remains of the Bamiyan Valley stand for the artistic and religious developments wh
3、ich from the 1st to the 13th centuries characterized ancient Bakhtria. The area contains a number of Buddhist monastic ensembles, as well as strong buildings from the Islamic period.Historic Centre of Vienna （Austria）Vienna developed from early Celtic and Roman settlements into a Medieval and Baroqu
4、e city, the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It played an important role as a leading European music centre, from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural buildings, including Baroque castles and ga
5、rdens, as well as the late-19th-century Ringstrasse lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks.Okapi Wildlife Reserve （Democratic Republic of the Congo）The Okapi Wildlife Reserve occupies about one-fifth of the Ituri forest in the north-east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Congo ri
6、ver basin, of which the reserve and forest are a part, is one of the largest drainage systems in Africa. The reserve contains threatened species of primates and birds surviving in the wild. It also has some amazing scenery, including waterfalls on the Ituri and Epulu rivers. The reserve is inhabited
7、 by traditional nomadic pygmy Mbuti and Efe hunters.1. Which of the following heritage sites is located in Asia?A. Okapi Wildlife ReserveB. Historic Centre of Vienna.C. The Austro-Hungarian Empire.D. Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley.2. Who may get interested in His
8、toric Centre of Vienna?A. Music composers.B. Birds researchers.C. Modem building lovers.D. Natural Scenery Photographer.3. What do the three world heritage sites have in common?A. They are all in danger.B. They are closed to the public.C. They feature lots of ancient buildings.D. They are to be remo
9、ved from the World Heritage List.【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A【解析】本文为应用文。主要介绍了三个处于危险之中的世界遗产。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一个小标题里的Afghanistan(阿富汗)可知，Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley是位于阿富汗的世界遗产，根据常识可知，阿富汗是亚洲国家。我们也可以用排除法A项Okapi Wildlife Reserve，原文中The Congo river basin, of which the reserve an
10、d forest are a part, is one of the largest drainage systems in Africa.我们可知是位于非洲，可以排除。B项通过It played an important role as a leading European music centre可知是在欧洲，可以排除。C项Vienna developed from early Celtic and Roman settlements into a Medieval and Baroque city, the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire我们
11、也可以推断出是在欧洲，可以排除。故此题选D。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第二个小标题下It played an important role as a leading European music centre(作为欧洲领先的音乐中心，维也纳发挥了重要作用)我们可以推断出维也纳在欧洲音乐史上十分重要，所以对于喜爱音乐的人来说会非常有吸引力。那么A项Music composers(音乐作曲家)满足这一推断。故此题选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一自然段The following properties which the World Heritage Committee has decid
12、ed to include on the List of World Heritage are under threat.(世界遗产委员会决定将其列入世界遗产名单的下列遗产正处于威胁之中)可知，本文所介绍的三个世界遗产都处于危险当中。那么A项They are all in danger.(他们都处于危险中)满足推断。故此题选A。BThe cloud war is taking place as the dispute between the United States and China about data hacking and computer network security grow
13、s stronger. Chinese companies such as Alibaba, Baidu and Huawei are expanding within their country and gaining customers in other countries. They are creating data centers in multiple countries and trying to sell data management services throughout the world.The increasing competition in cloud compu
14、ting and storage incurs the new challenge and worries some experts. They are concerned about the safety of data. After all, companies often use the cloud to store important, confidential information and to operate such activities as data-driven machinery, telecommunications, banking and transport sy
15、stems including plans for driverless vehicles.Lee Branstetter is an associate professor of economics at the Heinz School of Policy and Management of the Carnegie Mellon University. He told many multi-national companies have serious concerns about the protection of their intellectual property （知识产权）.
16、Branstetter said some of these large companies already believe they have lost valuable information.Sheila Jasanoff is the director of the program on science, technology and society at Harvards Kennedy School. She called the cloud computing industry unruly. In other words, the industry is not strictl
17、y governed.People （in the business） are making rules as they go along or taking advantage of the lack of rules, Jasanoff said. She said cloud computing companies are not clear about what security measures they are promising customers. She is worried that a major accident may happen before government
18、s realize the need for stronger rules in the cloud computing industry. She believes there should be internationally-accepted rules to meet the new challenge. But she does not believe an international agreement will be reached anytime soon.4. What does the cloud war refer to?A. The war up in the sky.
19、B. Some kind of cold war.C. The China-US relationship.D. The competition on the cloud.5. What concerns some experts according to Paragraph 2?A Information security.B. Wars among countries.C The storage of “cloud”.D. The lack of technology.6. Which of the following may be consistent with Jasanoffs op
20、inion?A. A major accident is bound to take place soon.B. An agreement is to be reached in the near future.C. The cloud industry needs guiding and monitoring.D. Governments have kept an eye on cloud industry.7. What is the best title for the text?A. Chinas Rise or NotB. New War, New ChallengeC. Chanc
21、es on Cloud InformationD. Growth of Cloud Computing Industry【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过讲述中美之间关于网络安全和黑客间的争端提出了我们在云计算领域面对的挑战【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第一段as the dispute between the United States and China about data hacking and computer network security grows stronger（随着美国和中国之间关于数据黑客和计算机网络安全的争论越来越激
22、烈）可知，此处的cloud war是中美之间关于数据黑客和计算机网络安全之间的争论，并非真正的战争。同时在文章第二段提到The increasing competition in cloud computing and storage incurs the new challenge and worries some experts（云计算和存储领域日益激烈的竞争带来了新的挑战）可知，中美之间的战争是关于“云计算和储存领域”。综合分析，故选D项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段The increasing competition in cloud computing and storag
23、e incurs the new challenge and worries some experts. They are concerned about the safety of data（云计算和存储领域的竞争日益激烈，这给一些专家带来了新的挑战。他们担心数据的安全）可知，专家们担心的是数据安全即信息安全。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段She called the cloud computing industry unruly. In other words, the industry is not strictly governed（她称云计算行业“难以驾驭”。换
24、句话说，这个行业没有得到严格的管理）和文章倒数最后一段She believes there should be internationally-accepted rules to meet the new challenge（她认为应该有国际公认的规则来应对新的挑战）可知，Jasanoff认为云计算行业需要得到严格的管理和制定规则来指导。故选C项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据作者在文章第一段提到The cloud war is taking place as the dispute between the United States and China about data hacking a
25、nd computer network security grows stronger（“云战争”正在发生之际，美国和中国之间关于数据黑客和计算机网络安全的争端愈演愈烈）和第二段第一句The increasing competition in cloud computing and storage incurs the new challenge and worries some experts（云计算和存储领域的竞争日益激烈，这给一些专家带来了新的挑战）可知，中美之间在数据黑客和计算机网络安全日益激烈的争端给一些专家带来了新的挑战。同时在根据文章倒数第二段She called the clo
26、ud computing industry unruly. In other words, the industry is not strictly governed（称云计算行业“难以驾驭”。换句话说，这个行业没有得到严格的管理）和文章倒数最后一段She believes there should be internationally-accepted rules to meet the new challenge（她认为应该有国际公认的规则来应对新的挑战）可知，云计算行业需要制定规则监督和指导。经过综合分析，本篇主要通过讲述中美之间的争端，提出了我们在云计算领域面对的挑战。故选B项。CRe
27、cent years have witnessed the growth of luxury(奢侈品) brands. Its clear that a new generation of young, materialistic people is increasingly relying on luxury brands to improve its self-image.I am a fashionista too, at least in spirit I love to look at clothes and shoes. But I dont understand why peop
28、le spend lots of money on designer labels. When a young woman buys a handbag that costs two months of her salary, thats a scary thing.Whats interesting is that scientists have found that having luxury things doesnt lead to happiness.Study after study has shown that although we want material things,
29、when we get them we dont suddenly become happy people. In fact, a series of studies have shown that individuals who spend money on travel and similar experiences get more pleasure than those on material things. Thats because experiences are more easily integrated into a persons identity. If I travel
30、 to Yunnan, that adventure affects how I think in the future. My memories become a part of me. Moreover, as Van Boven has observed, young people who pursue happiness through “things are liked less by their peers. People prefer those who pursue happiness through experiences.Its natural to want to exp
31、ress yourself through your appearance. So my advice is: create a look that isnt tied to a designer label. Convey your own message. Take some lessons from the late Apple co-founder Steve Jobs. He was always in Levis jeans and a black turtleneck. Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, routinely appears
32、 in hoodies and sneakers. These people, successful people, have style.You dont have to break the bank to send a message about who you are. Take a trip. Go out into the world. Then come back and confidently create your own signature look.8. Whats the authors attitude towards luxury consumption?A. Fav
33、orable.B. Negative.C. Positive.D. Unconcerned.9. Whats the main idea of the fourth paragraph?A. Material things cant bring about joy.B. Experiences sink into personality.C. Its better to invest in experiences.D. Others preference is of importance.10. Why are Steve Jobs and Mark Zuckerberg mentioned
34、in the text?A. To honor the two successes.B. To advocate their experience.C. To support the authors argument.D. To inspire young peoples ambition.11. What is the underlined sentence intended to express?A. Do mind your financial security.B. Do try to make more money.C. Dont rob a bank for luxuries.D.
35、 Dont spend much on your image【答案】8. B 9. C 10. C 11. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了科学家发现拥有奢侈品并不能带来幸福。一项又一项研究表明，尽管我们想要物质上的东西，但当我们得到它们时，我们不会突然变得“快乐”。事实上，一系列的研究表明，那些把钱花在旅行和类似经历上的人比那些花在物质上的人获得更多的快乐。作者对通过外表来表达自己的人的建议是：创造一个不受设计师标签束缚的外观。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中But I dont understand why people spend lots of money on designe
36、r labels. When a young woman buys a handbag that costs two months of her salary, thats a scary thing.可知但是我不明白为什么人们会花很多钱在名牌上。一个年轻女人花了她两个月的工资买了一个手提包，这是一件可怕的事情。由此可推知，作者不支持奢侈品消费。故选B。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段中In fact, a series of studies have shown that individuals who spend money on travel and similar experienc
37、es get more pleasure than those on material things. Thats because experiences are more easily integrated into a persons identity. If I travel to Yunnan, that adventure affects how I think in the future. My memories become a part of me. Moreover, as Van Boven has observed, young people who pursue hap
38、piness through “things are liked less by their peers. People prefer those who pursue happiness through experiences.可知事实上，一系列的研究表明，那些把钱花在旅行和类似经历上的人比那些花在物质上的人获得更多的快乐。这是因为经历更容易融入一个人的身份。如果我去云南旅行，这次冒险会影响我对未来的想法。我的记忆成为我的一部分。此外，正如Van Boven所观察到的，通过“事物”来追求幸福的年轻人不太受同龄人的喜爱。人们更喜欢那些通过经历来追求幸福的人。由此可知，第四段的主旨是最好是投资经
39、验。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中Its natural to want to express yourself through your appearance. So my advice is: create a look that isnt tied to a designer label. Convey your own message. Take some lessons from the late Apple co-founder Steve Jobs. He was always in Levis jeans and a black turtleneck. Mark
40、 Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, routinely appears in hoodies and sneakers.可知想通过外表来表达自己是很自然的。所以我的建议是:创造一个不受设计师标签束缚的外观。传达你自己的信息。从已故的苹果联合创始人Steve Jobs身上吸取一些教训吧。他总是穿着李维斯牛仔裤和黑色高领毛衣。Facebook创始人Mark Zuckerberg经常穿着帽衫和运动鞋亮相。由此可推知，文章中提到Steve Jobs和Mark Zuckerberg是为了支持作者的论点。故选C。【11题详解】句意猜测题。根据第二段中When a young
41、 woman buys a handbag that costs two months of her salary, thats a scary thing.可知一个年轻女人花了她两个月的工资买了一个手提包，这是一件可怕的事情。以及结合后文Take a trip. Go out into the world. Then come back and confidently create your own signature look.可知去旅行吧。到外面的世界去。然后再回来，自信地打造你自己的标志性造型。结合文章主要内容是在强调不要太在意自己的形象，拥有奢侈品并不能带来幸福，强调要多去经历才能获
42、得更多的快乐。由此可推知，划线句子的意思是“不要在你的形象上花费太多”。故选D。DMore than 40% of the insects around us could become extinct in next few decades. Simultaneously, the population of the adaptable and general species like that of houseflies, cockroaches and fleas is likely to bloom.Although some species of insects are vectors
43、 (带菌者)of serious diseases, or others destroy crop, but a world without insects is inconceivable. Their importance in interconnected ecosystems and food chains can never be undermined. Insects have essential roles in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems as herbivores, carnivores and decomposers.Ther
44、e are 17 times as many insects as humans, and these numbers are essential for proper functioning of all ecosystems. Insects are responsible for pollinating around 75% of the crops in the world and also serve as food for other creatures. They replenish soils and keep the number of pests in check.The
45、primary cause of this extinction is loss of habitat. Be it the grasslands or wetlands, everything is vanishing in mans quest towards intensive agriculture and urbanization.Another cause of this decline is the excessive use of pesticides, fertilizers and introduced invasive species. As if this wasnt
46、enough, climate change and pollution of all sorts have already started worsening their lives. Climate change may also cause emergence of new pests and other vector-borne insects.The biggest threat of Insect Armageddon comes from Germany, where 75% of insect population have declined in just 30 years
47、and from Puerto Rico, where due to 2 degree rise in temperature, there has been 60 fold decline in invertebrate (无脊椎的)population since the 1970s.However, the fact that insects getting extinct is a global crisis is undisputed. But the neat thing about insects is, we all can do our bit to save them. W
48、e all can maintain pesticide-free kitchen gardens and organic farms. We can plant flowers and trees and invite them to nest again.Maybe this tragedy would have never arisen in the first place and you would not have to read this article, if the world had stopped using all kinds of pesticides immediat
49、ely after Rachel Carson had published the Silent Spring. Conserving the insect biodiversity is not our responsibility. It is a necessity because if they go, so will we.12. Why cant we stand a world without insects?A. For their parts in global ecology.B. For their longer history than humans.C. For th
50、eir shockingly large population.D. For the appearance of new insect species.13. What does the underlined word undisputed in Paragraph 7 mean?A. Possible.B. DoubtlessC. ExactD. Flexible.14. Which of the following may best explain the extinction of insect species?A. Climate change.B. Human activities.
51、C. The abuse of chemicals.D. The agriculture.15. What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. Calling on us to do something to save insects.B. Introducing the urgent situation insects are facing.C. Presenting us ways to handle the global crises.D. Treating differently beneficial and harmful in
52、sects.【答案】12. A 13. B 14. B 15. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。昆虫在生态系统和食物链中扮演着重要角色，但是超过40%的昆虫在未来几十年可能灭绝，文章分析了其原因并呼吁我们保护昆虫物种。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Their importance in interconnected ecosystems and food chains can never be undermined.(它们在互联生态系统和食物链中的作用不能被低估。)”可知，昆虫在全球生态中扮演重要的角色，所以我们无法承受一个没有昆虫的世界。故选A项。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据第七段第二
53、句“但是关于昆虫的一个好事是，我们可以尽我们的一点力量来挽救它们”，由此可推知前一句“However, the fact that insects getting extinct is a global crisis is undisputed.”的意思是“然而，昆虫正在灭绝的事实是毫无疑问的”，所以“undisputed”的意思是“无疑的，确实的”。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“The primary cause of this extinction is loss of habitat. Be it the grasslands or wetlands, everythi
54、ng is vanishing in mans quest towards intensive agriculture and urbanization.(灭绝的首要原因是栖息地的丧失。无论是草地或湿地，一切都在人类对集约型农业和城市化的探索中正在消失。)”可知，昆虫物种的灭绝是由于人类活动。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。通读全文内容并结合文章最后一句“Conserving the insect biodiversity is not our responsibility. It is a necessity because if they go, so will we.(保护昆虫生物多
55、样性不是我们的责任。它是一件必须要做的事，因为如果它们不在了，我也会一样。)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁我们为挽救昆虫尽一点力量。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。A little battery puts out a little bit of electricity, so you can use it safely for your experiments. But the electricity that comes through the wires in your
56、 house or school is much more powerful. _16_ .Inside the walls where you live or study, there are big wires that carry electricity. When you plug in a light or radio or other electrical appliance, you are putting the light or radio in the path way of the electricity. You have heard adults warn, “ _1
57、7_， Now do you know why? If you did, you would become part of the electrical path way._18_ The electrical current coming through the wires to the wall plug is so strong that it would hurt a lot if you stuck your finger in the plug. Put your finger in there and it could be you, rather than the light
58、bulb, that becomes part of the electrical path way. And that would hurt!What if you held a piece of metal, like a fork or knife, and stuck it into the wall plug? Dont do it. Why? Its because metals also conduct electricity. _19_Dont touch any electrical appliance when you are wet. Can you think why?
59、 Its because water is a good conductor of electricity. When your hands are wet or when your body is in a bathtub full of water, the electricity could flow right through you and give you an awful shock, or even kill you.Electricity is very useful but it can be dangerous. _20_If so, electricity can be
60、tter serve you, instead of hurting you.A. Life is precious!B. So stay away from wires.C. Be careful, be safe and be smart.D. And you would get a terrible shock!E. Dont stick your finger into the wall plug.F. Therefore, keep in mind some safety rules.G. Your body is a pretty good conductor of electri
61、city.【答案】16. F 17. E 18. G 19. D 20. C【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了电在日常生活中会对人造成危害的几个情况及其原因。【16题详解】结合前文A little battery puts out a little bit of electricity, so you can use it safely for your experiments. But the electricity that comes through the wires in your house or school is much more powerful. 一个小电池会放出一点点
62、电，所以你可以安全地使用它来进行实验。但是通过家里或学校里的电线的电可能要强大得多。可知，家里的电路使用需要安全操作。F. Therefore, keep in mind some safety rules. 因此，请记住一些安全规则。符合此处语境。故选F项。【17题详解】结合前文When you plug in a light or radio or other electrical appliance, you are putting the light or radio in the path way of the electricity. 当你插上电灯、收音机或其他电器时，就是在把电灯
63、或收音机插在电路上。及后文Now do you know why? If you did, you would become part of the electrical path way. 你知道为什么吗？如果你这样做了，你就会成为电路的一部分。可知，如果插入插座孔，就会成为电路的一部分。E. Dont stick your finger into the wall plug. 别把你的手指伸进墙上的插头。符合此处语境。故选E项。【18题详解】结合后文Put your finger in there and it could be you, rather than the light bul
64、b, that becomes part of the electrical path way. 把你的手指放在那里，可能是你，而不是灯泡，成为电路的一部分。G. Your body is a pretty good conductor of electricity. 你的身体是很好的导电体。符合此处描述，身体和灯泡一样都是很好的导电体。故选G项。【19题详解】结合前文The electrical current coming through the wires to the wall plug is so strong that it would hurt a lot电流通过电线传到墙上的插
65、头，如果你把手指插在插头上会很疼。及前文Its because metals also conduct electricity. 因为金属也导电。可知，金属和人体一样也会导电，电击会使人感到疼痛。如果将叉子插入插座孔，人也会受到电击。.D. And you would get a terrible shock! 你会受到可怕的电击！故选D项。【20题详解】结合后文If so, electricity can better serve you, instead of hurting you. 如果是这样的话，电可以更好地为你服务，而不是伤害你。C. Be careful, be safe and
66、 be smart. 小心，安全，聪明。提示安全用电的诀窍。故选C项。第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。What is a true winner? We may be very _21_of Honda Motors.In 1938, Soichiro Honda was still in school, when he started a little workshop. His plan was to sell piston rings （活塞环）to Toy
67、ota. He _22_ night and day, believing he could _23_ his design and produce a worthy product. Then, came the day he took a sample to Toyota, _24_ to be told that the rings did not _25_ their standards!However, he refused to give up. _26_ focus on his failure, he continued working towards his goal. Af
68、ter two more years of _27_, he won a contract with Toyota. By then, Soichiro Honda needed to build a factory to supply Toyota, but building materials were in short supply.Again he would not _28_! He invented a _29_ process that enabled him to build the factory. But _30_ , an earthquake destroyed the
69、 factory.Was he _31_ to give up now? No! Soichiro Honda wrote to 18, 000 bicycles shop owners and asked them to help him. 5, 000 responded and _32_ him what little money they could to build his tiny bicycle engines. _33_ gradually the company got great success.Honda succeeded because one man made a
70、truly committed decision, _34_ it, and made adjustments _35_ a continuous basis.21. A. enviousB. familiarC. awareD. fond22. A. thoughtB. prayedC. sleptD. labored23. A. perfectB. startC. winD. admire24. A. onlyB. stillC. evenD. simply25. A. meetB. improveC. updateD. apply26. A. In order toB. Or elseC
71、. Other thanD. Rather than27. A. silenceB. explanationC. serviceD. struggle28. A. agreeB. sufferC. quitD. return29. A. abnormalB. specialC. responsibleD. specific30. A. eventuallyB. unfortunatelyC. surprisinglyD. definitely31. A. unwillingB. honestC. readyD. hopeful32. A. beggedB. promotedC. refused
72、D. advanced33. A. OrB. OtherwiseC. AndD. Yet34. A. thought aboutB. acted onC. reflected onD. joined in35. A. onB. inC. atD. with【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述本田宗一郎如何遇到困难绝不放弃，努力克服重重困难最终获得成功。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们可能对本田宗一郎
73、是非常熟悉的。A. envious 羡慕的；B. familiar 熟悉的；C. aware 意识到的；D. fond 喜爱的。由前一句“What is a true winner?”可知，什么是真正的获胜者？由此可见，本句是对前一句“什么是真正的获胜者”的回答，表达的是一种获胜者是谁的语境。选项familiar，熟悉的，符合语境。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他日夜工作，相信他能使他的设计完美，而且生产出一个有价值的产品。A. thought 认为；B. prayed 祈祷；C. slept 睡觉；D. labored 劳动，工作。由本句中的“believing he cou
74、ld _3_ his design and produce a worthy product.”可知，他相信他能使他的设计变得完美，并且生产出一个有价值的产品。由此可见，要使设计完美和生产出一个有价值的产品，需要他日夜的劳作。选项D. labored 劳动，工作，符合语境。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他日夜工作，相信他能使他的设计完美，而且生产出一个有价值的产品。A. perfect 使完美；B. start 开始；C. win 获胜；D. admire 钦佩。由本句中的and可知，and的后半部分“ produce a worthy product.”表示的是生产一个有价值
75、的产品和前半部分“_3_ his design”是并列关系。由此可见，“_3_ his design”应该表示的也是一种好的语境。选项A. perfect 使完美，符合语境。故选A。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，他带着样品去丰田的这天到来了，却被告知这个活塞环不符合他们的标准！A. only 却，不料；B. still 仍然；C. even 甚至；D. simply 简单地。由前一句“He _2_ night and day, believing he could _3_ his design and produce a worthy product.”和本句的后半部分“the
76、rings did not _5_ their standards!”可知，他日夜工作，相信他能使他的设计完美，而且生产出一个有价值的产品。这个活塞环不符合他们的标准。这个超出他的意料。only to do 表示出乎意料的结果。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他带着样品去丰田的这天到来了，却被告知这个活塞环不符合他们的标准！A. meet 符合，满足；B. improve 提高；C. update 更新；D. apply 申请，应用。由第三段的第一句“However, he refused to give up.”中的however可知，本句和“Then, came the
77、 day he took a sample to Toyota, _4_ to be told that the rings did not _5_ their standards!”之间是转折关系。“However, he refused to give up.”表达的是“但是他拒绝放弃”。由此可见，“the rings did not _5_ their standards!”应该表达的是一种失败的语境，即这个活塞环是不符合他们标准的。选项A. meet 符合，满足，符合语境。故选A。【26题详解】考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：他继续努力向他的目标前进而不是专注在他的失败上。A. In or
78、der to 为了; B. Or else 否则，要不然；C. Other than 除了，不同于；D. Rather than 而不是。分析本句可知，“努力向他的目标前进”和“专注在他的失败”之间是对比关系。选项D. rather than 而不是，表达的是对比关系，符合语境。故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：两年多的奋斗努力之后，他获得了丰田的合同。A. silence 沉默；B. explanation 解释；C. service 服务；D. struggle 奋斗。由前一句“_6_ focus on his failure, he continued working tow
79、ards his goal.”可知，他继续努力向他的目标前进而不是专注在他的失败上。由此可见，他继续的努力最终为他赢得了合同。选项D. struggle 奋斗，和前一句的“working”相呼应，符合语境。故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：再次他不想放弃！A. agree 同意；B. suffer 遭受；C. quit 放弃；D. return 返回。由第三段的第一句“However, he refused to give up.”可知，但是他拒绝放弃。由此可见，他再次不会放弃。选项C. quit 放弃，和第三段的第一句中的“give up”相呼应，符合语境。故选C。【29题详解】
80、考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他发明了一个能让他建造这个工厂的特殊流程。A. abnormal 异常的；B. special 特殊的；C. responsible 负责的；D. specific 特定的。由第三段的最后一句“By then, Soichiro Honda needed to build a factory to supply Toyota, but building materials were in short supply.”可知，到那时，本田宗一郎需要建一个工厂去给丰田供给，但是建造材料供应不足。由此可见，本田宗一郎在建造工厂时遇到了材料不足的问题，针对这个问题，他发明特殊的
81、流程去建造工厂。选项B. special 特殊的，符合语境。故选B。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是不幸的是，一场地震摧毁了这个工厂。A. eventually 最后；B. unfortunately 不幸地；C. surprisingly 惊人地；D. definitely 一定地。由本句的后半部分“an earthquake destroyed the factory”表示的是一场地震摧毁了这个工厂。这是一个不幸的事情。选项B. unfortunately 不幸地，符合语境。故选B。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他现在准备放弃吗？A. unwilling 不情愿的；B.
82、 honest 诚实的；C. ready 准备好的；D. hopeful 有希望的。由第三段的第一句“However, he refused to give up.”可知，但是，他拒绝放弃。由此可见，本句也是在表达他不想放弃的语境。选项C. ready 准备好的，符合语境。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有5,000名店主给他答复，给他预付了他们能给的那点钱去建造他的小型自行车引擎。A. begged 恳求；B. promoted 促进；C. refused 拒绝；D. advanced 预付。由后一句“_13_ gradually the company got great s
83、uccess.”可知，渐渐地这个公司获得巨大的成功。由此可见，本田宗一郎获得了5,000店主的微薄资助。选项D. advanced 预付，符合语境。故选D。【33题详解】考查连词辨析。句意：并且渐渐地这个公司获得巨大的成功。A. Or 或者；B. Otherwise 其他；C. And 并且，和；D. Yet 但是。分析本句可知，“gradually the company got great success.”表达的是“渐渐地这个公司获得巨大的成功”，和前一句“5, 000 responded and _12_ him what little money they could to buil
84、d his tiny bicycle engines.”表达的“有5,000名店主给他答复，给他预付了他们能给的那点钱去建造他的小型自行车引擎。”，两者之间是并列关系。选项C. And 并且，和，表达的是并列关系，符合语境。故选C。【34题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：因为一个人做出了一个真实而又坚定的决定，然后付诸行动，并且在持续的基础上做出调整，所以本田成功了。A. thought about 考虑；B. acted on 行动；C. reflected on 反省，回想；D. joined in 加入。由第二段第二句“His plan was to sell piston rings （
85、活塞环）to Toyota.”和第三句“He _2_ night and day, believing he could _3_ his design and produce a worthy product.”表达的是他的计划是卖活塞环给丰田。他日夜工作，相信他能使他的设计完美，而且生产出一个有价值的产品。由此可见，本田做出决定，就会实际行动起来。选项B. acted on 行动，符合语境。故选B。【35题详解】考查介词辨析。句意：因为一个人做出了一个真实而又坚定的决定，然后付诸行动，并且在持续努力的基础上做出调整，所以本田成功了。A. on 关于，在之上；B. in 在之中；C. at 在
86、，处于状态；D. with 和，用。分析本句句意可知，on basis是固定搭配，表达的是在基础之上。表示在持续努力的基础上做出调整，所以本田成功了。故选A。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。If you come across an 85-year-old woman walking slowly with a walker in the Childrens Hospital of Soochow University, dont take her _36_ a patient. Instead she is a
87、doctor, _37_ still insists on working in the hospital.Sheng Jinyun, born in 1935, a famous expert in pediatric asthma (儿科哮喘)，_38_ (treat) about 30,000 patients suffering asthma so far. She is known as the _39_ (much) beautiful grandma doctor by others. However, she still sees 40 patients every day.
88、Sheng has always stuck to her post though she had two bones _40_ (break) in a fall a month ago.So now she can only walk with the help of a walker. Others dont understand her. In their eyes, she _41_ (expect) to live a peaceful life in this old age. But she wants to cure more _42_(child).One of Sheng
89、s most _43_ (impress) experiences happened in her 50s. She saw 146 patients from 7:45 am to 9:45 pm that day, eating nothing except some milk. Though _44_ (award) the lifelong achievement physician in pediatrics, Sheng seems not proud at all. She said it was her goal to be a diligent person _45_ goo
90、d doctor.【答案】36. as/for 37. who 38. has treated 39. most 40. broken 41. is expected 42. children 43. impressive 44. awarded 45. and【解析】这是一篇人记叙文。文章介绍著名儿科专家盛锦云不辞辛劳为人民看病的一生。【36题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：不要把她误认为一个病人。take sb for sb 为“把某人误认为某人”；take sb as翻译为“将某人当作”，都满足句子意思。故此题填as/for。【37题详解】考查定语从句。句意：相反，她作为一名医生，她依然坚持在
91、医院工作。此处doctor是先行词，指人，在后面的限制性定语从句中作主语。横线前有逗号，所以不能填that。故填who。【38题详解】考查现在完成时态。句意：1935年出生的盛锦云，是著名的小儿哮喘专家，迄今已治疗了约3万名哮喘患儿。此处Sheng Jinyun是句子主语，单数第三人称且和treat是主动关系。再根据so far，可知句子用现在完成时态。故填has treated。【39题详解】考查最高级。句意：她被看作最美丽的祖母医生。前文说到了她治好了30000个哮喘患儿，所以说她是最美丽的祖母医生，故此处填最高级。故填most。【40题详解】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意：尽管一个月前她
92、摔断了两根骨头，但她一直坚守岗位。固定结构：have +宾语+宾语补足语。此处bones和break之间是被动关系，是过去分词作宾语补足语。故填broken。【41题详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：在他们眼里，她在这个年纪应该过着平静的生活。句子主语she是单数第三人称形式，和expect之间是一种被动关系，且这里在讲述一个客观事实，所以句子用一般现在时态的被动语态。be expected to do sth “期待做某事”。故填is expected。【42题详解】考查名词单复数。句意：她想治好更多的孩子。通过这里的more可知这里的孩子应该是复数。故填children。【43题详解】
93、考查形容词。句意：盛锦云最令人难忘的经历之一发生在她50多岁的时候。此处experiences是名词，由形容词修饰，故填impressive。【44题详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然盛锦云被授予了儿科终生成就医师。这里是有though引导的让步状语从句，盛锦云和授予的之间的关系是被动关系，所以这句话补充完整为Though Sheng was awarded the lifelong achievement physician in pediatrics。在状语从句中，从句的主语和主句相同，且谓语为be动词时，则可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词，句子就变为Though awarded the
94、 lifelong achievement physician in pediatrics。故填awarded。【45题详解】考查并列连词。句意：她说她的目标是成为一个勤奋的人和好的医生。通过前面的不定冠词a我们可以知道，盛锦云想拥有好医生和勤奋的人两个头衔，所以这里是并列结构。故填and。第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，是伦敦孔子学院的一名助教。按照学院安排，你近期要开设一门线上课 程，介绍中国沙画文化。请你写一封email,邀请你的学生们报名参加。内容包括：1.课程的安排；2.报名方式；3.希望学生们都参加。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增
95、加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：Confucius Institute孔子学院sand painting 沙画Dear students,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear students,As is scheduled by London Confucius Institute, I will launch an online course named Chinas Sand Paintings. So Im writing to invite you to sign up for it.The course has been arranged to start from Augu
96、st 1, which will last one month with one lecture for each day from 9:00 am to 10:30 am. Centering on the culture, the course shall introduce in detail the history, the well-known sand painters and the future of sand paintings in China.If interested, please sign up online at the institute wed before
97、July 20. Hope you all can participate.Yours, Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邀请邮件，邀请自己的学生报名参加学校举办的介绍中国沙画文化的课程。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.课程的安排；2.报名方式；3.希望学生们都参加。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）be scheduled by; Confucius Institute；launch; online course; sand
98、painting; invite sb to do; sign up for; arrange for; last; center on; in detail; well-known; be interested; participate.第三步：连词成句As is scheduled by London Confucius Institute, I will launch an online course named Chinas Sand Paintings. Im writing to invite you to sign up for it.The course has been ar
99、ranged to start from August 1, which will last one month with one lecture for each day from 9:00 am to 10:30 am. Centering on the culture, the course shall introduce in detail the history, the well-known sand painters and the future of sand paintings in China.If interested, please sign up online at
100、the institute wed before July 20.Hope you all can participate.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second And then, Finally, In the end, At last2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not onlybut (also), inc
101、luding,3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand,On the other hand Some,while others,as for, sothat 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系
102、。范文句式复杂高级，如：As is scheduled by London Confucius Institute, I will launch an online course named Chinas Sand Paintings.这句话运用了as引导的定语从句； The course has been arranged to start from August 1, which will last one month with one lecture for each day from 9:00 am to 10:30 am.使用了which引导的非限定性定语从句；Centering o
103、n the culture, the course shall introduce in detail the history, the well-known sand painters and the future of sand paintings in China.使用了现在分词作伴随状语；If interested, please sign up online at the institute wed before July 20.使用了 if引导的省略句。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续
104、写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为 150 左右。In 1989, fresh out of high school, I had the difficult task of choosing a career path before college started in three months. In those days in Pakistan, there were limited options: becoming a doctor or an engineer, or entering the financial world after getting a busine
105、ss degree. I wasnt interested in engineering, so that I was left with medicine or business. I couldnt decide.My uncle, an influential person in the family, suggested that I do a work placement to experience it for a month in an international company followed by a month in a hospital. After that, I c
106、ould make a decision. It seemed like a brilliant idea.I was accepted for a months placement at a foreign bank in Karachi. I got a feel for how the world of finance functioned, made new friends, and generally enjoyed the mostly easy-going work surroundings.The month passed rapidly, and soon I began w
107、orking at a leading hospital in Karachi. The experience couldnt have been more different. The hospital had an intense environment. The days started early (at 7 am, compared to 9 am at the bank), and were filled with endless duties. And the night calls! This was crazy, working all day, through the ni
108、ght, and again the next day.I began thinking about my two experiences. The bank had offered a more relaxing atmosphere, better working hours and less stress. The hospital was full of excitement and unpredictability, but the studying and training was difficult. It seemed that the business option was
109、going to win out.Near the end of my month at the hospital, I was driving home after an especially busy night call. In front of me was a public bus, with college students sitting on the top. As the driver weaved through (穿梭) traffic, I could see the boys shaking from side to side.Paragraph1: Suddenly
110、, a boy fell off the back of the bus._Paragraph2: The next day, when I went to hospital to see the boy, all his family got up, with grateful smiles on their faces._【答案】Suddenly, a boy fell off the back of the bus. He hit the road face down and rolled over. He lay motionless in the middle of the road
111、 as the bus sped away. None of the cars behind the bus stopped. In fact, I felt the same urge to keep going, but the urge to stop and help was stronger. Knowing that he could die in a matter of minutes, I stopped my car and carefully examined the body. With the help of some passers-by, I lifted his
112、unconscious body into the car and raced back to the hospital. After his family was contacted, and he was wheeled into emergency surgery, I drove home, exhausted.The next day, when I went to hospital to see the boy, all his family got up, with grateful smiles on their faces. The mother held my hands
113、to her face and started weeping. “Son, you are an angel!” she repeated. What a feeling this was, to help save the life of another person! I spent the rest of the day in a state of excitement, the most thrilling mood I had ever experienced. Driving home that evening, I knew what I wanted to do for th
114、e rest of my life. Two months of placements could not match what 30 minutes helping an accident victim had done for me. We spend a lot of our time wondering what path to take in our lives. This experience taught me that at times, these decisions are made for you - and that whatever happens is always
115、 for the best.【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在毕业后的职业选择，作者在叔叔的帮助下分别体验了银行和医院的工作。作者在这一个月的工作中感觉银行的工作非常的轻松，而在医院的工作则非常繁重且不可预知。作者也因此在这两个工作中摇摆不定。续写第一段提到“Suddenly, a boy fell off the back of the bus.”突然一个男孩从公交车的后面摔了下来。需要续写作者在看到男孩摔下来后所进行的活动。第二段提到“The next day, when I went to hospital to see the boy, all his family go
116、t up, with grateful smiles on their faces.”作者去医院看望了男孩，男孩家人的脸上都露出了感激的笑容。由此可预判作者心中的天平偏向了医院工作的一边。【详解】根据关键字判断情节发展。正文最后一段最后一句提到“It seemed that the business option was going to win out.”似乎金融行业要胜出了，但在续写第一段中的suddenly使得后文出现了一个转折，因此第一段可以描写作者帮助出车祸男孩的过程。第二段则可以描写作者在看望男孩且收到男孩家人感谢的过程中再次感受到了医护工作给他带来的成就感和幸福的感觉，由此作者认
117、为医院的工作会更适合他。最后升华主题，人们总是花时间在做选择上，但无论选择什么，对自己而言都是最好的。【点睛】本文情节结构合理，内容展开恰当，是一篇比较优秀的读后续写。在续写第一段“Knowing that he could die in a matter of minutes, I stopped my car and carefully examined the body.”和第二段中“Driving home that evening, I knew what I wanted to do for the rest of my life.”使用了现在分词作状语的结构，“What a feeling this was, to help save the life of another person!”由what引导的感叹句结构，使文章句型结构丰富。
