1、2020年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编（8）阅读理解-社会现象类1. With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together. The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he l
2、ives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters. Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has
3、 her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor. We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house, says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law. And what does Nick think? From my stand
4、point, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would. Its hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living tog
5、ether had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013. Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with thei
6、r parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million. Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women ar
7、e expected to move in with their husbands family when they get married.(1).Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?A.Nick.B.Rita.C.KathrynD.The daughters.(2).What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law?A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwillin
8、g.(3).What is the authors statement about multigenerational family based on?A.Family traditions.B.Financial reports.C.Published statistics.D.Public opinions.(4).What is the text mainly about?A.Lifestyles in different countries.B.Conflicts between generations.C.A housing problem in Britain.D.A rising
9、 trend of living in the UK.2. For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modem science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of
10、 science. After all, scientists have been right about most things. Stressing successes isnt wrong, but for many people its not persuasive. An alternative answer to the question Why trust science? is that scientists use the so-called scientific method. If youve got a high school science textbook lyin
11、g around, youll probably find that answer in it. But what is typically thought to be the scientific method develop a hypothesis (假设), design an experiment to test it isnt what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can
12、be found doing many different things. If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the reason for trust in science? The answer is how those claims are evaluated. The common element in modem science, regardless of the specific field or the particular methods being used, is the strict s
13、crutiny (认真彻底的审查) of claims. Its this tough, sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy peer review because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligati
14、on (责任)to find faults. A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, its thousands. This is why we are generally ju
15、stified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science the more people looking at a claim from different angles is important. Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are humans. There is always the
16、 possibility of revising a claim on the basis of new evidence. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are always changing their minds. While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is th
17、at it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (自相矛盾的): that science produces both novelty and stability. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.(1).How does the author think of the scientific method?A.Stable.B.Unreliab
18、le.C.Dynamic.D.Unrealistic.(2).What does the underlined word vetted in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Explained.B.Examined.C.RepeatedD.Released.(3).According to the passage, the author may agree that _.A.it is not persuasive to reject those faulty claimsB.settled science tends to be collectively overtu
19、rnedC.a leading expert cannot play a decisive role in scrutinyD.diversity in knowledge is the common element in science(4).Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Put Your Faith in ScienceB.Defend the Truth in ScienceC.Apply Your Mind to ScienceD.Explore a Dynamic Way to Sci
20、ence3.College for $1 a day? If it sounds too good to be true, its not. Walmart, the largest private sector employer in the U.S., announced a new plan to pay for college for its 1.4 million employees.Walmart will offer all full-time, part-time and salaried Walmart staff an opportunity to attend colle
21、ge for $1 a day for the study of their college program. Walmart will cover the full cost beyond financial aid of tuition, fees and books. According to personal finance comparison site Make Lemonade, there are more than 44 million borrowers who collectively owe more than $1.4 trillion of student loan
22、 debt. With this program, Walmart wants to ensure that its staff can earn a college degree without being involved in student loan debt.Walmart has partnered with three non-profit universities where its employees can earn a degree online while working. Walmart staff are qualified to apply once they h
23、ave worked at Walmart for at least 90 days. Walmart expects that all Walmart staff who apply will be accepted. If an employee leaves the company before completing a degree, the employee does not have to pay back any costs to Walmart, but will no longer have his/her education subsidized(被资助).Currentl
24、y, Walmart will only cover Associates and Bachelors degrees in business and supply chain management since they are “parts of a broader approach to preparing the workforce to succeed today and into the future.”“Investing in the personal and professional success of our staff is vital to Walmarts futur
25、e success,” said Greg Forman, CEO of Walmart U.S., in a statement. “We know training and learning opportunities enable the staff to deliver for customers while growing and advancing in their career.”Walmart is partnering with Guild Education, a leading education benefits platform, which will provide
26、 academic counselors to help Walmart staff with everything from the application process to choosing the right degree. According to The Washington Post, Walmart expects as many as 68,000 staff members to join the program in the first five years.1.What does Make Lemonade expose to us?A.Walmart helps e
27、mployees out of student loan debt.B.Millions of students are under the weight of debt.C.44 million students have paid off their debts.D.$1.4 trillion has been donated to students.2.What does Walmart expect its employees to do?A.Apply for a top university.B.Pay back the education fees.C.Gain a degree
28、 while working.D.Offer good service to its customers.3.What does Greg Forman think of the new plan?A.It is a waste of time and money.B.It could bring benefits to Walmart.C.It aims to make contributions to society.D.It stops employees from learning further.4.Whats the best title of the text?A.Walmart
29、 offers employees college for $1 a day.B.Guide Education helps Walmart win attention.C.Walmart first turns impossible to possible.D.68,000 Walmart employees have a college degree.4.The Little Baby Face Foundation(LBFF)is an NYC-based nonprofit organization with a great deal of controversy. Founded i
30、n 2002, it provides free plastic surgery for children born with facial deformities(畸形). Many teenagers who have been teased for their looks are now applying to have their problem areas “fixed” by LBFF.Nadia, one 14-year-old teenager, had her face greatly changed in June when she went under the knife
31、. Her classmates had been constantly making fun of her appearance. “They said I have the biggest ears that theyve ever seen. They called me elephant ears,” Nadia said. Those comments hurt her a lot. She even considered how to end her own life.But Nadia tried to keep the bullying a secret from her mo
32、ther, Lynda. Her mother was already dealing with mounting medical bills for her 9-year-old son, Josh, who had a serious brain disease. When her mother did finally find out about the bullying, she was heartbroken.Nadia decided to end her bullying problems with plastic surgery. Then her mother turned
33、to the LBFF, which accepted Nadia s application. The surgeries were very painful and it took months for her face to heal, but she did manage to return to school with a new face, a face she was finally proud of.Nadias surgery may have helped her overcome her emotional pain, but should teenagers go to
34、 those extremes just because they are being bullied?Experts warn if the deformities are not really a problem to the child, plastic surgery is not the answer! In fact, when a teen decides to get plastic surgery because he or she is being bullied, it can send the wrong message. By surgically changing
35、the victim of a bully, it is as if you support the bullying and agree the victim is in fact worthy of all those names he or she has been called. It is like saying to teenagers: “Yes, there is something wrong with you, and you should get it fixed!”1.What did Nadia think of her school life in the past
36、?A.Busy.B.Exciting.C.Miserable.D.Ordinary.2.Why did Nadia keep the secret from her mother?A.Her mother had heart disease.B.She didnt want to burden her.C.Her mother was afraid of being bullied.D.She didnt know how to share it with her.3.Why does the author say plastic surgery can send the wrong mess
37、age?A.It may let bullies feel they are right.B.It may become popular among teens.C.It may damage the name of the LBFF.D.It may change victims into bullies.4.What would be the best title for the text?A.Why many teenagers are being teased?B.Is plastic surgery the answer to bullying?C.Why surgery helps
38、 overcome emotional pain?D.Should we pay more attention to appearance?5.Britains government is to introduce a law making it a legal requirement for the first time for every public sector(部门)worker in a public-facing role to speak English fluently, the Cabinet Office announced Sunday. The Cabinet Off
39、ice said it will mean all public sector organisations must ensure staff can communicate effectively with the public, at what will be similar to a language skill good enough to pass a high-level high college exam.A spokesman for the Cabinet Office said: “This requirement would increase depending on t
40、he nature of the role and profession. Doctors, for example, are already required to have a much higher level of English.”“Organisations including the National Health Service (NHS), armed forces and state-funded schools will all be bound by a new code(法规)of practice which will be produced following a
41、 consultation in the autumn. The law and code of practice will apply to both existing and new employees working in public-facing roles.”Hancock said: “We are controlling immigration(移民)for the benefit of all hard-working people. That includes making sure that foreign nationals employed in customer-f
42、acing public sector roles are able to speak English of a high standard. We have already introduced tough new language requirements for migrants, now we will introduce new law in the coming Immigration Bill to deliver the commitment(承诺) made by Prime Minister David Cameron to go further.”The new prim
43、ary law will be used to extend the same level of language control to every public sector worker in a customer facing role. It will include police officers, social workers, teaching staff and assistants, and local government employees. Added Minister Hancock: “This will be the first time there has be
44、en an approach to enforcing(强制实施)fluent English across the public sector and will create a consistent experience for taxpayers, while promoting integration(整合;一体化)and British values in the United Kingdom.”1.In public sectors, the English requirement_.A.is going to apply only to new employeesB.will b
45、e different for different jobsC.is the hardest for doctorsD.aroused a heated debate2.Which of the following may Hancock agree with?A.People in Britain will have to work harder.B.There are too many migrants in Britain.C.It will be harder for foreigners to be Englishmen.D.The requirement can help prom
46、ote employment.3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.A.the new law will involve many public sectorsB.it may be hard to carry out the new lawC.many public sector workers cant use English wellD.the new law may change British values4.What does the text mainly tell us?A.English is more and
47、more popular and important in the world.B.Fluent English will be a requirement in public sectors in Britain.C.English can make a difference in effective communication at work.D.A new primary law on immigration has been made in Britain.6.A child who suffers bullying (霸凌) usually has low self-esteem a
48、nd ability to learn and be successful at school is greatly lessened. Therefore, bullying must be stopped.The best and most obvious way to stop bullying in schools is for parents to change the way they raise their children at home. Of course, this is much easier said than done and everyone raises the
49、ir children differently. Bullies, however, come from homes where physical punishment is used and children have been taught that physical violence is the way to handle problems and “get their way”. Bullies usually also come from homes where the parents fight a lot, so children have been modeled on su
50、ch violence. Parental involvement is often lacking in bullies lives and there seems to be little warmth.Early intervention (干预) is truly the best way to stop bullying, but parents of the victims or therapists (治疗师) cannot alter the bullys home environment. Some things can be done at the school level
51、, however. Most school programs that address bullying apply a multi-faceted method to the problem.Hand out questionnaires to all students and teachers and discuss if bullying is occurring. Define exactly what constitutes (构成) bullying at school. The questionnaire is a wonderful tool that allows the
52、school to see how widespread bullying is and what forms it is taking. It is a good way to start to solve the problem.Get the childrens parents involved in a bullying program. If parents of the bullies and the victims are not aware of what is going on at school, then the whole bullying program will n
53、ot be effective. Stopping bullying in school takes teamwork and concentrated effort on everyones part. Bullying also should be discussed during parent-teacher conferences and PTA meetings. Parental awareness is the sky.In the classroom setting. All teachers should work with the students on bullying.
54、 Oftentimes even the teacher is being bullied in the classroom and a program should be set up to teach about bullying. Children understand modeling behaviors and role-play and acting out bullying situations is a very effective tool. Have students role-play a bullying situation.1.In the authors opini
55、on, bullies usually _.A.have extremely high self-esteemB.know little of the harm of violenceC.look forward to parental involvementD.experience or witness violence at home2.What does the underlined word “alter” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.UnderstandB.ChangeC.Remove.D.Approach3.Paragraph 5 suggests that its
56、 important to _.A.make a punishment program effective.B.let parents know their children are bulliesC.find the key to improving security at schoolD.make parents conscious of bullying at school4.What is the passage mainly about?A.How to stop bullying in schoolB.What leads to violence in school.C.What
57、parents can do to stop bullying.D.How to comfort those who are bullied.7.The expression, “everybodys doing it,” is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure. It is a social influence applied on an individual in order to get that person to act or behave in a similar way as a larger grou
58、p.People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that some part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct explains why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many peoples lives. This instinct drives people to
59、 dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer a simple “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you?” even if it is not necessarily true.For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes an addiction. Teens and young adults may feel forced to smoke, or dri
60、nk alcohol, which might encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they cant afford in an effort to keep up with the
61、peers.However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to work harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off smoking, or to h
62、elp an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.Although peer pressure is sometimes quite obvious, it can also be so subtle that a person may not even notice that it is affecting his or her behavior. For this reason, when making important decisions, simply going with an instinct is risky. Instea
63、d, people should seriously consider why they feel drawn to taking a particular action, or it is simply because everyone else is doing the same thing.1.What does the underlined word “instinct” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.A natural tendency.B.An acquired ability.C.A popular idea.D.An obvious mistak
64、e.2.What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A.Potential causes of peer pressure.B.Possible positive effects of peer pressure.C.Negative consequences of peer pressure.D.Tips for coping with peer pressure.3.What is the authors suggestion when making a decision?A.Simply go with an instinct.B.Ask for advice fr
65、om adults.C.Listen to the inner motivation.D.Follow in the footsteps of others.4.What is the authors attitude to peer pressure?A.Objective.B.Ambiguous.C.Critical.D.Indifferent.答案以及解析1.答案：BACD解析：(1).考查细节理解。根据第三段Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol.but Rita Whit
66、ehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor可知,在布里斯托尔的维多利亚时代的房子里,Rita住在一楼,故选B。(2).考查观点态度。根据第五段中的From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would可以判断,Nick对于与岳母住在一起持积极的态度,故选A。carefree无忧无虑的;tolerant宽容的; unwlling不情愿的。(3).考
67、查推理判断。根据第六段中的Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013和第七段中的It is said that about 20%of 25-34-year-olds. about 1.8 million可知,作者通过罗列数据来说明几世同堂家庭的情况,故C项公布的数据正确。(4).考查主旨大意。根据全文中心句With the young unable t
68、o afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独),more families are choosing to live together可知,本文主要介绍了近年来英国人选择几世同堂的趋势在上升,故选D。2.答案：(1)-(4)CBCA解析：(1).考查观点态度。根据第二段中的Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned可知,作者认为科学方法在不断更新,是处于动态变化中的,故选C。(2).考查词义猜测。根据第三段尾句可知,一个科学论断在
69、被接受为正确的之前要经历漫长的同行评审,并结合第四段第一句可推知,画线词所在句表示科学论断只有在经过很多人审查之后才能被接受,由此可推知,画线词的含义与B项词义最为接近,故选B。(3).考查推理判断。根据第四段的内容,尤其是This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim可推知,单个知名科学家在科学论断的审查过程中并不能发挥决定性的作用,故选C。(4).考查标题判断。作者在第
70、一段以过去几十年人们对科学的怀疑引出话题,随即表明了论点scientists have been right about most things,接着第二至五段提出论据支撑了这一论点,以此来呼吁人们要信任科学,所以A选项最适合作文章标题。 3.答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.A解析：1.由第二段According to personal finance comparison site Make Lemonade, there are more than 44 million borrowers who collectively owe more than $1.4 trillion o
71、f student loan debt. 可知。2.由Walmart has partnered with three non-profit universities where its employees can earn a degree online while working.可知。3.由Investing(投资) in the personal and professional success of our staff is vital to Walmarts future success可以推出答案。4.文章主要讲述Walmart出资鼓励其员工工作时攻读学位的事,故A项为最佳答案。
72、4.答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.B解析：5.答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.A; 4.B解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段的This requirement would increase depending on the nature of the role and profession可知英语的要求会因为职业的不同而不同。2.推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知英国将对来英的移民提出更高的要求,因此外国人要想移民英国的话会越来越难。3.推理判断题。文章最后一段第一二句提到这个法案将会涉及到警察、社交人物、教师等许多领域,因此答案A项正确。4.考查主旨大意。文章是一篇新闻报道,主要讲的是
73、英国即将通过一个法规,对在公共部门工作的人的英语表达水平提出了更高的要求,因此B是最佳选项。6.答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A解析：1.D. 我们可以定位到文章中的“Bullies usually also come from homes where the parents fight a lot, so children have been modeled on such violence.”这句话的意思是霸凌通常是来自坚持打架的父母或者已经习惯暴力的家庭。所以选D经历或者见证过家庭暴力;A. 从原文“bullying usually has low self-esteem”可以
74、排除;B. 文章就没有提及;C. 是期待父母的陪伴也是没有提到的。故选:D。2.首先看选项,A. 理解;B. 改变;C. 移除;D. 逼近。原文是父母当中受害的一方或者治疗师都不能怎么样这个霸凌的家庭环境,首先我们知道家庭环境是不能移除的,只能去改善,而且治疗师肯定是把病症变好就是把霸凌的环境变好的职责,所以这里的alter是改变的意思,改变不好的现状,而且alter本身也有转换的意思,所以选B。故选:B。3.D. 第五段主要是讲述了父母在改善校园霸凌扮演着重要的角色,在这段的末尾也说了“Parental awareness is the key”父母的意识是关键。这句话我们就可以定位到选项中
75、的D选项,让父母意识到校园霸凌;A. 是做一个惩罚的措施,这个文章没有提及;B. 是让父母知道自己的孩子是实施霸凌的,这段没有提及;C. 是找到提示校园安全的关键,其实这个关键已经找到了就是父母对于霸凌的意识。故选:D。4.整篇文章就是讲了霸凌产生的可能原因以及如何去改善霸凌的现象和改善霸凌现象的关键。A. 怎么样停止学校的霸凌,这个是符合题意的;B. 什么导致了校园暴力,这个只是文中一部分说了,不能概括全文;C. 父母做什么能停止霸凌,其实文章说了父母只是关键,学校也还是需要做一些措施的;D. 如何安慰霸凌受害的人,这个不是文章主要说的。所以A选项更符合题意。故选:A。7.答案：1.A; 2
76、.B; 3.C; 4.A解析：1.词义猜测题.根据划线词所在的句子People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that some part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. Thisinstinctexplains why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many peoples lives.人天
77、生就是社会性的生物,所以他们的自尊中有一部分来自于别人的认可也就不足为奇了.这种本能解释了为什么同龄人的认可,或者说害怕别人的不认可,在很多人的生活中是如此强大的力量.可知instinct的意思和by nature天生意思相近,再结合选项可知A. A natural tendency自然倾向符合.故选A.2.段落大意题.根据第四段However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to work harder and get good
78、grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off smoking, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.然而,同龄人的压力并不总是消极的.一个朋友擅长学习的学生可能会被鼓励更加努力地学习并取得好成绩.运动队的队员可能会感到为了帮助球队获胜而被迫更加努力地比赛.这种影响也可以使朋友
79、戒烟,或者帮助成年人养成好习惯或戒掉糟糕的一个.可知本段主要是同伴压力可能产生的积极影响.故选B.3.推理判断题.根据最后一段 For this reason, when making important decisions, simply going with an instinct is risky. Instead, people should seriously consider why they feel drawn to taking a particular action, or it is simply because everyone else is doing the sa
80、me thing.因此,在做出重要决定时,仅仅凭本能行事是有风险的.相反,人们应该认真考虑为什么他们会对采取某一特定行动感兴趣或者只是因为其他人都在做同样的事情.可知在做出重要决定时,倾听内心的动力.故选C.4.观点态度题.根据最后一段Although peer pressure is sometimes quite obvious, it can also be so subtle that a person may not even notice that it is affecting his or her behavior. For this reason, when making i
81、mportant decisions, simply going with an instinct is risky. Instead, people should seriously consider why they feel drawn to taking a particular action, or it is simply because everyone else is doing the same thing.虽然同龄人的压力有时是相当明显的,但也可能是非常微妙的,以至于一个人甚至可能没有注意到它正在影响他或她的行为.因此,在做出重要决定时,仅仅凭本能行事是有风险的.相反,人们应该认真考虑为什么他们会对采取某一特定行动感兴趣或者只是因为其他人都在做同样的事情.可知作者只是客观地陈述了压力的影响,所以态度是客观的.故选A.
