1、Section Grammar主语和动词语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟主语Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth.They called it AntiArktikos, or Antarctica.98% of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap.To learn a foreign language well is not easy.Swimming is a good exercise.Whether he will come is doubtful.1.句中的黑体部分在
2、句中均作主语。2.由句可知，不定式、动名词、从句作主语时谓语动词通常要用单数形式。动词I hope to see you soon.He came in and sat down.The student went pale when he saw the teacher.I can easily tell my fathers step.We hadnt walked far when we lost our way.3.由可知，黑体部分均为动词，句中的黑体部分可直接作谓语，而句中黑体部分不能单独作谓语。考点一主语主语是一句话的中心。主语通常由名词、the形容词、代词、数词或者相当于名词的不定
3、式、动名词或从句充当。词类例句名词The news is exciting.the形容词The disabled are well cared for in our country.代词None of us believed what he said.数词Onethird of the work has been finished.不定式To decide is to act.(决定即行动。)动名词Watching a film is a pleasure；making one is hard work.从句Whether he will come is unknown.名师点津不定式、动名词
4、和主语从句作主语时，习惯用it充当形式主语，把真正的主语置于句末。Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是一件遗憾的事。It is an honour to be here with you.能与你一起在这儿很荣幸。即时演练1画出下面句子中的主语It takes us hours to do our homework every day.One must admire him for his willingness.“How do you do？”is a greeting.There is a chemical works over t
5、here.Learning how to raise the sails，of course，is an important part of a sailors training.考点二动词动词按照在句中的功能可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。实义动词、系动词等都可在句中作谓语。谓语动词除了在人称和数上与主语保持一致外，还有各种时态和语态的变化。1动词的分类动词的分类用法实义动词及物动词一般情况下，其后要跟宾语，意思才完整，如teach，do，expect，hear，learn等；pass，buy，offer，hand等跟双宾语；make，find，think，consider等跟复合宾语不及物动词
6、动词之后不能跟宾语，如arrive，come，die，rise，get，happen，exist，talk，work，swim等系动词通常要加上表语，否则意义不完整，如be，become，keep，remain，stay，lie，stand，seem，appear，look，feel，smell，taste，sound，grow，turn，get，go等情态动词后接动词原形，与其一起构成谓语，本身具有词义，如can/could，will/would，shall/should，may/might，need，dare，must等助动词用来构成各种时态和语态，本身无具体词义，如do，have，be，
7、shall，will，would等2.动词的时态(以动词ask为例)时态种类构成现在过去将来过去将来一般时asksaskaskedshall/willaskshould/wouldask进行时am/is/areaskingwas/wereaskingshall/willbeaskingshould/wouldbeasking完成时have/hasaskedhadaskedshall/willhaveaskedshould/wouldhaveasked完成进行时have/hasbeenaskinghadbeenasking3.常用时态的被动语态的结构时态被动语态一般现在时am/is/are过去分
8、词一般过去时was/were过去分词一般将来时will/shallbe过去分词过去将来时would/shouldbe过去分词或was/were going to be过去分词现在进行时am/is/are being过去分词过去进行时was/were being过去分词现在完成时has/have been过去分词过去完成时had been过去分词即时演练2单句改错We must found ways to protect the environment.foundfindA woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop
9、.tellingtoldWe can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music.listening后加toIn my opinion, cheating in exams are wrong.areisShe had taught us English when I attended training courses two years ago.去掉had.单句语法填空1His family are watching(watch) TV now.2I met(meet) Lucy on the street
10、the other day.3Great changes have taken(take) place in our school in the past five years.4A position was offered(offer) to him then.5Five cars have been repaired(repair) so far.6Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is(be) often acceptable.7If you come to visit China，you will experience(e
11、xperience) a culture of amazing depth and variety.8It is no use telling him not to worry.9Between the two windows hangs(hang) a picture.10Where to hold(hold) the meeting hasnt been decided.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.chosechoose2I know the girl who invited to the party by the boy last night.who后加was3At that time，we often spend time together.spendspent4He said that it was the best gift he has ever had.hashad5He ordered that everything should put in order.should后加be6The oranges were tasted sweet.去掉were
