1、Unit 4 Global warming基础自主检测阅读识记.英译汉1.random adj. 胡乱的；任意的2.subscribe vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅vt. 签署(文件)；捐助3.data n. 资料；数据4.tendency n. 倾向；趋势5.casual adj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的6.motor n. 发动机7.microwave n. 微波炉；微波.汉译英1.graph n. 图表；坐标图；曲线图2.fuel n. 燃料3.flood n. 洪水；水灾4.outer adj. 外部的；外面的5.advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张6.can n. 容器；罐头7
2、.nuclear adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的高频应用1.quantity n. 量；数量2.trend n. 趋势；倾向；走向3.range n. 种类；范围 4.glance vi. 看一下；扫视n. 一瞥5.widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的6.average adj. 平均的 7.circumstance n. 环境；情况8.refresh vt. 使恢复；使振作 9.presentation n. 显示；演出拓展变形1.consume (vt.) 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完consumer (n.) 消费者consumption (n.) 消费；消耗量2.phenome
3、non (n.) 现象phenomena (pl.) 现象3.tend (vi.) 趋向；易于；照顾 (vt.) 照顾；护理tendency (n.) 倾向；趋势4.oppose (vt.) 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量opposed (adj.) 反对的；对立的5.mild (adj.) 温和的；温柔的；淡的mildly (adv.) 温柔地；温和地6.consequence (n.) 结果；后果；影响consequent (adj.) 随后发生的；作为结果的consequently (adv.) 因此；所以7.state (vt.) 陈述；说明statement (n.) 说明；陈述；声明8
4、.steady (adj.) 平稳的；持续的；稳固的steadily (adv.) 平稳地；持续地9.existence (n.) 生存；存在exist (vi.) 存在mitment (n.) 承诺；交托；信奉commit (v.) 承诺；保证11.pollution (n.) 污染；弄脏pollute (vt.) 弄脏；污染12.growth (n.) 增长；生长grow (v.) 生长；增长；渐渐变得13.electrical (adj.) 电的；与电有关的electricity (n.) 电；电能14.educator (n.) 教育工作者；教育家educate (vt.) 教育edu
5、cation (n.) 教育15.contribution (n.) 贡献contribute (v.) 贡献；投稿16.disagreement (n.) 分歧；不一致disagree (vi.) 不同意；意见不合1.特别“不规则”的名词复数datumdata 数据mediummedia 媒体bacteriumbacteria 细菌criterioncriteria 标准phenomenonphenomena 现象crisiscrises 危机2.与“灾难”有关的名词flood 洪灾drought 旱灾disaster 灾难catastrophe 大灾难earthquake 地震tsunam
6、i 海啸3.后缀ation必备名词presentation 显示，演出reformation 改革，革新invitation 邀请modernization 现代化organization 组织preparation 准备一 动词介/副词e about 发生；造成2.subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购3.go up 上升；增长；升起4.result in 导致5.keep on 继续6.put up with 忍受；容忍二 be形容词介词7.be opposed to 反对三 介词宾语8.on the whole大体上；基本上9.on behalf of . 代表一方；作为的代言人四
7、其他10.quantities of 大量的11.even if/though 即使12.so long as 只要13.and so on 等等1.“动词up with”短语集锦put up with 忍受；容忍keep up with 跟上catch up with 跟上end up with 以结束2.“beed分词to”短语面面观be opposed to 反对be addicted to 沉溺于be attached to 附属于be devoted to 献身于be accustomed to 习惯于be sentenced to 被判处_1.连词分词(when compared
8、to/with)That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when_compared_to (当与相比的时候) other natural changes.(教材P26)2.There is no doubt that . “毫无疑问”There_is_no_doubt_that (毫无疑问) the earth is becoming warmer . (教材P26)3.even if引导让步状语从句Even_if (即使) we start reducing the amount of
9、 carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.(教材P27)4.as/so long as引导条件状语从句；if not省略句It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as (只要) you are using itif_not (如果不), turn it off！(教材P30)单句语法填空1.It is human activity that has cau
10、sed this global warming rather _ a random but natural phenomenon.答案：than2.All scientists subscribe to the view _ the increase in the earths temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.答案：that3.It means that more heat energy tends to _ (trap) in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to
11、go up.答案：be trapped4.It is the burning of more and more fossil fuels _ has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.答案：that5.Greenhouse gases continue to build _ in the atmosphere.答案：up6.I am doing a project on behalf _ my school about global warming.答案：of7.Together, individuals can make a differ
12、ence. We do not have to put up _ pollution.答案：with8.It takes a lot of energy _ (make) things from new materials.答案：to make9.Get your parents _ (buy) things that are economical with energy.答案：to buy10.Talk with your family and friends about global warming and tell them _ you have learned.答案：what考点步步冲
13、关1 quantityn量；数量The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.(P26)当我们在空气中增加大量额外的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。a (large/small) quantity of 大量/少量的(large) quantities of 大量的；许多的in quantity 大量地名师点津a quantity of与quantities of这两个短语后均可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。“a quantity of名词”作主语时，其谓语
14、动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities of名词”作主语时，谓语动词总是用复数形式。即时练1单句语法填空A large quantity of money _ (collect) to help those suffering from the floods.In the first place, vehicles send large quantities of poisonous gases which _ (be) a major source of air pollution._ (quantity) of food and tents were sent to earthq
15、uakestricken areas from Shandong.Its cheaper to buy goods _ quantity.答案：has been collectedareQuantitiesin2 opposevt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.(
16、P27)在另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治汉布利，反对上面的观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。(1)oppose (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事(2)opposed adj. 反对的；对立的be opposed to 反对(3)opposite adj. 相反的；对立的be opposite to 与相反on the opposite side of 在对面(4)opposite prep. 在对面A is opposite B. A在B对面。名师点津(1)oppose后跟表示动作的词作宾语时，动词要用动名词形式。be opposed to结构中，to是介词，其
17、后也要用动词的ing形式。(2)表示反对的其他表达：disagree with, object to, be against等。即时练2单句语法填空Much to our amazement, they came to conclusions completely _ (oppose) to ours.Many old men are opposed to _ (cut) down the 100yearold tree for rebuilding the shopping centre.We live further down _ the opposite side of the road
18、.答案：oppositecuttingon单句写作词汇升级高中生们坚决反对受到别人的不公正对待。a普通表达：The senior students _ being treated unfairly by others. b高级表达：The senior students strongly _ being treated unfairly by others.c高级表达：The senior students _ being treated unfairly by others.答案：a.are strongly againstboppose/object tocare strongly opp
19、osed to3 averageadj.平均的；普通的n平均；平均数vt.& vi.算出的平均数；平均为The greenhouse effect gives the earths surface the average temperature of 15 .(P29)温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15 。on average 平均地；通常above/below average 在一般水平以上/以下即时练3单句语法填空Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 _ the average._
20、average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.答案：aboveOn单句写作句式升级这辆汽车以平均每小时50千米的速度在行驶。a普通表达：The car is running _ 50 kilometres an hour.(at a speed of)b高级表达：The car is running, _ 50 kilometres an hour.(定语从句)答案：a.at an average speed ofbwhose speed aver
21、ages4 advocatevt. 拥护；提倡；主张However, I still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today.(P30)然而我仍认为人们应该支持改善日常能源的消耗方式。advocate sth. 主张/提倡advocate doing sth. 主张/提倡做某事advocate that . 主张，倡导(从句要用虚拟语气“should动词原形”，should可以省略)即时练4单句语法填空We advocate _ (solve) international disputes
22、 by negotiations, instead of appealing to arms.Mr Williams is a dietary expert, _ (advocate) more exercise and a good diet be the key to a healthy life.Animal activists advocate that the government _ (set) up a special organization to protect these migrating birds.答案：solvingadvocating(should) set1co
23、me about 发生；造成教材原句So how has this come about and does it matter？(P26)那么，这种温度的上升是怎么产生的呢？它要紧吗？How did it come about that .? 是怎样发生的？come across偶遇come into being 形成；产生；出现come into power 上台执政；当权come into effect 生效come out 出版；结果是；发芽come up 被提及；长出地面；发生come up with 提出；想出when it comes to . 当谈到时come on 跟着来；跟上
24、来；口得啦；快点；进展come to 总计；达到；归纳为名师点津come about, happen, take place和break out这四个表示“发生”的词语，都是不及物动词(短语)，不可用于被动语态。即时练1用come相关短语的适当形式填空When the exam results _， Jack left as usual.The subject _ during a predinner drink with our guests.I never remember having _ a man like that.Tony _ a new idea for increasing
25、sales.答案：came outcame upcome acrosscame up with单句写作我真不明白这么短的路程你怎么会迟到一个小时。Ill never understand _ you were an hour late on such a short journey.当谈及帮妻子做家务活这件事的时候，他从来不抱怨。He never complains _ his wife with the housework.答案：how it came about thatwhen it comes to helping2result in导致教材原句They also agree that
26、 it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.(P26)他们还赞同下述观点，正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。result from 由造成as a result 结果as a result of 由于；作为的结果without result 没有结果；白费即时练2用result相关短语的适当形式填空Its said that his lameness _ an accident.The boom in building
27、has _ the local land being more valuable now for houses.All singers are united. _， their performance was successful._ your carelessness, the whole project should be put off at least one month.答案：resulted fromresulted inAs a resultAs a result of3put up with 容忍；忍受教材原句We do not have to put up with poll
28、ution.(P30)我们没有必要忍受污染。put aside 节省；储蓄；储存put away 收起来put down 写下；记下put forward 提出建议；把拨快put off 延期；推迟put out 熄灭；扑灭；伸出put on 穿上；上演put up 举起；建造；张贴；提供；投宿名师点津表示“容忍；忍受”的词语还有：stand, tolerate, bear等。即时练3用put相关短语的适当形式填空He decided that he would drive back to town instead of _ for the night at the hotel.Mary is
29、 really good at taking notes in class. She can _ almost every word her teacher says.Im not going to _ their smoking any longer.A suggestion has been _ that we should recycle the textbooks.We are trying to _ some money every month for our vacation.答案：putting upput downput up withput forwardput aside1
30、Even_if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.(P27)翻译即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。even ifeven though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；纵使”。让步状语从句还可用以下连接词引导：(1)用while引导让步状语从句需置于句首，意思是“尽管；虽然”。(2)用whethe
31、r . or . 引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管/无论还是”。(3)用whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever等引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管/无论什么/谁/怎样/何时/哪里”。(4)用as/though/although引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然；尽管”。用as引导时，从句必须倒装；用though时，从句可倒装也可不倒装；用although时，从句不倒装。即时练1单句语法填空Hard _ they tried, they couldnt make her change her mind.Whether in the home _ in
32、the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, even _ they knew it to be valuable._ you are, you have to obey the orders and there is no exception.答案：as/thoughorif/thoughWhoever2It is OK to leave an electrical ap
33、pliance on so_long_as you are using itif not, turn it off！(P30)翻译只要你在使用电器设备你可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！as/so long as 引导条件状语从句，相当于on condition that, provided that或if(只要，如果)。此外，as long as 还可表示“与一样长”。(1)as far as 到达某个提及的地方，在范围内，就而言。(2)as many as “多达”“达到之多”，与可数名词复数连用。(3)as much as “多达”“达到之多”，与不可数名词连用。(4)as soon a
34、s “一就”，引导时间状语从句。(5)as well as 也，还；除之外还。(6)as good as 和一样好；几乎，差不多。即时练2用as . as相关短语的适当形式填空These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet_ most light cant reach.Electric energy can be changed into light energy _ into sound energy.She trained hard for the r
35、ace, sometimes running _ 60 miles a week.You can borrow my car _ you promise not to drive too fast._ I am concerned, I am strongly against the plan.A distant relative is not _ a near neighbour.答案：as far asas well asas many asas long asAs far asas good asit的用法()It用于强调句型中1It is/was被强调部分that/who其他，这个句型
36、可以强调主语、宾语、介词短语及状语I met Tom in the park yesterday.It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.我昨天在公园遇到了汤姆。2强调句的特殊疑问句句型为：特殊疑问词is/was it that/who陈述句What did you want to find yesterday?What was it that you wanted to find yesterday?昨天你想找到的东西是什么？3强调句与名词性从句的结合I want to know what you wanted to find yesterda
37、y.I want to know what it was that you wanted to find yesterday.我想知道你昨天想找到什么。4It is/was not until被强调部分that . I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是一个著名的影星。
38、It常用的固定搭配1make it口语中表示“成功做到；及时到达；渡过难关；约定时间”等。No matter how hard it is, I will make it one day.无论多么艰难，终有一天我会成功。2Take it easy.口语中相当于“Dont worry.”或“Dont hurry.”，用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌；沉住气；别担心”。Take it easy! He will do it well!别担心！他会做好的。3It all depends./That all depends.口语中相当于“It hasnt been decided yet.”表示“那得看情况
39、，还未定下来。”Are you going to the countryside for a holiday?It all depends.你要去乡村度假吗？视情况而定。4Its up to sb.口语中，相当于“Its decided by sb.”表示“由决定/由负责/取决于”。Shall we go out for dinner?Its up to you.我们要出去吃饭吗？由你决定。即时练.单句语法填空1_ wasnt until two days ago that Dad allowed me to drive on the motorway.答案：It2_ is up to you
40、 to decide whether we should go or not.答案：It3I thought he would be too old to get to the top of the mountain, but he made _ at last.答案：it4_ it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?答案：Was5He was so busy yesterday that it was not until late at night _ he finished his
41、 work.答案：that.单句改错1Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century when his musical gift was fully recognized._答案：whenthat2It was with the help of the local guide who the mountain climber was rescued._答案：whothat3I dont know why was it that I hated him so much._答案：was itit was4It is Al
42、ice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, wasnt it?_答案：iswas5It was last spring when they worked together they began to become good friends._答案：together后加that基础达标演练.单句语法填空1On the other hand, the cost of everything from housing to education has risen _ (steady) in recent decades.答案：
43、steadily2The authorities no longer subscribe _ the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.答案：to3Im not opposed to _ (upload) a hundred pictures at a time of my recent travels into albums on Facebook.答案：uploading4Quantities of money _ (spend) in bringing up the children since they were
44、married.答案：have been spent5The water recreation centre provides a variety of activities, _ (range) from swimming to diving.答案：ranging6Pleasant music is often played between classes to make students _ (refresh) and relaxed for a while.答案：refreshed7Population aging is one of the worlds population deve
45、lopment _ (tend)答案：tendencies8He had been ill for a long time and _ (consequence) he was behind in his work.答案：consequently9We should do our work well to make _ (contribute) to our future, our society and our nation.答案：contributions10Some experts think that pollution poses a threat to the continued
46、_ (exist) of this species.答案：existence.单句改错1Under the circumstance he felt unable to accept the job._答案：circumstancecircumstances2On the average, American kids aged from 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981._答案：去掉the3Though he works hard, his marks are stil
47、l over average._答案：overbelow4On whole, he was generous and honest, but sometimes he was mean._答案：On后加the5I want to express the very deep appreciation in behalf of all of us, for this warm welcome that you have given us._答案：inon.教材微写作A根据提示完成句子1随着工业的发展，产生了越来越多的温室气体，地球在逐渐变暖。(greenhouse gases)_答案：With t
48、he development of industry, more and more greenhouse gases are produced and the earth is becoming warmer.2结果，海平面在上升，致使许多沿海城市和动物的栖息地处于危险中。(habitat)_答案：As a consequence, the sea level is rising, which puts many coastal cities and animal habitats in danger.3全球变暖已经对人类和动物构成严峻的挑战，因此，到了我们采取措施应对这一挑战的时候了。(it
49、 is high time)_答案：Global warming has become a serious challenge to mankind and animals, so it is high time that we took/should take measures to deal with it.4只有我们停止这种粗暴对待环境的方式，我们才能和环境和谐相处。(roughly)_答案：Only by stopping treating the environment roughly can we live in harmony with it.B将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，
50、注意书写规范答案：With the development of industry, more and more greenhouse gases are produced and the earth is becoming warmer. As a consequence, the sea level is rising, which puts many coastal cities and animal habitats in danger. Global warming has become a serious challenge to mankind and animals, so it is high time that we took/should take measures to deal with it. Only by stopping treating the environment roughly can we live in harmony with it.
