1、SectionWarmup & Living in a CommunityLanguage Points betray vt.出卖；背叛；泄露(教材P134)He is betrayed by a family member.他被一名家庭成员出卖了。betray sb./sth.出卖/背叛某人/某物betray oneself 露出本来面目，原形毕露betray.by. 因而泄露betray.to. 向泄露；向出卖That man is likely to betray his friends to others.那家伙可能会(向他人)出卖朋友。She was saying something
2、 that would betray herself(her)她说话时露了自己的底。He betrayed his intention by his behavior.他的行为泄露了他的意图。 hand over把交给；移交(权力，责任)(教材P134)Friction between the familyrun business and the military government first became serious when the owner wouldnt hand over his “secret recipe”当拥有者不肯将他的“秘方”转交时，这个家族企业和军政府之间的摩擦
3、首次变得严重了。hand back交回；归还hand on 传递hand down 传给(后代)hand in 上交，提交hand out 分发，散发When will Professor Smith hand back our examination papers?史密斯教授什么时候会把考卷发还我们？Please hand on the documents to others.请把这份文件传递给他人。 turn to求助于；转向；翻到(书的某页)(教材P19)turn to the court for justice向法庭寻求正义turn away不准进入，拒绝；打发走turn down 拧
4、小；拒绝；调低turn in 上交，交还；获得turn out 生产；制造；证明是，结果是turn up 出现，到场turn over 翻转；移交All this may turn out to be impossible.这一切也许会被证明是不可能的。Ma Yun said he was turned down by Harvard 10 times after applying.马云说他十次申请哈佛都被拒绝了。He didnt turn up until half an hour later.半小时后他才出现。【导学号：14092009】 compromise n妥协；让步(教材P19)G
5、overnment minister announces compromise on new TV violence laws.政府部长宣布向新的电视暴力法让步。(1)make/reach/come to/arrive at compromise达成妥协，做出让步(2)compromise vi. 妥协，折中，让步compromise with sb. 向某人妥协compromise on sth. 就某事妥协In any relationship，you have to make a compromise.在任何关系中，你都得做出让步。After much argument，the judg
6、es finally compromised on (agreed to give the prize to)the 18yearold pianist.经过激烈争论，评委终于同意那个18岁的钢琴手获奖。They were unwilling to compromise with the military，so they continued to fight.他们不愿与军方妥协，所以他们继续作战。 out of control 失控(教材P19)Army arrests “out of control”civilians.军队逮捕“失控的”平民。(1)lose control of失去对的控制
7、in control of 掌握/控制take control of 控制，管理under control 处于控制之下under/in the control of 受的管理/控制(2)out of work 失业out of date 过时out of sight 看不见out of balance 失去平衡out of touch 失去联系The dictionary is out of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published.这本词典过时了：自从它出版以后许多新词被添加到这种语言中。
8、The family may lose control of the company.这个家族可能失去对公司的控制权。There has been some violence after the match，but the police are now in control of the situation.比赛后发生了一些暴力事件，但是现在警方已控制了局势。 expose vt.显露；暴露；使置身于危险中(教材P20)Yang Mings neighbours say they were being driven mad being exposed to such noise.杨明的邻居们说
9、处于这样的噪声中他们快要被逼疯了。(1)expose sb.to sth.使面临、使遭受(危险或不快)；使接触、体验(2)exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的be exposed to 处于可能受伤害的境地(3)exposure n. 暴露At the presidential debate on Monday night, roughly 100m Americans will be exposed to Mr Trumps magical thinking.在当地时间周一晚的总统竞选辩论中，大约1亿美国人将见识到特朗普的神奇思维。This problem is quite sens
10、itive that might not be exposed(expose) to the medium.这是一个非常敏感的问题，恐怕不应该告诉媒体。图形助记图解expose含义 classify vt.把分类(教材P20)Yang Ming hates being called an alcoholic，but it is the fact that people have classified his music as “noise” that upsets him most.杨明憎恨别人叫他酒鬼，但是实际上最让他伤心的是人们把他的音乐归类为“噪音”。(1)classify.into.把
11、分为classify.as. 把界定为classify.by. 按照分类(2)classified adj. 分类(级)的(3)classification n. 分类，分级Patients are classified into three categories.病人被归为三种类型。In law，beer is classified as a food product.在法律上，啤酒归在食品一类。Classified(classify) by size and color，the apples are put into boxes and shipped abroad.那些苹果按大小、颜色分
12、类之后，装箱、船运海外。 in a flash 瞬间；即刻(教材P20)He was up there in a flash.刹那间，他就在那儿了。(1)flash n闪光；闪现like a flash(in a flash) 转瞬间；立即(2)flash vt.& vi. 闪光；掠过；闪现flash back 回忆；回想flash by/past 飞逝It flashes upon sb.that. 某人突然想到Her thoughts flashed back to their wedding day.她回忆起他们婚礼那一天的情景。The morning has just flashed
13、by.这个上午转眼就过去了。.语境填词1She tried to seem angry, but she betrayed(betray) herself by smiling.2The cottage is in a very exposed(expose) position at the top of the hill.【导学号：14092010】3The millionaire has handed over 50 percent of his stock to his first son.4Chinese people never compromised with the Japane
14、se invaders.5The classified(classify) documents were preserved by the clerk.选词填空1The soldiers were_exposed_to the enemys gunfire.2The policeman arrived in time and caught the thief in_a_flash.3Whenever she was in trouble she turned_to him for help.4The plane got out_of_control and crashed in the mou
15、ntains.5You must hand_over your passport before you leave. (教材P20)Had_they known their neighbour was a drummer，they wouldnt have moved into the building.要是早知道他们的邻居是一名鼓手，他们就不会搬进这座大楼。【句式分析】本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，其正常语序为：If they had known their neighbour was a drummer，they.building.在虚拟条件句中，若从句谓语部分含有were，had，s
16、hould可将if省略，把were，had，should移到主语之前，形成部分倒装结构。虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法：从句谓语主句谓语与过去事实相反的假设had过去分词would/should/could/mighthave过去分词与现在事实相反的假设动词的过去式(be 动词用were)would/should/could/might动词原形与将来事实相反的假设were to do/should do/动词的过去式would/should/could/might动词原形If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting
17、till next Monday.如果他明天不来，我们就把会议推迟到下周一。If I were(be) you，I would seize the chance to go abroad.如果我是你，我就抓住这次出国的机会。If you had_taken(take) my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.如果你早听了我的建议，你考试就能通过了。 (教材P20)No_sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full nights s
18、leep.他们刚一搬进去，噪声就开始了，而且他们几乎没有睡过一个安稳觉。【句式分析】本句是and连接的并列句。前一个分句采用了倒装语序，相当于they had no sooner moved in than the noise began；后一个分句与前一个分句相似，因否定副词rarely置于句首而采用了部分倒装语序，可转化为they rarely got a full nights sleep。其中no sooner.than.为“一就”的意思。英语中，表示“一就”表达法很多，常用的有：(1)hardly/scarcely.when.(2)immediately/directly从句(3)t
19、he moment/the instant/the minute从句(4)each time/the first time/by the time从句(5)upon/on (doing) sth.He had hardly entered the classroom when the teacher began his lecture.他刚走进教室，老师就开始讲课了。He made for the door directly(direct) he heard the knock.一听到敲门声他就去开门了。On hearing(hear) the noise，he went out to see
20、 what was the matter.他一听见响声就出门看发生了什么事。 (教材P20)Wed be sitting there happily reading our newspapers，when suddenly so much water would come from above that wed be as wet as if wed showered with our clothes on！我们本来坐在那里开开心心地看报纸，突然间很多水从天而降，我们就好像穿着衣服洗澡一样全身都湿透了！【要点提炼】when在此句中用作并列连词，意为“这时”，相当于 and at that ti
21、me。(1)sb.was doing sth.when.某人正在做某事，这时(2)sb.was about to do sth.when. 某人正要做某事，这时(3)sb.was on the point of doing sth.when. 某人正要做某事，这时(4)sb.had just done sth.when. 某人刚做完某事，这时He was smiling when (suddenly) the door opened.他正在笑，这时门(突然)开了。I was about to go out when Tom came in.我正要出去，这时汤姆进来了。I was on the
22、point of sleeping(sleep) when the phone rang.我正要睡，这时电话响了。完成句子1假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样做的。_， you would do the same.2比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。_ it started raining.3我刚从厨房出来，突然有人敲门。I _ someone knocked at the door.【答案】1.Were you in my position2.Hardly had the game begun when3.had just walked out of the kitchen whenSmith lives
23、 above the McKays and it appears that not only is he a keen gardener，he is also a fish collector.【分析】这是一个由and连接的并列句。第二个并列分句又是一个主从复合句，在that引导的主语从句中包含一个not only.(but) also.连接的并列句，且not only置于句首，其后的句子用部分倒装语序。【翻译】_【答案】史密斯住在麦凯一家人的楼上，看起来他不仅热衷于园艺，还是个鱼类收藏家。倒装句和分裂句“it”阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法1Seldom has drumming caus
24、ed such conflict.2Had they known their neighbour was a drummer, they wouldnt have moved into the building.3Neither could they relax nor read a book without plugging their ears.4It was only after careful consideration that we gave Yang Ming a warning.5No sooner had they moved in than the noise began
25、and rarely did they get a full nights sleep.一、倒装倒装是将语句中的主语、谓语、宾语、状语等颠倒顺序的一种语法现象，常常具有强调语气，在英语中比较常见，也是高考中常考的一种语法。根据倒装的结构可以分为完全倒装和部分倒装。(一)完全倒装1there be句型属于完全倒装结构，该句型中be可换为appear，lie，live，stand，remain，exist等表示存在意义的动词。There is a bench under the big tree.那棵大树下有一个长凳。It is said that there lived a god called
26、 L Dongbin in ancient time.传说古代有一位神仙叫吕洞宾。2here，there等方位副词及now，then等时间副词位于句首，句子的谓语动词为come，go，leave，run等表示动作趋向或状态(be)的动词，且句子的主语不是代词时，句子完全倒装。Here is the book you want.你要的书在这儿。There goes the bell.铃声响了。3in，out，away，up，down，off等表示趋向的副词位于句首，且句子的谓语动词为go，fly，rush，run等表示动作的动词，且句子主语不是代词时，句子完全倒装。Away flew the b
27、ird.鸟飞走了。4表示方位的介词短语位于句首，句子谓语是表示存在意义的动词(如lie，stand，live，sit，exist等)时，句子主谓常用完全倒装。In front of the house sat an old man.房前坐着一位老人。5表语置于句首时，句子要完全倒装。其结构为“表语系动词主语”。Present at the meeting were experts on AIDS.出席会议的是艾滋病方面的专家。6分词(短语)置于句首时，句子要完全倒装。Seated in the front are the guests.坐在前面的是客人。Lying on the floor i
28、s a boy named Tom.躺在地上的是一个叫汤姆的男孩。(二)部分倒装1never，seldom，by no means，not until，rarely，hardly，at no time，scarcely，little，in no way等表示否定或半否定的词置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.母亲直到孩子睡着才离开房间。2only
29、状语(副词/介词短语/状语从句)在句首构成部分倒装。例如：Only in this way can you learn English well.只有这样，你才能学好英语。Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.叫了三次，他才来参加会议。名师点津(1)如果only后面不是状语，则不用倒装。(2)如果only后面是状语从句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。Only Tom can come up with a good idea to persuade her to change her mind.只有汤姆才能想出好办法
30、来说服她改变主意。Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.病得很重时，他才卧床休息。3so/such.that.结构中的so或such位于句首时，主句用部分倒装强调so/such和that之间的部分。So hot was the weather that we couldnt go to sleep.天这么热，我们都无法入睡。 4so，nor，neither置于句首，表示前面提到的情况也适用于后者，后面的句子用部分倒装结构。Mary has learned by heart 200 words，and so have I.玛
31、丽已经记住了200个单词，我也一样。I never play PC games；nor/neither do they.我从不玩电脑游戏，他们也不。名师点津(1)若两个动词的形式不一样，即表示两种不同情况时，则用so it is with.，it is the same with.。Jane is a good student and works hard.简是个好学生并且学习刻苦。So it is with Tom./It is the same with Tom.汤姆也是。(2)当so表示“确实，正是”，是对前句内容的肯定和附和时，用正常语序。The students work very
32、hard.学生们学习很努力。So they do.他们确实是这样。5在not only. but(also)，no sooner.than，hardly/scarcely.when中，not only，no sooner，hardly，scarcely置于句首时，not only，no sooner，hardly，scarcely后的句子要倒装，但but(also)，than，when后的句子不倒装。Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow.他刚到，天就下起雪来。Not only did he refuse the gift，but he also
33、 severely criticized the sender.他不但拒绝接受礼物，而且还严厉地批评了送礼者。6as引导让步状语从句时，从句须倒装；though引导让步状语从句时，从句可倒装。Tired as/though he was，he sat up late.尽管他很疲倦，但他很晚才睡。7在省略了引导词if的虚拟条件句中，当从句谓语为were，had，should时要将它们置于句首，从句用部分倒装结构。 Were I in your position，I would not go.我要是碰到你那样的情况，我是不会去的。名师点津部分倒装巧记口诀only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装；否定意义
34、副连词，位于句首须倒装；表示前置主语长，平衡结构常倒装；so和such置句首，此时主句要倒装；not only开头句，前一分句须倒装；had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。二、强调句型(分裂句“It”)(一)强调句型的基本结构Our country launched Shenzhou11 spaceship successfully on Oct.17, 2016 at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. 我国于2016年10月17日在酒泉卫星发射中心成功发射了神州11号飞船。It was our country that launched She
35、nzhou11 spaceship successfully on Oct.17,2016 at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. (强调主语)It was Shenzhou11 spaceship that our country launched successfully on Oct.17,2016 at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. (强调宾语)It was on Oct.17,2016 that our country launched Shenzhou11 spaceship successfully at Jiu
36、quan Satellite Launch Center. (强调时间状语)It was at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center that Our country launched Shenzhou11 spaceship successfully on Oct. 17, 2016. (强调地点状语)名师点津强调主语时，that/who后的谓语与被强调的主语在人称和数上保持一致。(二)强调句型的特殊结构1一般疑问式：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他？Was it in Shandong that Wang Yaping was born? 王亚平是
37、在山东出生的吗？2特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词is/was it that其他？When is it that they will leave for Beijing?他们什么时候动身去北京？3not until.强调句式：It is/was not until.that其他。It was not until midnight that they reached the camp site.直到午夜他们才到达宿营地。名师点津(1)“删减法”判断强调句。把“It is/was”和“that”删去后，可重新排列一下句子，如果句子结构完整，句意通顺，就是强调句，否则就不是强调句。It is Tom tha
38、t often helps me with my English.(强调句)It is strange that he did not come at all.(it作形式主语的主语从句)(2)It is/was.that.结构不能强调谓语，如需强调谓语，需用助动词do，does或did。He did write to you last week.上周他的确给你写信了。 .单句语法填空1Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized
39、.2Only when Lily walked into the office did she realized that she had left the contract at home.3It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.4There are(be) thousands of people on the square.5Were(be) I you, I would try it again.单句改错
40、1Hard although he tried, he didnt pass the exam._2Have I prepared well, I couldnt have lost the job._3It was in the park where an accident happened to the old man.【导学号：14092011】_4It was because the bus broke down on the way we missed the train._5So fast did light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed._【答案】1.although改为as或though2.Have改为Had3.where改为that4.we前面加that 5did改为does
