1、必 修 第 三 册 Unit 3 The world of science英 语 2023高 考 总 复 习 优 化 设 计 GAO KAO ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI 内 容 索 引背主题词汇 积写作素材通词句 基础自测提能力 增分课堂研真题链接高考测效果 课堂评价背主题词汇 积写作素材 主题:科技 单词发明1.invention n.发明2.papermaking n.造纸,造纸术3.printing n.印刷(术)4.steam engine蒸汽机5.telephone n.电话6.radio n.无线电,收音机科技发展1.technology n.技术2.tec
2、h-based adj.基于技术的3.development n.发展4.advance n.进步5.replace v.代替6.intelligent adj.聪明的,智能的7.solar adj.太阳的8.eco-friendly adj.环保的9.discovery n.发现科学精神1.solution n.解决方法2.spirit n.精神3.quality n.质量 4.research v.研究 5.leading adj.主要的,一流的 6.bravery n.勇气 7.scientific adj.科学的 8.question v.质问,询问 9.exploration n.探
3、索 词块 1.be regarded as被认为是 2.be known for因而著名 3.be awarded 获奖 4.be recognised as 被认定为 5.contribute to有助于 6.desire to do sth 渴望做某事 7.thanks to多亏,由于 8.beyond recognition无法辨认 9.a form of 的形式 10.be designed to do sth被设计做某事,旨在做某事 11.under the instructions of在的指导下 通词句 基础自测 教材单词必背写作词汇 1.v.射出(光、亮等),放射 2.n.渴望
4、,欲望 3.adj.被动的 4.prep.无法 5.n.例子,实例 6.adj.非凡的,出色的 7.adj.聪颖的,才华横溢的 8.n.药剂;疗法 9.v.起草,草拟 10.n.(科学)实验 11.n.记述,描述 draft experiment Account shoot desire passive beyond instance extraordinary brilliant cure 识记阅读词汇 1.gunpowder pass n.3.virtual adj.4.battery pute v.6.stuff n.7.chemist n.8.astronomer n.9.biolog
5、ist n.10.minor adj.火药 指南针,罗盘 虚拟的,模拟的 电池 计算 东西,物品 化学家 天文学家 生物学家 小的 11.origin n.12.species n.13.stream n.14.radium n.15.lightning n.16.fiction n.17.metal n.18.flash n.19.conduct v.20.gravity n.21.procedure n.起源,起因 物种 小河,小溪 镭(一种化学元素)闪电 虚构的事,想象的事 金属 闪光 传导(热、电)重力,引力 程序,步骤,手续 构织连脉词汇 1.v.按;压;逼迫n.按;压;印刷;新闻
6、n.压力;挤压;压迫(感)2.adj.易弯曲的,柔韧的 n.灵活性;弹性;适应性 3.adj.有能力的 n.才能,能力;性能,容量 4.adj.重要的,影响深远的 n.意义;意思;重要性;重要意义 5.vt.损害;伤害 n.伤害;损害 adj.受伤的 6.adj.准确的;精确的 n.精确;准确 adv.准确地;精确地 press pressure flexible flexibility capable capability significant significance injure injury injured accurate accuracy accurately 7.adj.小的
7、n.少数;少数民族 8.n.起源;由来;起因 adj.原来的 9.n.学说,理论 adj.理论的,理论上的 adv.理论地;理论上 10.adj.精神的;精神健康的 adv.精神上,心理上 11.n.声明,宣告 vt.宣布;声明;表明;宣称 12.v.系,绑;贴 adj.依恋的,附属于 13.adj.科学(上)的 adv.合乎科学地 n.科学 n.科学家 14.n.证明,证据 v.证明是;被发现是 minor minority origin original theory theoretical theoretically mental mentally declaration declare
8、 attach attached scientific scientifically science scientist proof prove 常用短语1.除此之外,另外 2.从方面来讲,就而言 3.被固定/附在上 4.发生 5.有能力做某事 6.以开始 7.毫无疑问,很可能 in addition in terms of be attached to take place be capable of doing sth start with no doubt 8.此刻,目前 9.导致 10.与一起 11.除之外 12.死于 13.得出结论 14.不止一个,很多 at the moment
9、lead to along with apart from die from draw a conclusion more than one 重点句型1.And now,we find ourselves in the great new age of technology.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】find+宾语+宾语补足语 2.More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.【尝试翻译】【
10、考点凝练】“more than one+单数可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数 而现在,我们发现自己正处于伟大的科技新时代。数代学生都叹服于他的勇气与追求真理时采用的科学手段。3.In fact,more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple,there is no proof that it hit him on the head.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】that引导同位语从句 事实上,不止一种说法表明,虽然牛顿的灵感来自一个掉落的苹果,但没有证据表明苹果击中
11、了他的头部。单元词句小测.单词小测 1.Tell your doctor the of the symptom so that he can give you the treatment.If you are not treated ,youll be in danger.(accurate)2.I dont know about the of life on the earth,but Im sure life on the earth must have gone through a long period.(origin)3.Most students think it to join
12、the English Corner,though a few havent realized the of it.(significance)accuracy accurate accurately origin original significant significance4.Rescuers said the were taken to a hospital nearby,andfortunately the were not serious,not life-threatening.(injure)5.She that she would not change her mind a
13、nd many citizens were strongly against her .(declare)injured injuries declared declaration.短语小测 1.(毫无疑问),Franklin,2.(与一起)many other scientists has inspired 3.(不止一个,很多)generation of schoolchildren.In his famous experiment,a metal key 4.(被固定在上)the string and then Franklin touched the key with his fing
14、er from which he 5.(得出结论)that lighting was a form of electricity.6.(就而言)science,this experiment may not exist,but it was their dedication to science that 7.them (导致)8.(想出,提出)the accurate scientific theory.No doubt along withmore than one was attached to drew the conclusion In terms of led to come up
15、 with.句型小测高考情境仿写 1.当我挣扎着站起来时,我发现自己在一个山洞里。(find+宾语+宾语补足语)When I struggled to get to my feet,I .2.鲁迅影响了不止一代的中国人。(more than one)of the Chinese people was influenced by Lu Xun.3.尽管他身体不好,但他总是努力工作。(that引导同位语从句)He always works hard in spite of the fact .found myself in a cave More than one generationthat h
16、e is not in good health 提能力 增分课堂 核心词汇突破 1.capable adj.有能力的;足以胜任的【练会】单句填空 A moral being is one who is capable of (reflect)on his past actions.These tests are beyond the (capable)of an average twelve-year-old.reflecting capability【写美】一句多译背诵 有了新机器,我们终于有能力把工作做好了。With the new machines we the job properly
17、.(capable)With the new machines we the job properly.(capability)【归纳】(1)be capable of(doing)sth有能力(做)某事(2)capability n.能力,才能 have the capability to do sth/of doing sth有做某事的能力【佳句】I believe she is capable of taking good care of herself.我相信她有能力照顾好自己。are finally capable of doing finally have the capabili
18、ty to do/of doing 2.desire n.渴望,欲望;渴求 v.希望得到;想要【练会】单句填空(2019全国卷)People who were owners of successful papers,had little desire (change)the tradition.We all share a common desire pleasure,connection and something that is greater than us.We desire that immediate help (give)to the local villagers who ha
19、ve been trapped by the flood.to change for be given【写美】完成句子背诵 既然你渴望学习中国文化,我认为北京语言大学是你的理想去处。Since ,I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.(应用文写作之建议信)you have a strong desire to learn Chinese culture【归纳】(1)have a desire to do sth/for sth渴望做某事/得到某物(2)desire to do sth渴
20、望/希望做某事 desire that.(should)do sth渴望做某事【点津】desire后接宾语从句、同位语从句或表语从句时,从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。that引导同位语从句【佳句】Its our desire that you(should)provide some money to fund our program,as well as offer us some practical suggestions.我们渴望你能为我们的项目提供一些资金,也提供一些实用的建议。3.injure v.使受伤,弄伤【练会】单句填空 A war (injur
21、e)has made his left hand stop functioning.After the accident,injured were taken to several nearby hospitals.【写美】句式升级背诵 My left foot was seriously injured,so I couldnt go with you as planned.,I couldnt go with you as planned.(with 复合结构)injury the With my left foot seriously injured【归纳】(1)injury n.伤害,
22、损害 do sb an injury=do an injury to sb使某人受伤害(2)injured adj.受伤的 get injured受伤 the injured伤员【佳句】I was wearing a seat belt.If I hadnt been wearing one,I would have been injured.我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带,我就会受伤了。4.cure vt.治愈,治好 n.疗法;治疗【练会】单句填空 After graduation,absorbed in studying traditional Chinese medicine,sh
23、ewanted to find cure for malaria.Professor Wang said the reason of shortsightedness is complicated and that there is still no excellent cure it.【写美】完成句子背诵 在父母和老师的帮助下,我纠正了一些坏的学习习惯,在学习上取得了进步。With the help of my parents and teachers,I _and made progress in my study.a for cured myself of some badlearnin
24、g habits【归纳】cure sb of sth治好某人的病;矫正某人的不良行为 a cure for sth疾病的治疗方法【佳句】Therefore,we should cure us of the habit that we only consult consumption ratings when we go shopping.因此,我们应该改掉购物时只参考消费排名的习惯。5.attach v.系;绑;贴;连接;使附属;使隶属【练会】单句填空 This hospital (attach)to the medical college nearby.She showed special
25、concern for the college students and attached much significance to (educate)them.【写美】完成句子背诵 众所周知,中国人非常重视餐桌礼仪。As is known to all,Chinese people table manners.(写作话题之餐桌礼仪)is attached educating attach great importance/significance to【归纳】(1)attach sth to sth把某物系/贴到某物上 attach oneself to sb/sth依附于某人;参加某事 a
26、ttach importance/significance to认为重要/有意义(to为介词)(2)attached adj.喜爱的;依恋的;附属的 be attached to依恋;爱慕;留恋;附属于【点津】attach.to.中的to为介词,其后跟名词、动词-ing形式等。6.in addition除此之外;另外【练会】单句填空 In addition to (read)for knowledge,we read for fun and inspiration.(2019北京卷)Interestingly,this trend isnt evident in baseball,where
27、(addition)individual talent keeps improving the teams performance.(2019全国卷)(additional),sitting on the grass and enjoying the tasty food and drinks provided by sponsors,we will be fully absorbed in the attractive and fascinating performances.reading additional Additionally【写美】完成句子背诵 你需要钱和时间,此外还需要努力。
28、You need money and time;,you need hard work.【归纳】(1)in addition to除之外,还(=as well as=besides)except(=but)除外(其余都)apart from(=except/besides)除之外(2)additional adj.额外的,附加的(3)additionally adv.另外,此外【点津】in addition相当于一个副词,表示递进关系,后面跟逗号。in addition to是一个介词短语,后面接名词或动词-ing形式。in addition 7.in terms of 依据;按照;在方面;以
29、措辞【练会】单句填空 the long term,the main factor for prices will be production costs.(2021全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areasboth terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics.【写美】完成句子背诵 如果你能给我提供一些如何与室友保持良好关系的建议,我将不胜
30、感激。I would be grateful if you could give me some advice on how to .(应用文写作之求助信)In in be on good terms with my roommates【归纳】in the short term从短期来看;就眼前来说 in the long term从长远来看 on ones own terms按照自己的条件 be on good terms with与关系良好 come to terms with.妥协;达成协议【佳句】In terms of working experience,I have a great
31、 advantage over others.从工作经验来讲,我比其他人有很大的优势。补遗缺 微点练全.一词多义根据语境写出句中黑体词的词性和含义 1.account I will open an account in the bank.Im writing to give you a detailed account of my trip.The wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase.It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a f
32、irst impression while what you say just 7 per cent.n.账户n.描述v.解释v.占(比例)2.flash The lightning flashed and distant thunder rolled.His name was flashed up on the screen.A terrible thought flashed through my mind.The countryside flashed past the train windows.There was a blinding flash and the whole buil
33、ding shuddered.v.闪耀,闪光 v.(使)闪现,显示 v.突然想到;猛然想起 v.飞速运动;掠过 n.闪光.单句语法填空 3.theory,these machines should last for ten years or more.4.There are a number of improvements;instance,both mouse buttons can now be used.In for 重点句型透视 find+宾语+宾语补足语【教材原句】And now,we find ourselves in the great new age oftechnology.
34、而现在,我们发现自己正处于伟大的科技新时代。【练会】单句填空 A cook will be immediately fired if he is found (smoke)in the kitchen.The old man found his hometown much (change).Sadly,she found herself (trap)in one unhappy marriage.smoking changed trapped【写美】完成句子背诵 使她欣喜若狂的是,她发现自己一夜成名了。To her wild joy,she overnight.【归纳】“find+onesel
35、f+宾语补足语”指不知不觉地发现自己处于某种状态。常表示意料之外的情况。宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词充当。【佳句】When he woke up,he found himself in hospital.当他醒来时,发现自己在医院里。found herself famous 研真题 链接高考(2019全国卷,完形填空)科技发展与信息技术创新 The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from la
36、te September to mid-March 41 six months out of the year.“Of course,we 42 it when the sun is shining,”says Karin Ro,whoworks for the towns tourism office.“We see the sky is 43,but down in the valley its darkerits like on a 44 day.”But that 45 when a system of high-tech 46 was introduced to reflect su
37、nlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below.Wednesday,residents(居民)of Rjukan 47 their very first ray of winter sunshine:A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 48.The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 49 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 50 and
38、 to close during windy weather.Theyreflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the towns central 51,creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters.When the light 52,Rjukan residents gathered together.“People have been 53 there and standing there and taking 54 of each other,”Ro says.“The town
39、 square was totally 55.I think almost all the people in the town were there.”The 3,500 residents cannot all 56 the sunshine at the same time.57,the new light feels like more than enough for the towns 58 residents.“Its not very 59,”she says,“but it is enough when we are 60.”理清脉络 真题再做 41.A.only B.obvi
40、ously C.nearlyD.precisely 42.A.fearB.believe C.hearD.notice 43.A.emptyB.blue C.highD.wide 44.A.cloudyB.normal C.differentD.warm 45.A.helpedB.changed C.happenedD.mattered 46.A.computersB.telescopes C.mirrorsD.cameras 47.A.rememberedB.forecasted C.receivedD.imagined 48.A.repairB.risk C.restD.use 49.A.
41、forbidsB.directs C.predictsD.follows 50.A.dayB.night C.monthD.year 51.A.libraryB.hall C.squareD.street 52.A.appeared B.returned C.fadedD.stopped 53.A.drivingB.hiding C.campingD.sitting 54.A.pictures B.notes C.careD.hold 55.A.newB.full C.flatD.silent 56.A.blockB.avoid C.enjoyD.store 57.A.InsteadB.How
42、ever C.GraduallyD.Similarly 58.A.nature-lovingB.energy-saving C.weather-beatenD.sun-starved 59.A.bigB.clear C.coldD.easy 60.A.tryingB.waiting C.watchingD.sharing 41.C 解析 根据上文提到的“from late September to mid-March”可知,Rjukan有将近(nearly)六个月接受不到阳光照射。only“唯一的;仅有的”;obviously“明显地”;precisely“精确地;恰好地”。42.D 解析 根
43、据下文中的“We see the sky is.”可知,当太阳照耀的时候,居民们注意到(notice)了这一点。fear“畏惧;害怕”;believe“相信”;hear“听到”。故选D项。43.B 解析 当太阳照耀时,天空是蓝色的(blue);但在山谷中,天空就暗下来了。44.A 解析 根据上文中的“but down in the valley its darker”可知,此处表示就像是阴天(cloudy)一样。normal“正常的”;different“不同的”;warm“温暖的”。45.B 解析 根据下文中的“their very first ray of winter sunshine”
44、可知,Rjukan的居民们享受到了第一缕暖阳,近半年得不到太阳照射的现象得以改变(changed)。46.C 解析 根据下文中的“The mirrors are controlled by a computer that.”可知,小镇安装了高科技的反射镜(mirror)系统。computer“电脑”;telescope“望远镜”;camera“照相机”。47.C 解析 根据下文中的“their very first ray of winter sunshine”可知,小镇装上了高科技反射镜系统,居民们得以接收到了(received)冬季第一缕阳光的照射。48.D 解析 根据上文中的“A row
45、 of reflective boards on a nearbymountainside”可知,反射板被用来反射阳光,此处用固定搭配put.to use,意为“利用”。故选D项。49.B 解析 根据上文可知,这些反射镜由一台电脑控制,电脑可根据太阳位置的变化,指挥(directs)反射镜旋转。50.A 解析 电脑根据一整天(throughout the day)中太阳位置的变化,指挥反射镜旋转,以有效反射附近山峰上的太阳光。night“夜晚”;month“月份”;year“年”。51.C 解析 根据下文中的“The town square was totally 55.”可知,此处指反射镜系
46、统将集中的光线反射到小镇的中心广场(square)上,形成近600平方米的光区。52.A 解析 根据上文中的“creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 squaremeters”可知,当光线出现(appeared)的时候,小镇居民从四周聚集而来。return“返回”;fade“褪去,失去光泽”;stop“停止”。53.D 解析 根据上文可知,居民聚集到广场,或坐(sitting),或站,互相拍照。54.A 解析 见上题解析。take pictures“拍照”;take notes“记笔记”;takecare“照顾”;take hold“抓住”。55.B
47、解析 根据下文中的“I think almost all the people in the town werethere.”可知,来到广场上的居民很多,因此整个广场是满的(full)。56.C 解析 根据上文可知,广场上的人很多。由此可推测,3,500位居民无法同时享受(enjoy)阳光。block“阻止;阻塞”;avoid“避开,避免”;store“贮存”。57.B 解析 根据下文中的“more than enough”可知,此处表示转折,因此选B项,意为“然而”。instead“代替”;gradually“逐步地,渐渐地”;similarly“相似地;类似地”。58.D 解析 根据上文可
48、知,居民近半年时间享受不到阳光照射,所以此处表示渴望阳光的(sun-starved)居民。59.A 解析 根据上文以及下文中的“but it is enough”可知,反射过来的阳光面积并不大(big)。60.D 解析 此处表示虽然阳光面积不大,但也足够居民们分享(sharing)。try“尝试”;wait“等待”;watch“观看”。语言能力 1.掌握构词知识 词根 派生 词性及词义 例句 situated The small town of Rjukanin Norway is situatedbetween several mountains and does not get direc
49、t sunlight from late September to mid-Marchnearly six months out of the year.situate adj.位于的;坐落在的2.猜测生僻词词义 Wednesday,residents(居民)of Rjukan received their very first ray of winter sunshine:A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to use.3.牢记熟词生义 单词 词性及词义 例句 introduce But that cha
50、nged when a system of high-tech mirrors was introducedto reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below.光线vt.引进,首次引入 4.仿写经典句型 They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the towns central square,creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters.仿写:他卖掉了农场,从而获得了足够的旅行费用。He s
51、old his farm,thus for his journey.gaining enough money 5.破解复杂句式 The mirrors are controlled by a computer that directs them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather.分析:句子主干为 ;thatdirects them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close duringwindy
52、 weather为 语从句,修饰先行词 ,其中to turnalong with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather作 语,补充说明宾语them,them指代的是 。译文:The mirrors are controlled by a computer定a computer宾语补足the mirrors这些镜子由一台电脑控制,电脑会指挥它们全天随太阳转动,并在刮风的天气里关闭。测效果 课堂评价.熟词生义 1.flexible 项目 意义 例句 熟义 adj.Dancers and gymnasts need
53、to be very flexible.生义 adj.Our plans need to be flexibleenough to cater for the needs of everyone.柔韧的能适应新情况的;灵活的2.stuff 项目 意义 例句 熟义 n.The chairs were covered in some sort of plastic stuff.生义 v.All the drawers were stuffed full of letters and papers.3.stream 项目 意义 例句 熟义 n.There was a small stream at
54、the end of the garden.生义 v.There were tears streaming down his face.物品塞满,装满小河,小溪流出,涌出.单句语法填空 A组 基础必练 1.I am now feeling young at heart both physically and (mental)!2.It is impossible to say with any (accurate)how many are affected.3.(original),we had intended to go to Italy,but then we won the trip
55、to Greece.4.Excessive dosage of this drug can result in (injure)to the liver.5.The opening speeches sounded more like (declare)of war than offerings of peace.mentally accuracy Originally injury declarations B组 高考链接 6.(2020全国卷)Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running,research shows,whil
56、e most likely contributing to fewer (injure).7.(2020新高考全国卷)The participants followed suit,taking more food than they normally would have.However,they took (significant)more when the actor was thin.8.(2021新高考全国卷)Popularization has in some cases changed the (origin)meaning of emotional(情感的)intelligenc
57、e.injuries significantly original 9.(2020江苏卷)The daily number of newly (cure)and discharged(出院)patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed cases.10.(2021新高考全国卷)We hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the (science)and scholarly study of emotion.cured scientific.短语填空 along with
58、,in addition,be attached to,be capable of,in terms of,take place,diefrom,at the moment,no doubt 1.Though he was affected by gradual blindness soon after the performance,Henry still writing compositions.2.It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated _overall quality.3.One day,when I op
59、ened my book,I found a beautiful card the first page,giving me best wishes.4.You will succeed in your scientific research by making great efforts.was capable of in terms of attached to no doubt 5.Nowadays,cycling,jogging and swimming,is regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.6.To ou
60、r joy,the hotel itself can hold 70 guests and,there are several self-cooking apartments.7.All of us are amazed by the fact that so many people diseases related to smoking.8.After the biggest earthquake in Japan,the international rescuers devoted all their energies to searching for survivors but unfo
61、rtunately they found only several bodies.9.Miss Brown has something important to do .Please leave her alone.in addition die from took place at the moment along with.微语法填空 As is known to us all,the environment 1.(pollute)seriously over the past decades,which has become a major public concern.There is
62、 no doubt that its high time for us to do something for the environmental protection.Luckily,people have been aware of the importance of protecting the environment and some effective measures 2.(take)to prevent the environment from going bad to worse.For instance,new laws 3.(make)to punish those who
63、 do harm to the environment.has been polluted have been taken have been made More and more new technology 4.(use)to protect the environment.Besides,people 5.(educate)to live a low-carbon life to save energy.So we do believe that through our continuous efforts,we can make our Earth a more harmonious
64、and beautiful home to live in.has been used have been educated.话题微写作(黑体部分用本单元词汇表达)【写作素材】1.约翰有强烈的学习科学的愿望,并且对科学充满热情。(desire)2.如果给他机会,他会全身心地投入并享受这项非凡的工作。(extraordinary)3.此外,他非常重视英语学习和汉语学习,因此他精通英语和汉语,这使他能够毫无困难地与他人交流。(in addition,attach importance to,capable)4.最后但并非最不重要的是,他是一个如此努力和细心的人,他将帮助完美地进行实验。(condu
65、ct,experiment)【连句成篇】将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。答案 John has a strong desire to learn science and is enthusiastic about science.He will be devoted to and enjoy the extraordinary work if he is given the chance.In addition,he attaches importance to English learning and Chinese learning,so he has a good command of both English and Chinese,which makes him capable of communicating with others without any difficulty.Last but not least,he is such a hard-working and careful person that he will help to conduct the experiments perfectly.
