1、过去完成时观察例句1Whats more，he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that.2After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.3At that time，people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at t
2、he same time.4It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.归纳用法过去完成时的动作需在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在“过去的过去”。1过去完成时的构成过去完成时是由“had过去分词”构成的。Soon I realized I had made a serious mistake.我很快就意识到我犯了一个严重的错误。The man sitting beside me on the plane was very nervous.He h
3、ad not flown before.飞机上坐在我旁边的人很紧张。他以前从没乘过飞机。2过去完成时的用法“已完成”的用法：表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by引导的时间状语或以before，until，when，than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。By 5：00 yesterday morning we had done that work.到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the
4、office.老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。名师点津在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。The train (had) started before I reached the station.在我到达车站之前，列车已经开了。After he (had) arrived in England，Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。“未完成”的用法：表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这一过去的时
5、间，还可能再持续下去。Up to that time all had gone well.直到那时一切都很顺利。John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。“想象性”的用法过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，主要用在if引导的和过去事实相反的条件句以及wish，as if引导的从句中。If she had worked hard，she would have succeeded.要是她努力的话，她就会成功了。(事实上她没努力，也没成功。)I wish I
6、 had gone with you to the concert.我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。表示“刚刚就”过去完成时常用在hardly/scarcely/barely.when.，no sooner.than.等结构中，表示“刚刚就”。Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。名师点津intend，mean，hope，want，plan，suppose，expec
7、t，think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。I had meant to come，but something happened.我原本打算来的，但有事发生了。3过去完成时与一般过去时的比较一般过去时表示过去某个时间的动作或状态。过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前，因此它在时间上表示的是“过去的过去”。Yesterday I returned the book that I had borrowed.昨天我归还了借的书。He didnt know a thing about the verb，for he had not studied h
8、is lessons.他对动词一无所知，因为他没有好好学习功课。I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.我在车站等了20分钟后车才来。.单句语法填空1By nine oclock last night，we had got(get) 200 pictures from the spaceship.2He said he had worked(work) in that factory since 1949.3Until then he had known(know) nothing about it y
9、et.4It was the third time that he had been(be) out of work that year.5They arrived(arrive) at the station at ten yesterday.短文语法填空I still remember last winter，1.when I woke up in the morning，it 2.had stopped(stop) snowing.Looking outside of the window，the shiny white snow on our lawn 3.had been clean
10、ed(clean) by my father.I closed the book that I 4.had borrowed(borrow) from local library and went downstairs for breakfast.Then my little brother came to tell me that he 5.had finished(finish) all his homework and he had 6.a very nice dream the night before.During the breakfast，one of my best friends came to visit my family.She went to Australia last year.7.Before that she 8.had prepared(prepare) for the examination of University of Sydney for half a year.During her study，she 9.had learned(learn) the culture and 10.professional(profession) knowledge in her field.4
