1、北京十一学校高三学部五月教与学质量诊断英语学科总分：100分 时长：90分钟第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。The TurnaroundAnxiously I looked through the roster (花名册) posted on the wall. My body _1_ as I saw all my friends names but did not find mine. I could feel the tears
2、 building in my eyes. I felt _2_ inside, like nothing mattered.When I got back home, my father noticed my sullen walk and gloomy face, and asked me what was wrong.“All my friends _3_ the school team. Everyone! Except me” I stammered.“Well, what are you going to do about it? Are you just going to sit
3、 there?” he asked.I didnt know what to say, just shaking my head. I thought hard for thirty minutes about what my dad said, and it started making _4_. Nobody was going to give me a _5_ on that team. I would have to earn it._6_, there was a gym near my school, so as soon as school was over, I biked t
4、o the gym and trained hard. I ran, dribbled, and shot until I _7_ on the floor every single day. There were moments when I didnt think I could keep on going, but I _8_ through it. After all, I thought, hard work beats talent when talent doesnt work hard.After almost a year, I tried out for my sevent
5、h-grade team with great confidence. Regardless of the outcome, I knew that I had worked hard and learned something about mental _9_. The next day, seeing my name printed in large bold letters, I realized I made it. The greater the effort, the _10_ the reward, and I officially made a turnaround.1. A.
6、 frozeB. changedC. shookD. expanded2. A. calmB. lonelyC. nervousD. dead3. A. madeB. supportedC. acceptedD. celebrated4. A. historyB. troubleC. senseD. way5. A. taskB. spotC. handD. reward6. A. AccidentallyB. ConvenientlyC. TemporarilyD. Honestly7. A. rolledB. movedC. struggledD. collapsed8. A. sawB.
7、 walkedC. poweredD. looked9. A. toughnessB. flexibilityC. well-beingD. suffering10. A. purerB. funnierC. sweeterD. quicker【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Mrs. Bailey was important in the e
8、ducational journey that carried me through school and into my profession. Until I joined her class, I_11_(doubt) my ability as a writer. She persuaded me to join the poetry society and lit in me a fire for literature. She recognized_12_(I) potential and showed me that I could write with creativity a
9、nd enthusiasm. Because of the confidence she inspired_13_me, Ive carved out a successful profession as a journalist.【答案】11. had doubted 12. my 13. inB阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Some university students carried out a campaign_14_they celebrated their whole day witho
10、ut cell phones. This move was to improve their relationships with their near and dear ones and to keep them away from the virtual life._15_(study) indicate that a majority of young people used their phones during lessons, over family meals or even at the cinema. The problem of phone_16_(addict) has
11、been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists_17_(try) to increase awareness about this problem.【答案】14 where 15. Studies 16. addiction 17. tryingC阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The tiger shark_18_(consider) to be one of the most dangerous sharks i
12、n the world. Why are tiger sharks so dangerous? First, they like to live in waters where humans usually swim,_19_the chance of an encounter are much greater. Second, tiger sharks are so strong and aggressive that they can easily hit a person. And third, tiger sharks have teeth perfectly_20_(design)
13、for cutting their food, so it is certain that the danger will be disastrous.【答案】18 is considered#has been considered 19. so 20. designedAThe STAR Eco Station is an environmental science museum, a wildlife rescue center, and a shelter for endangered and illegally-traded foreign animals confiscated (没
14、收) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. It carries out the mission “Preservation through Education” by educating visitors about the preservation of the environment and the inter-dependence of all living things.Field tripsSTAR Eco Station hosts field trips for schools and camps throughout Southern
15、California. Each field trip lasts two hours, consisting of a one-hour gathering and a one-hour tour of the facility, with lessons associated with California State Science Standards.Throughout the field trip, students learn about the latest developments in environmental protection and the ways in whi
16、ch wildlife interacts with various ecosystems. The students also receive an up-close and hands-on experience with our rescued foreign wildlife. The tour includes different environmental exhibits that showcase the ways students can help protect animals in the wild.Field trips are offered on weekdays
17、only, from 10 a.m.-12 p.m. or 12 p.m.-2 p.m. The rate is $6 per visitor, both child and adult, with a $120 minimum. We offer one free adult per 10 children for groups of 40 or more. Maximum capacity is 120 people per field trip.Public toursGuided tours of the STAR Eco Station introduce visitors to o
18、ver two hundred rescued foreign wildlife. Each tour is led by an Eco Station staff member, and features fun animal facts, hands-on animal encounters, surprising rescue stories, environmental exhibits, and original approaches to going green. Visitors may only see the animals on a guided tour, for bot
19、h your safety and the safety of our animals.The guided tour lasts approximately 45-60 minutes. Public tours are offered on Saturday and Sunday, from 10 a.m.-4 p.m. (last tour begins at 3 p.m.). Our guided public tours start every hour on the hour. Visitors are served on a first-come, first-served ba
20、sis. No reservations are required. However, tours may sell out. We suggest larger groups schedule a private tour.Note:Our regular public tours times are subject to change without notice. Please call in advance for the most up-to-date information.21. The STAR Eco Station aims to _ .A. help research w
21、ildlife abroadB. raise awareness of wildlife protectionC. collect money for animal sheltersD. provide a knowledge of unusual animals22. What can students do during a field trip?A. Make a speech on the environment.B. Take part in foreign wildlife rescue.C. Get to know why species get endangered.D. Le
22、arn how living things affect each other.23. For a guided tour, visitors should know that_.A. large groups are served firstB. it is available on weekdaysC. its time could changeD. booking is needed【答案】21. B 22. D 23. CBPreschool Girl Lifts Old Mans SpiritsWhen Tara Wood brought her daughter to a groc
23、ery store to buy the four-year-old some cupcakes, she had no idea that would be a life-changing experience.As Tara pushed her daughter Norah around the store last month, she passed an old man who was by himself. The old man looked cold, until Norah shouted to him, “Hi! Its my birthday today!” The ma
24、n stopped and his demeanor changed from distant and serious to warm and friendly. “How old are you today?” the man asked. After some time talking together, Norah asked her mom to take a picture of her with her new friend “Mr. Dan”, Dan Peterson, 82. They hugged and after ten minutes went their separ
25、ate ways. That could have been the end of the story. But it is actually the beginning of a special relationship.Tara posted the picture of her daughter and Mr. Dan on Facebook and someone who recognized him reached out to her with his contact information. It turned out that Mr. Dans wife died in Mar
26、ch and he had been suffering from depression and anxiety ever since. The person on Facebook told Tara that it was the first time they had seen Mr. Dan smile since the death of his wife. Knowing that, Tara contacted Mr. Dan, and ever since Norah and the 82-year-old have developed a friendship unlike
27、any other. “She has shown me a depth of love, a depth that I didnt know existed,” Mr. Dan told the reporter.Mr. Dan told Tara that before meeting Norah, he hadnt had one night of uninterrupted sleep. Anxiety kept him up at all hours and made him restless. After meeting Norah, he said he now sleeps s
28、oundly. For Mr. Dans 82nd birthday on October 20, the mother and the daughter brought balloons and presents and, of course, cupcakes. Mr. Dan will also spend a day around Thanksgiving with Norah and her family. “If you dont take the time to notice people, you will never know how you can positively i
29、mpact a life,” Tara Wood said.24. Mr. Dan looked cold because _.A. he felt lonelyB. he disliked little kidsC. nobody had hugged himD. he knew little about Norah25. How did Tara know more about Mr. Dan?A. From a news reporter.B. From a stranger.C. From a shop assistant.D. From his neighbor.26. What c
30、an we learn from the story?A. Giving makes a real difference.B. It is important to respect each other.C. We should not judge a person at first sight.D. Good things will happen if one keeps trying.【答案】24. A 25. B 26. AC“Does my smile look big in this?” Future fitting-room mirrors in clothing stores c
31、ould subtly adjust your reflection to make you lookand hence feelhappier, encouraging you to like what you see.Thats the idea behind the Emotion Evoking System developed by Shigeo Yoshida and colleagues at the University of Tokyo in Japan. The system can manipulate, or in other words, control your e
32、motions and personal preferences by presenting you with an image of your own smiling or frowning face.The principle that physiological changes can drive emotional onesthat laughter comes before happiness, rather than the other way aroundis a well-established idea.The researchers wanted to see if thi
33、s idea could be used to build a computer system that manipulates how you feel. The system works by presenting the user with a web-camera image of his or her faceas if they were looking in a mirror. The image is then subtly altered with software, turning the corners of the mouth up or down and changi
34、ng the area around the eyes, so that the person appears to smile or frown.Without telling them the aim of the study, the team recruited 21 volunteers and asked them to sit in front of the screen while performing an unrelated task. When the task was complete, the participants rated how they felt. Whe
35、n the faces on screen appeared to smile, people reported that they felt happier. On the other hand, when the image was given a sad expression, they reported feeling less happy.Yoshida and his colleagues tested whether manipulating the volunteers emotional state would influence their preferences. Eac
36、h person was given a scarf to wear and again presented with the altered webcam image. The volunteers that saw themselves smiling while wearing the scarf were more likely to report that they liked it, and those that saw themselves not smiling were less likely.The system could be used to manipulate co
37、nsumers impressions of products, said the researchers. For example, mirrors in clothing-store fitting rooms could be replaced with screens showing altered reflections. They also suggest people may be more likely to find clothes attractive if they see themselves looking happy while trying them on. “I
38、ts certainly an interesting area,” says Chris Creed at the University of Birmingham, UK. But he notes that using such technology in a shop would be harder than in the lab, because people will use a wide range of expressions. “Attempting to make slight differences to these and ensuring that the refle
39、cted image looks believable would be much more challenging,” he says.Of course, there are also important moral questions surrounding such subtly manipulative technology. “You could argue that if it makes people happy, what harm is it doing?” says Creed. “But I can imagine that many people may feel m
40、anipulated, uncomfortable and cheated if they found out.”27. Whats the main purpose of the Emotion Evoking System?A. To see whether laughter comes before happiness.B. To see whether ones facial expressions can be altered.C. To see whether ones feeling can be unconsciously affected.D. To replace the
41、mirrors in future clothing-store fitting rooms.28. What can we learn about the web-camera image in the study?A. It gave the volunteers a false image.B. It attempted to make the volunteers feel happier.C. It recorded the volunteers performance in the task.D. It beautified the volunteers appearance in
42、 the mirror.29. What does Creed mention as a limitation of the technology?A. It only works in clothing stores.B. It only makes subtle changes to peoples expressions.C. It only changes the areas around the mouth and the eyes.D. It only deals with a limited number of facial expressions.30. What does C
43、reeds comment on the moral issues with this technology imply?A Nothing is more important than happiness.B. Technology is unable to manipulate people.C. People should neglect the harm of the technology.D. People should have the right to make decisions independently.【答案】27. C 28. A 29. D 30. DDFor sev
44、eral decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have
45、 been right about most things.Stressing successes isnt wrong, but for many people its not persuasive. An alternative answer to the question “Why trust science?” is that scientists use the so-called scientific method. If youve got a high school science textbook lying around, youll probably find that
46、answer in it. But what is typically thought to be the scientific method develop a hypothesis (假设), then design an experiment to test it isnt what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different
47、things.If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the reason for trust in science? The answer is how those claims are evaluated. The common element in modern science, regardless of the specific field or the particular methods being used, is the strict scrutiny (审查) of claims. Its th
48、is tough, sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligation (责任) to find faults.A key aspe
49、ct of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, its thousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much
50、if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science the more people looking at a claim from different angles is important.Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are humans. There is always the possibility of revising a claim o
51、n the basis of new evidence. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it
52、explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (矛盾的): that science produces both novelty and stability. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.31. How does the author think of the scientific method?A. Stable.B. Persuasive.C.
53、Unreliable.D. Unrealistic.32. What does the underlined word “vetted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Explained.B. Examined.C. Repeated.D. Released.33. According to the passage, the author may agree that _.A. it is not persuasive to reject those faulty claimsB. settled science tends to be collectivel
54、y overturnedC. a leading expert cannot play a decisive role in a scrutinyD. diversity in knowledge is the common element in science34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Put Your Faith in ScienceB. Defend the Truth in ScienceC. Apply Your Mind to ScienceD. Explore A Dy
55、namic Way to Science【答案】31. C 32. B 33. C 34. A第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。My, what a big beak you have!For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses
56、 may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. _35_ In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger be
57、aks (喙), legs and ears.In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. _36_All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “Alle
58、ns rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. _37_ Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid
59、 of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the
60、 cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the changes. _38_ The team combined data from different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart f
61、rom living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation._39_ That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, for instance. Larger wings
62、are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.A. However, looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer.B. For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%.C. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors.D. It seems that the future world i
63、s going to be hotter than humans are used to.E. Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals bodies.F. Such adaptations boost an animals surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat.G. Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice a
64、nd bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings.【答案】35. C 36. G 37. F 38. A 39. B第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。In life, once on a path, we tend to follow it, for better or worse. Whats sad is that even if its the latter, we often follow a certain pat
65、h anyway because we are so used to the way things are that we dont even recognize that they could be different. Psychologists call this phenomenon functional fixedness.This classic experiment will give you an idea of how it works and a sense of whether you may have fallen into the same trap:People a
66、re given a box of tacks (大头钉) and some matches and asked to find a way to attach a candle to a wall so that it burns properly. Typically, the subjects try tacking the candle to the wall or lighting it to fix it with melted wax (石蜡). The tacks are too short, and the candle doesnt fasten to the wall.
67、So how can you accomplish the task? The successful technique is to use the tack box as a candle holder. You empty it, tack it to the wall, and stand the candle inside it.To think of that, you have to look beyond the boxs usual role as a container just for tacks and reimagine it serving an entirely n
68、ew purpose. That is difficult because we all suffer to one degree or another from functional fixedness. The inability to think in new ways affects people in every corner of society. The political theorist Hannah Arend coined the phrase frozen thoughts to describe deeply held ideas that we no longer
69、question but should. In Arendts eyes, the complacent reliance on such accepted “truths” also made people blind to ideas that didnt fit their worldview, even when there was ample evidence for them. Frozen thinking has nothing to do with intelligence, she said, “It can be found in highly intelligent p
70、eople.”Another context in which frozen thinking can turn truly dangerous is medicine. If you land in the hospital, its natural to want to be treated by the most experienced physicians on staff. But according to a 2014 study in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), youd be better of
71、f being treated by the relative novices.40. What does “functional fixedness” mean?41. How is the candle attached to the wall?42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.Frozen thinking is common among ordinary people but less found in those wit
72、h high IQ.43. How can you avoid frozen thoughts in your daily life? (In about 40 words)【答案】40. It means we are used to the way things are that we dont even recognize that they could be different. 41. The successful technique is to place it into the emptied tack box that is fastened to the wall. 42.
73、Frozen thinking is common among ordinary people as well as those with high 10 although frozen thinking has much to do with intelligence. Because frozen thinking has nothing to do with intelligence. 43. There are two ways to avoid frozen thoughts. Firstly, I can talk to people who disagree with me, w
74、hich is good for my brain. Whats more, I always think outside the box, which can broaden my thinking in countless ways.第二节（20分）44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。毕业在即，同学们想请曾在你班学习的英国学生Jim录制一段视频。作为班长，请你给Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.视频内容；2.其它相关事项。注意：1词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】参考范文：Dear Jim,How are you d
75、oing? Its been a while and we all miss you. I m writing to invite you to join us in a special event.You know, well graduate in June. Its a pity that you cant be present at the graduation ceremony. But we do hope you can attend in a different way. Would you like to record a short video to express you
76、r wishes? And itll be great if you also share with us your life in Britain. I bet the video will be a hit at the ceremony and its bound to bring back fond memories of our time together.Sounds fun, right? Please email it to me by next Sunday, and if you need assistance of any kind, Id be more than happy to help.Yours,Li Hua.
