1、专题四 语法填空第二节 无提示词类(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years 61._(long)than non-runners.You dont have to run fast or for long 62._(see)the benefit.You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63._(die)early by running.While running regu
2、larly cant make you live forever，the review says it 64._(be)more effective at lengthening life 65._walking，cycling orswimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66._showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths
3、from all 67._(cause)The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise.its probably running.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to 68._(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap，easy and its always 69._(energy)If you
4、 are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give 70._a try.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了跑步的益处，号召我们尝试一下这种运动方式。61解析：考查副词的比较级。句中的 than 是比较级的标志，故填 long 的比较级 longer。答案：longer62解析：考查非谓语动词。此句意为“你不必跑得很快，也不必跑很长时间就见到效果”，不定式短语 to see the benefit 作
5、目的状语。答案：to see63解析：考查非谓语动词。介词 of 后接动词时要用其动名词形式。答案：dying64解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境知这里用一般现在时，主语 it 是第三人称单数形式，故谓语动词用 is。答案：is65解析：考查介词。根据句中的比较级 more effective 可知，这里是把 running 与 walking，cycling，swimming 进行比较，故填 than。答案：than66解析：考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指物的 a study，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词 that 或 which。答案：that/wh
6、ich67解析：考查名词复数。cause 表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，前面有 all，故填 cause 的复数形式。答案：causes68解析：考查词性转换之名词变动词。此处不定式短语作目的状语，故填 strength 的动词形式 strengthen。答案：strengthen69解析：考查词性转换之名词变形容词。连系动词is 后接形容词作表语，故填 energy 的形容词形式energetic。答案：energetic70解析：考查名词或代词。此处号召我们尝试一下这种运动，因此可以填名词 running，也可以用 it 指代。give sth.a try“尝试一下某事”。答案：runn
7、ing/it一、常见命题形式高频考点介词01题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词冠词01题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词从属关联词02题。侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句也偶有涉及低频考点并列连词01题。并列句的关联词也偶有涉及其他01题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do，does，did；构成部分倒装的do，does，did；构成一般疑问句的do，does，did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(before，ago，however，anyway.)等二、命题特点根据对设空句子和前后句的结构分析
8、和理解，确定设空处缺少什么句子成分，主要情况有下面6种：缺主语或宾语，填代词或名词(多考代词)。名词前面很可能是填限定词，多填冠词。句子不缺主语、表语，动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词、代词或动名词前面填介词。若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。若两句之间没有连词，也没有句号填连词。若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，可能填助动词。无提示词的题目采用“二定”解题法。真题例析1(2018全国卷，节选)While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it 64.is more effective at
9、 lengthening life 65._ walking，cycling or swimming.65解析：考查介词。句子不缺主语、表语，动名词前面填介词；根据句中的比较级 more effective 可知，这里是把 running 与 walking，cycling 及 swimming 进行比较，故填 than。答案：than真题例析2(2018全国卷，节选)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66._ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day o
10、f running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67.causes66解析：考查定语从句的关系词。空前是完整的单句结构，空后动词 ed 形式，分析句子结构和语义逻辑关系可知，所填词应是关系代词作主语，引导定语从句，修饰 a study，故填关系代词 that 或 which。答案：that/which真题例析3(2018全国卷，节选)If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as o
11、ther sports，so perhaps we should all give 70._ a try.70解析：考查名词或代词。空前是谓语动词，空后为名词，动词 give 后可以接双宾语；语义是号召我们尝试一下这种运动，因此可以填名词 running，也可以用 it指代。give sth.a try“尝试一下某事”。答案：running/itPassage 1(2019全国卷)On our way to the house，it was raining 61._hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take 62._(g
12、et)there.It was in the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63._dogs，seven to be exact.They were well trained by their masters 64._ had great experience with caring for these animals.Our hostsshared many of their experiences and 65._(recommend)wonderful places to eat
13、，shop，and visit.For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66._(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.They also shared with us many 67._(tra
14、dition)stories about Hawaii that were 68._(huge)popular with tourists.On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69._(invite)to attend a privateconcert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，70._(listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假在寄宿家庭的经历。61解
15、析：考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so.that.”意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。故填 so。答案：so62解析：考查不定式。此处考查“it takes sb.some time to do sth.”结构，用非谓语动词，故填 to get。答案：to get63解析：考查介词。a pack of 意为“一群”。答案：of64解析：考查定语从句。先行词为 masters(主人)，且从句缺主语。故关系词填 who。答案：who65解析：考查一般过去时。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关
16、系，时态一致。故填recommended。答案：recommended66解析：考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词 an 与空格后的不定式 to watch 可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填 competition。答案：competition67解析：考查形容词。空格修饰名词 stories，应用形容词形式，tradition 的形容词为 traditional，故填traditional。答案：traditional68解析：考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge 的副词为 hugely，故填hugely。答案：hugely69解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“
17、on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意可知我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为 we，故填 were invited。答案：were invited70解析：考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以空处动词 listen 应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由 we 发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由 and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and 后 meeting interesting locals 为分词形式，故空格处填 listening。答案：listeningPass
18、age 2(2018全国卷)Im not sure 61._is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.Unexpectedly，Im face-to-face with the gorilla，who begins screaming at 62._top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream，
19、and then a 400-pound male appears.He screams the 63._(loud)of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beatshis chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid 64._(look)directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 65._(challenge)My name is Mireya Mayor.Im a 66._(science)wh
20、o studies animals such as apes and monkeys.I was searching 67._these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.No one had seen them for hours，and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find 68._(they)alive.True to agorillas unaggressi
21、ve nature，the huge animal 69._(mean)me no real harm.He was just saying：“Im king of this forest，and here is your reminder！”Once his message was delivered，he allowed me 70._(stay)and watch.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者和大猩猩突然面对面接触，谁更害怕呢？61解析：考查从属连词。句意：我不确定谁更害怕，是我还是那只雌猩猩答案：who62解析：考查冠词。at the top of“在的顶部”，为固定搭配。答案：
22、the63解析：考查副词的比较等级。由空前的 the 以及空后的 all 可知要用最高级。答案：loudest64解析：考查非谓语动词之动名词。avoid doing sth.避免做某事。avoid 后面可以接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式作宾语。答案：looking65解析：考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。连系动词 feel 后要接形容词作表语。challenged adj.受到挑战的；challenging adj.困难的，富有挑战性的。由语境可知，填challenged。答案：challenged66解析：考查词性转换之名词构词法。由空后的who 可知，定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词。scientist“科学家”。答案：scientist67解析：考查介词之固定搭配。search for“寻找”，为固定搭配。答案：for68解析：考查代词之人称代词。分析句子结构可知，此处要用代词作 find 的宾语，故要用人称代词的宾格。they 的宾格为 them。答案：them69解析：考查时态。由语境可知，此处事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时态。答案：meant70解析：考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，为固定搭配。答案：to stay
