1、上海市华东师范大学附属东昌中学2021届高三英语上学期12月阶段测试试题（含解析）I. Listening Comprehension (共25分；1-10每题1分；11-20每题1.5分)Section A1. A. Excited. B. Dissatisfied. C. Bored. D. Exhausted.2. A. 7:00. B. 7:10. C. 9:00. D. 9:10.3. A. A cook. B. A shop assistant. C. A saleswoman. D. A waitress.4. A. At a gas station. B. In a works
2、hop.C. At an art gallery. D. In a department store.5. A. He hasnt had a chance to meet Kathy yet. B. Kathy had already told him the news.C. He didnt know that Kathy was being moved.D. His new office will be located in New York.6. A. The woman wants to go to Toronto. B. The man wants to go to Vancouv
3、er.C. There are no flights to Toronto. D. There are two direct flights to Toronto.7. A. She should do more careful work. B. She is not concerned about Georges remarks.C. George does not care about her. D. George shouldnt have said much about her.8. A. She cant afford that much for a trip. B. She is
4、fortunate to have made a lot of money.C. She doesnt think 15,000 dollars is enough for the trip.D. She considers 15,000 dollars only a small sum of money.9. A. Playing tennis. B. Writing a term paper.C. Gathering materials. D. Holding a meeting.10. A. The man was seriously injured in the car acciden
5、t.B. The man had poor imagination because of the car accident.C. The man wasnt wearing the seat belt when the accident happened.D. The mans daughter advised him to wear the seat belt before he left home.Section BQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Future researchers. B.
6、 College students.C. Company employees. D. Successful artists.12. A. To teach the listeners how to work hard.B. To enable the listeners to get better salaries.C. To prepare the listeners for their future life.D. To encourage the listeners to seize opportunities.13 A. Kindness. B. Diligence. C. Willi
7、ngness. D. Interest.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The benefits of walking. B. The importance of keeping fit.C. The way of forming a habit. D. The possibility of excising regularly.15. A. Because it needs much thinking. B. Because people can improve their memory.C.
8、 Because it is suitable for everyone. D. Because people neednt concentrate on it.16. A. It is the easiest way to lose weight. B. It can be made part of peoples life.C. It can make peoples hearts stronger. D. It prevents people suffering from cancers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following
9、 conversation.17. A. He has just been back from South America. B. He has been burnt for a few hours.C. He has been surfing the Internet for long. D. He has been doing school work all night.18. A. To look for something interesting for pleasure.B. To meet new friends in the net chatroom.C. To release
10、pressure from heavy work. D. To look for information for his project.19. A. Quite a few sites are just old event calendars.B. Its a waste of time to surf the Internet.C. A lot of information can be found. D. A lot of friends can be made on the Internet.20. A. People spend much time talking about oth
11、er interests.B. It takes long to find things because of many useless sites.C. It is hard to start chatting with others in the chatroom.D. Its hardly the best source of information available.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (共20分，每题1分)Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blank
12、s to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Taking a shower is relaxing. You can hum a song, daydream or think about nothing, leavin
13、g the real world behind you. But do you know that showering _1_ also benefit your mind?A research by Scott Barry Kaufman, a psychologist from Yale University in the US interviewed over 3,000 people around the world. _2_ turned out that nearly two-thirds of the interviewees said they experienced new
14、ideas in the shower and were more likely to have them in the shower than at work. So why does a simple shower have such magic power? Science can explain it.Showering can help to raise our level of dopamine, a hormone _3_(relate) to our creativity. “People _4_(vary) in terms of their level of creativ
15、ity according to the activity of dopamine”, explained Alice Flaherty, a famous American neuroscientist. “Taking a warm shower can make us feel relaxed and therefore make the dopamine level rise and bring Aha! moment to us.”_5_ the chemical changes, showering may give you a break from what you feel y
16、ou have been stuck with. Especially when you _6_(think) hard all day about a problem, jumping into the shower can keep you from the outside world so that you can focus on your inner feelings and memories. In this way, according to American psychologist Shelley H. Carson, author of Your Creative Brai
17、n, “a showering hour may turn into an incubation (孵化) period for your ideas.”Compared with sitting in front of a computer, taking a shower is something we do _7_(frequently) in our daily life. When showering, we get a fresh experience with the change of location, temperature and humidity. “New and u
18、nexpected experiences can lead to positive changes in thinking,” explained Kaufman. “Getting off the couch and jumping in the shower may create a distance and force you to think from a new perspective.”Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices of our minds, but it neednt just be in the bathro
19、om that you get your inspiration. For instance, Gertrude Stein, _8_ female American writer and poet, got new ideas by driving around a farm and stopping at different cows _9_ she found the one that most inspired her. So try to create your own way to free your mind, _10_ its a walk near the ocean, a
20、country drive or reading a book at home.【答案】1. can 2. It 3. related 4. vary 5. Besides 6. have thought/have been thinking 7. less frequently 8. a 9. until 10. whether【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要列举说明淋浴对人的身心有益。【1题详解】考查情态动词。句意：但是你知道吗，淋浴也可以有益于你的头脑？分析句空处所在句是宾语从句，从句中主谓宾都有，且句意明了，而空后动词是动词原形，所以空处应填情态动词，又根据句意可知，空处是can，故填
21、can。【2题详解】考查代词。句意：结果显示，近三分之二的受访者表示，他们在淋浴时体验到了新的想法，而且更有可能在淋浴时体验到，而不是在工作时。分析句子，it做形式主语，真正的主语是that之后的从句，故填It。【3题详解】考查非谓语。句意：淋浴可以帮助我们提升体内多巴胺的水平，这种激素是与我们的创造力有关。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语，且空前没有连词连接，所以空处是非谓语，be relatedto 为固定短语，本句为过去分词作后置定语。故填related。【4题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：根据多巴胺的活动，人们的创造力水平会有所不同。分析句子，句中没有谓语，所以空处应是动词作谓语，又因句中
22、讲述客观事实，所以时态用一般现在时，且与主语是主动关系，故填vary。【5题详解】考查介词。句意：除了那些化学变化之处，淋浴还可以让你暂时摆脱困扰你的事情。分析句子，空后是名词，空后句子主谓宾都有，空处应填介词，又根据句意，可知这里是表递进，又位于句首，故填Besides。【6题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：尤其是当你一整天都在思考一个问题的时候，冲个澡可以让你远离外面的世界，这样你就可以专注于你的内心感受和记忆。分析句子，空处所在从句没有谓语，所以空处需填动词作谓语，又根据句意可知，句中时态应用现在完成时，也可以用现在完成进行时，又因与主语是主动关系，故填have thought/have
23、 been thinking。【7题详解】考查副词比较级。句意：与坐在电脑前相比，我们在日常生活中洗澡的次数不是那么频繁。分析句子，句中compared with说明是将坐在电脑前与淋浴相比较，且根据句意可知不是那么频繁，故填less frequently。【8题详解】考查冠词。句意：例如，Gertrude Stein，一位美国女作家兼诗人在农场里开车，在不同的牛群前停留，直到找到最能激发她灵感的牛群，从而产生了新的想法。分析句子，空后是名词且为单数，根据句意，此处泛指“ 一位美国女作家兼诗人”，所以空处需填不定冠词，又因空后单词第一个字母发音不是元音而是辅音，故填a。【9题详解】考查连词。句
24、意：例如，美国女作家和诗人Gertrude Stein，在农场里开车，在不同的牛群前停留，直到找到最能激发她灵感的牛群，从而产生了新的想法。分析句子空前后是两个句子成分完整的句子，所以空处需要填连词，又根据句意可知，是表时间关系，故填until。【10题详解】考查连词。句意：所以不管是要去海边走走，在乡间开车还是在家看书，试着创造自己的方式去解放头脑。分析句子，空前后是句子，所以空处应是连词，根据句意，连词表让步，意为whether.or ,“不管(还是)”引导让步状语从句，故填whether。Section B Directions: Complete the following passa
25、ge by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. scaleB. uniqueC. costD. distanceE. demonstrateF. intrudeG. diagnosesH. alarmingI. threatenJ. falseK. crucialThe human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of fa
26、cial features helps people recognize each other and is _11_ to the formation of complex societies. So is the faces ability to send emotional signals, whether through an involuntary yawn or a(n) _12_ smile. People spend much of their waking lives reading faces. Technology is rapidly catching up. In A
27、merica facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers attendance. In 2017, Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game.Although faces are _13_ to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, _14_ on something that is private. And yet th
28、e ability to record, store and analyze images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast _15_ promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.Start with privacy. One big difference between faces and other biological data, such as fingerprints, is that they
29、work at a(n) _16_. Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial-recognition programs to use. Photographs of half of Americas adult population are stored in databases that can be used by the FBI to track criminals, but at enormous potential _17_ to citizens privacy.The face is not just a name-ta
30、g. It displays a lot of other information and machines can read that, too. Again, that promises benefits. Some firms are analyzing faces to provide automated _18_ of rare genetic disorders far earlier than would otherwise be possible. But the technology also threatens. Researchers at Stanford Univer
31、sity _19_ that, when shown pictures of one gay man, and one straight man, the system could identify their sexuality correctly 81% of the time. Humans managed only 61%. In countries where homosexuality is a crime, software which promises to infer sexuality from a face is a(n) _20_ prospect.【答案】11. K
32、12. J 13. B 14. F 15. A 16. D 17. C 18. G 19. E 20. H【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人脸识别技术在社会各个领域中的应用情况。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：惊人的面部特征多样性帮助人们互相识别，并且对复杂社会的形成至关重要。根据上文is可知空处作表语，结合句意表示“至关重要”可知应填形容词crucial。故填crucial。故选K。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：面部传递情感信号的能力也同样如此，无论是通过无意识的打哈欠还是虚假的微笑。修饰后文名词smile，结合句意表示“虚假的”应用形容词false。故填false。故选J。【13题
33、详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然脸是个人独有的，但它们也是公开的，所以乍一看，技术不会侵犯隐私。根据上文are可知空处作表语，结合句意表示“独有的”应用形容词unique。故填unique。故选B。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：虽然脸是个人独有的，但它们也是公开的，所以乍一看，技术不会侵犯隐私。空处作谓语，结合句意表示“侵犯”可知应填动词intrude，此处为否定陈述句，应填动词原形。故填intrude。故选F。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，廉价、快速和大规模地记录、存储和分析人脸图像的能力，承诺有一天会给隐私、公平和信任的概念带来根本性的变化。结合句意表示“大规模地”可知短语为on a v
34、ast scale。故填scale。故选A。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：人脸和指纹等其他生物数据的一大区别在于，它们的工作距离较远。结合句意表示“有相当距离，在远处”可知短语为at a distance。故填distance。故选D。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：美国一半成年人的照片被存储在数据库中，联邦调查局可以利用这些数据库来追踪罪犯，但这可能会给公民的隐私带来巨大的潜在损失。空处作宾语，结合句意表示“损失”应用不可数名词cost。故填cost。故选C。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：一些公司正在通过分析人脸来为罕见的遗传疾病提供自动诊断，这比其他方法可能提供的时间要早得多。空处作宾语，结
35、合句意表示“诊断”应用名词diagnosis，diagnosis为可数名词，此处前文没有冠词，应用复数diagnoses。故填diagnoses。故选G。【19题详解】考查动词。句意：斯坦福大学的研究人员证明，当展示一个男同性恋和一个异性恋男子的照片时，系统可以正确识别他们的性取向，准确率达81%。空处作谓语，结合句意表示“证明”应用动词demonstrate，陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词用原形。故填demonstrate。故选E。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：在同性恋是一种犯罪行为的国家，能从人脸推断出性取向的软件前景令人担忧。修饰后文名词prospect，结合句意
36、表示“令人担忧的”应用形容词alarming，作定语。故填alarming。故选H。III. Reading ComprehensionSection APlacebos（安慰剂）Prove PowerfulMany doctors know the story of “Mr. Wright”. In 1957 he was diagnosed with cancer, and given only days to live. He had tumours（肿瘤）the size of oranges. He heard that scientists had discovered a new
37、 medication, Krebiozen, that was _21_ against cancer, and he begged the doctor to give it to him. His physician, Dr Phillip West, finally agreed. After Mr. Wright had been given an injection on a Friday afternoon, the _22_doctor found his patient out of his “death bed”, joking with the nurses the fo
38、llowing Monday. “The tumours”, the doctor wrote later, “had _23_ like snow balls on a hot stove.”Two months later, Wright read medical reports that the medication was fake. His condition immediately got worse again. “Dont _24_ what you read in papers,” the doctor told Wright. Then he injected him wi
39、th what he said was “a new super-refined double strength” version of the drug. _25_,there was no drug, just a mix of salt and water, but again it worked. Wright was the picture of health for another two months until he read an official report saying that Krebiozen was _26_. He died two days later.Th
40、is story has been _27_ by doctors for a long time, dismissed as one of those strange tales that medicine cannot explain. The idea that a patients _28_ can make a fatal disease go away has been thought of as too strange. But now scientists are discovering that the placebo effect is more powerful than
41、 anyone had ever thought. They are also beginning to discover how such miraculous results are _29_. Through new techniques of brain imagery, it can be shown that a thought, a belief or a desire can cause chemical processes in the brain which can have powerful effects on the _30_. Scientists are lear
42、ning that some body reactions are not caused by information coming into the brain from the outside world, but by what the brain _31_ to happen next.Placebos are “lies that _32_,” said Dr Anne Harrington, a historian of science at Harvard University. “The word placebo is Latin for “I shall please” (o
43、r I shall make you happy) and it is typically a treatment that a doctor gives to _33_ patients to please them,”she said. “It looks like medication, but has no healing ingredients whatsoever.” Nowadays, doctors have much more powerful medicines to fight disease. But these treatments have not diminish
44、ed（减弱）the power of the placebo, quite the _34_. Maybe when scientists fully understand how placebos work, the powerful healing effects of the human _35_will be used more systematically!21. A. vagueB. uniqueC. effectiveD. impossible22. A. astonishedB. disappointedC. exhaustedD. experienced23. A. expa
45、ndedB. meltedC. accumulatedD. moved24. A. take downB. look forC. make outD. care about25. A. ActuallyB. MoreoverC. MeanwhileD. Consequently26. A. beneficialB. popularC. worthlessD. available27. A. studiedB. ignoredC. inventedD. spread28. A. strugglesB. promisesC. rightsD. beliefs29. A. achievedB. ne
46、glectedC. emphasizedD. mixed30. A. brainB. doctorC. bodyD. process31. A. advisesB. expectsC. instructsD. forbids32. A. healB. hurtC. existD. fade33. A. optimisticB. carefulC. peculiarD. anxious34. A. pointB. oppositeC. timeD. adventure35. A. relationB. strengthC. beingD. mind【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24
47、. D 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。通过Wright先生的故事，说明了安慰剂虽没有治疗成分，但有强大作用。这主要是和大脑会预期发生什么事有关。21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他听说科学家们发现了一种新的药物克氏菌素(Krebiozen)，可以有效地治疗癌症，于是他请求医生给他服用。A. vague模糊的；B. unique独特的；C. effective有效的；D. impossible不可能的。根据后文中，他听说此药物无效后病情恶化，可知，此处是听说药物对病情
48、有效，所以才请求服用的。故选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医生惊讶地发现他的病人已经从“死亡之床”上爬了起来。A. astonished吃惊的；B. disappointed失望的；C. exhausted筋疲力尽的；D. experienced熟练的。Wright先生从“死亡之床”上爬起来，可知医生应该是非常的惊讶。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：像滚烫的火炉上的雪球一样融化了。A. expanded扩大；B. melted融化；C. accumulated积累；D. moved移动。根据常识可知，雪球在火炉上会融化。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词短语。句意：不要
49、在意你在报告上读到什么。A. take down记下；B. look for寻找；C. make out理解；D. care about在意。Wright先生在医学报告上看见其实那个药物没有效果，病情恶化，此处医生应该是说不要在意报告上的话。故选D。【25题详解】考查副词。句意：事实上，没有药物，只有盐和水的混合物，但它又起作用了。A. Actually事实上；B. Moreover而且；C. Meanwhile同时；D. Consequently因此。医生说那是一种新的超精炼的双倍强度的药物，但“实际上”它并没有药效。故选A。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Wright的健康状况又持
50、续了两个月，直到他读到一份官方报告，说Krebiozen毫无价值。A. beneficial有益的；B. popular流行的；C. worthless无价值的；D. available可获得的。Wright看到报告后两天就去世了，可知他看到的应该是不好的消息，则Krebiozen是毫无价值的。故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个故事长期以来一直被医生们忽视，被认为是医学无法解释的奇闻异事之一。A. studied研究；B. ignored忽视；C. invented发明；D. spread 伸展。这个现象无法解释，而且很奇怪；直到后来科学家发现安慰剂作用真的很强大，也开始去探究
51、它们为什么有那么大的功效。可知，这个无法解释的问题以前一直被忽视，后来科学家才探究它。故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：认为病人的信念可以使绝症消失的想法一直被认为太奇怪了。A. struggles斗争；B. promises约定；C. rights权利；D. beliefs信念。安慰剂没有治疗作用，病人们的好转只能是因为他们的信念，故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们也开始去发现这些神奇的结果是如何被实现的。A. achieved完成，实现；B. neglected 忽视；C. emphasized强调；D. mixed 混合。根据后文可知，此处说的是科学家们去探究
52、安慰剂是如何实现有治疗作用的，即那些结果是怎样被实现的。故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过大脑成像的新技术，可以证明，一个想法、一个信念或一个愿望可以引起大脑中的化学过程，对身体有强大的影响。A. brain头脑；B. doctor医生；C. body身体；D. process过程。根据上文可知，人的信念、想法对身体状况有很大影响，故此处说的是这些想法引起大脑中的化学过程，对身体有着很大影响。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：而是由大脑预期接下来会发生什么引起的。A. advises建议；B. expects预料；C. instructs命令；D. forbids禁
53、止。空前说的是一些身体反应不是由外界信息进入大脑引起的，而根据空后的happen next，故此处是说大脑对接下来会发生什么进行预期。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：安慰剂是“可以治愈的谎言”。A. heal治愈；B. hurt使疼痛；C. exist生存；D. fade逐渐消失。安慰剂虽没有治疗作用，但却可以让病人们好转，所以安慰剂是有治愈作用却是谎言一般的存在。故选A。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它通常是医生为了让焦虑的病人高兴而给他们的一种治疗。A. optimistic乐观的；B. careful仔细的；C. peculiar罕见的；D. anxious焦虑的
54、。根据前面提到，安慰剂这个词在拉丁语里的意思是“我会让你高兴”，可知它应该是为了让“焦虑的”病人高兴起来。故选D。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这些治疗并没有削弱安慰剂的作用，恰恰相反。A. point要点；B. opposite对立面；C. time时间；D. adventure冒险。quite the opposite 恰恰相反。治疗没有削弱安慰剂的作用，反而更有助于病情好转，此处指情况正好相反。故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人类大脑强大的治愈作用将会被更系统地使用!A. relation关系；B. strength力量；C. being存在；D. mind大脑。
55、根据上文可知，安慰剂本身没有治疗作用，身体好转是人类大脑的原因，故此处说的是人类“大脑”强大的治愈作用。故选D。Section B(A)We went to the T. B. Blackstone Library, not far from Lake Michigan. You could easily miss the building if you didnt know what you were looking for. But once you were inside, you could never mistake it for anything else. We passed t
56、hrough two sets of heavy brass doors to the lobby of the library. And if we turned right then, we could see an alcove with tables; this led, in turn, to a big reading room with a gigantic and ancient globe that sat in front of the largest windows. I liked to look at Africa, with the coded colours of
57、 the different countries like the Belgian Congo and Rhodesia, and try to remember which countries were fighting to be free just as we were struggling for civil rights. I had heard Daddy talking about the struggle, arguing with the television as someone discussed it on a news show.One Saturday, as I
58、wandered through the young adult section, I saw a title: Little Women, by Louisa May Alcott. I could tell from looking at the shelf that shed written a lot of books, but I didnt know anything about her. I had learned from experience that titles werent everything. A book that sounded great on the she
59、lf could be dull once you got it home, and every bad book I brought home meant one less book to read until we went back in two weeks. So I sat in a chair near the shelves to skim the first paragraphs:Christmas wont be Christmas without any presents, grumbled Jo, lying on the rug.Its so dreadful to b
60、e poor! sighed Meg, looking down at her old dress.I dont think its fair for some girls to have plenty of pretty things, and other girls nothing at all, added little Amy, with an injured sniff.Weve got Father and Mother and each other, said Beth contentedly from her corner.It was a good thing Id alre
61、ady decided on some other books to take home, because I didnt look through the rest of the section that day. I read and read and read Little Women until it was time to walk home, and, except for a few essential interruptions like sleeping and eating, I would not put it down until the end. Even the f
62、reedom to watch weekend television held no appeal for me in the wake of Alcotts story. It was about girls, for one thing, girls who could almost be like me, especially Jo. It seemed to me a shame that she wasnt Black; then our similarity would be complete. She loved to read, she loved to make up pla
63、ys, she hated acting ladylike, and she had a dreadful temper. I had found a kindred spirit.36. What can be learned about the authors father according to Paragraph One?A. He was uncomfortable discussing politics with his children.B. He had strong feelings about the Civil Rights movement.C. He did not
64、 approve of most news covered on TV.D. He generally had a pessimistic world view.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph Two that the author is most likely to agree _.A. books seem duller when read in libraries than when read at homeB interesting books are often very dull in their first few paragraphs
65、C. novels are usually more interesting than nonfiction worksD. book titles can sometimes be misleading38. The author quotes some lines from Little Woman in an attempt to _.A. convey the impact of an unexpected discoveryB. describe a young readers sense of historyC. illustrate the characters in the b
66、ookD. explain a childs misunderstanding39. The author lists several things about Jo primarily to _.A. challenge an interpretationB. highlight some differencesC. stress a comparisonD. develop a disapproving opinion【答案】36. B 37. D 38. A 39. C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文中主要记叙了作者无意中阅读了Louisa May Alcott的小妇人一书，这本书让作者着迷，
67、除了睡觉和吃饭等一些必要的干扰外，一直读到最后才罢休。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“I liked to look at Africa, with the coded colours of the different countries like the Belgian Congo and Rhodesia, and try to remember which countries were fighting to be free just as we were struggling for civil rights. I had heard Daddy talking about t
68、he struggle, arguing with the television as someone discussed it on a news show.(我喜欢看非洲，不同国家用不同的颜色标记，比如比属刚果和罗得西亚，并试着记住哪些国家在为自由而战，就像我们在为民权而战一样。我曾听爸爸谈论过这场斗争，就像新闻节目中有人讨论和争论的一样)”可推知，作者父亲对民权运动有强烈的感情。故选B。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“I had learned from experience that titles werent everything. A book that sounded g
69、reat on the shelf could be dull once you got it home, and every bad book I brought home meant one less book to read until we went back in two weeks.(我的经验告诉我，书名并不代表一切。一本在书架上听起来很棒的书，一旦你把它带回家，可能就会变得乏味，而我带回家的每一本坏书，都意味着在我们两周后回去之前，可以读的书少了一本)”可推知，作者很可能同意书名有时会误导人。故选D。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“One Saturday, as I w
70、andered through the young adult section, I saw a title: Little Women, by Louisa May Alcott. I could tell from looking at the shelf that shed written a lot of books, but I didnt know anything about her.(一个星期六，我在青年区闲逛，看到了一个标题：Louisa May Alcott的小妇人。我看了看书架就知道她写了很多书，但我对她一无所知)”以及最后一段中“I read and read and
71、read Little Women until it was time to walk home, and, except for a few essential interruptions like sleeping and eating, I would not put it down until the end. Even the freedom to watch weekend television held no appeal for me in the wake of Alcotts story.( 我读啊，读啊，读小妇人，一直读到该回家的时候。除了睡觉和吃饭等一些必要的干扰外，我
72、一直读到最后才罢休。在奥尔科特的故事之后，甚至周末看电视的自由对我也没有吸引力)”可推知，作者在文中引用了小妇人中的几句话，是在试图传达一项意外发现的影响。故选A。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It was about girls, for one thing, girls who could almost be like me, especially Jo. It seemed to me a shame that she wasnt Black; then our similarity would be complete. She loved to read, she love
73、d to make up plays, she hated acting ladylike, and she had a dreadful temper. I had found a kindred spirit.(首先，它是关于女孩的，那些几乎可以像我一样的女孩，尤其是Jo。在我看来，她不是黑人是一种耻辱；这样我们就完全相似了。她喜欢读书，喜欢编剧本，讨厌表现得像个贵妇人，她的脾气糟透了。我找到了一个志趣相投的人)”可推知，作者列出了一些关于Jo的事情，主要是为了强调作者与Jo的比较。故选C。(B)“Getting even” is becoming increasingly popular
74、 as life gets more stressful. Here are some of the stories.Story A After a long-running conflict between neighbors, one of the families went on vacation for two weeks in the summer. The other neighbor took advantage of their absence to put two pints of maggots, the young form of flies, through the n
75、eighbors letter slot on the front door. The family returned to a house full of flies.Story D An 80-year-old woman was in court, charged with shoplifting. The judge asked her what she had stolen. “A can of peaches,” replied the woman. “How many peaches were in the can?” asked the judge. She replied t
76、hat there were six. “Then III give you six days in jail,” said the judge. Before he had time to continue, the womans husband added. “She also stole a can of peas.”Story B Rude customers tend to drive staff in restaurants crazy. One chef confessed that after a customer had demanded that the sauce be
77、removed from his burger, she licked the sauce off it and then sent it back to the customer.Story C A computer technician was angered when his temporary position was terminated so he deliberately brought down five of eight network servers. All the data in the servers was deleted and none was recovera
78、ble. As a result the company was forced to shut its New York office for two days and suffered losses of more than S100,000.Story E A doctor was called out at 2 a.m. to visit a patient who lived on the outskirts of town. When he arrived, he discovered that it was not, in fact, an emergency, and the p
79、atient could easily have waited until the next day to visit him in his office. Imagine the patients surprise when the doctor dropped by in the early hours of the following morning to check if he was OK!40. Where can you most probably read this?A. In News Daily.B. In our English textbook.C. In a book
80、let distributed by a travel agency.D. In a magazine intended to provide entertainment.41. Which of the following pictures best illustrates Story A?A. B. C. D. 42. The best title of _ can be Commitment to the Profession.A. Story B. B. Story C. C. C. Story D. D. Story E. 【答案】40. D 41. B 42. D【解析】这是一篇记
81、叙文。主要描述了几个加倍“报复”的故事。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Here are some of the stories.”，这里有几个这样的故事，可知文章主要在描述故事，而故事主题是关于报复的，所以是给人提供娱乐的，D项表示文章会出现在在一本意在娱乐的杂志上，符合题意，故选D项。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据Story A中“The other neighbor took advantage of their absence to put two pints of maggots, the young form of flies, through the neighbors l
82、etter slot on the front door.” 另一个邻居利用他们不在家的机会，在邻居家前门的投信孔里放了两品脱的蛆虫一种苍蝇的幼虫。可知，图B符合故事A，故选B项。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据故事E中的“A doctor was called out at 2 a.m. to visit a patient who lived on the outskirts of town.” 一位医生在凌晨两点被召去看望一位住在市郊的病人。和“Imagine the patients surprise when the doctor dropped by in the early hou
83、rs of the following morning to check if he was OK!” 可以想象一下，当医生第二天凌晨来检查病人是否没事时，病人有多惊讶! 可知医生非常敬业，符合题意，故选D项。(C)For the first time in my life I have been dumped by a friend. I should have seen it coming: the phone calls not returned, the excuses about not feeling very sociable right now. Yet the letter
84、suggesting that the time had come for us to move on still came as a shock.Tula and I had been firm friends for nearly ten years. We met at a singing workshop and took on each other immediately. But life changed for both of us: I got married and she responded to her single status by developing a fres
85、h set of social networks. Then she took a long holiday, reviewed her life and decided what to keep and what to throw out. In her letter she described our friendship as a borderline case and suggested it should be time we let each other go.Im all for letting go of bad habits and boxes of old school e
86、xercise books. But surely close friends are not consumer goods to be discarded or replaced at the first hint of trouble? We are encouraged to believe that friends will be around forever. Youve got a friend, sang Carole King and Ill be there for you promised the theme tune of Friends. Such sentiments
87、 have sunk deep into the collective unconsciousness, or into mine, at least.Certainly, the statistics indicate that we need friends more than ever. Government figures predict that the proportion of married men and women aged from 45 to 54 will fall by a quarter in the next two decades. A recent Brit
88、ish survey found that two-thirds of eighteen to 35-year-olds in Britain turn to friends before family for help and advice. Yes, the argument goes, in a fast-moving, ever-changing world, friendship is our rock, the one thing we can truly rely on.But in his book, The Philosophy of Friendship, Mark Ver
89、non suggests otherwise. He cautions that we place unrealistic burdens on friendship, that its unreasonable to expect friends to fulfill family members roles. Worse still, he says, friendships are becoming harder to maintain. There are lots of obstacles in the way we live today. Its harder to put tim
90、e and effort into knowing someone. Mobiles, email and so on, all these are secondary ways of communicating. Theres not the depth.So, what did I do with Tulas letter? I re-read it many times, thinking over where Id gone wrong. And then I wrote back. Yes, youre right. I wrote, things have changed. But
91、 arent we good enough friends to hang in there? Since then we have exchanged a couple of emails. A walk has been suggested. It would be easy not to make the effort and let this friendship go but, as Louisa May Alcott, author of Little Women, said: Stay is a charming word in a friends vocabulary. 1th
92、ink shes right.43. What can we learn about Tula and the writer from the first two paragraphs?A. They became close friends ten years after their first meeting.B. Nothing had happened to indicate their friendship might end.C. Tula suggested the end of their friendship with a letter.D The writer took a
93、 long holiday after her marriage.44. Such sentiments in paragraph 3 most probably refer to _.A. trouble in making friendsB. dependence on close friendsC. reluctance to end a friendshipD. belief in permanent friendship45. Which of the following statements is Mark Vernon most likely to agree with?A. W
94、e expect too much of friendship.B. More and more people are choosing to be single.C. Friendship is what we can rely on in todays society.D. Technology makes it easier for us to know others well.46. Why does the writer quote Louisa May Alcott in the last paragraph?A. To prove that efforts to maintain
95、 a friendship may not be worthwhile.B. To justify what she has done with the friendship with Tula.C. To emphasize the importance of Little Women in history.D. To illustrate the charming things existing in friendship.【答案】43. C 44. D 45. A 46. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文，文章作者通过讲述了自己和朋友之间的友谊变化，谈论了人们对友谊的看法。【43题详
96、解】细节理解题。根据原文第一段第一句，“For the first time in my life I have been dumped by a friend”（人生中第一次我被朋友抛弃了），再结合第二段最后一句，“In her letter she described our friendship as a borderline case and suggested it should be time we let each other go.”（在他的信中，她描述我们的友谊处于了边缘线上，早就该互相放手，让各自前行了。）可知，图拉写信建议结束他们的友谊。故选C。【44题详解】词义猜测题。
97、根据上文句子，“We are encouraged to believe that friends will be around forever. Youve got a friend, sang Carole King and Ill be there for you promised the theme tune of Friends”（我们被鼓励去相信，朋友们将会永远在身边，你有了一个朋友，我将在你身边都承诺了朋友的意义），可知，作者的思想观念中作者相信永恒的友谊，这种想法已经深入到自己的潜意识中。所以“Such sentiments ”指的是相信永恒的友谊。故选D。【45题详解】细节理
98、解题。根据文中第五段第二段，“He cautions that we place unrealistic burdens on friendship, that its unreasonable to expect friends to fulfill family members roles”（他说，我们给予了友谊很多不可实际的负担，并且期待朋友去完成家人的角色是不合情理的），可知，他认为我们对友谊期待得太多。故选A。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，“things have changed. But arent we good enough friends to hang in
99、there? Since then we have exchanged a couple of emails.”（事情发生了变化，但是难道我们不是足够好的朋友，以致于可以一直在一起吗？从那以后我们一直互相发电子邮件），可知，作者不想放弃一个朋友，所以作出努力挽救了他们的友谊，通过此事，作者认为不放手友谊其实很简单，再根据“Stay is a charming word in a friends vocabulary. 1think shes right. ”陪伴”是朋友的词汇库中最动人的词。所以引用May Alcott的话来证明她为自己与图拉的友谊所做的一切。故选B。【点睛】Section C
100、The New Year is slowly nearing, and many people are looking back to 2020 and more importantly, forward to the coming year 2021. People may use the New Year as a time to turn over a new leaf. Are you planning to make a New Year Resolution? Here are a few tips for preparing to be successful with all y
101、our New Year Resolutions.1. A Single Change Is EnoughYou cant stick to two to three resolutions at a time. You would eventually break one of them for sure. _47_. Dont get overwhelmed and think that you have to reassess everything in your life. But, dont break that one resolution you make, because th
102、at is important.2. Write Down Your ResolutionsOnce you have decided on your achievable resolutions, write them down. It helps to write down your resolution so you can refer back to it often during the year. _48_. Also, by writing it down, you will be able to review it often and evaluate your progres
103、s since the time the resolution was made.4. Ask For SupportTell a friend or your loved ones whom you trust about your resolution. They will provide you with support and keep you focused on your goal. And if you are wavering at all, their support will ensure you dont give up easily. Besides, it is ad
104、visable to join an online support group for specific resolutions such as losing weight, giving up chocolate, or training for the next marathon. _49_. In turn, be sure to help boost other peoples resolutions!5. Accept FailureIt is true that perfection is what people pursue. _50_. Dont give up complet
105、ely because you ate a brownie and broke your diet or skipped the gym, for a week because you were busy. You must accept anything that comes your way. It is not easy to stick to something that requires lot of patience and will. Everyone has ups and downs; resolve to recover from your mistakes and get
106、 back on the right track.A. But minor missteps when reaching your goals are completely normal and OK.B. Having someone to share your struggles and successes makes your journey much easier and less stressful.C. When you are doing well at keeping your resolution, you may discover that you are feeling
107、better about other areas of your life too.D. Instead of making too many resolutions, simply make one resolution at a time.E. You can even make a contract with yourself stating what you will set out to do and sign it to make it official.F. Dont complain about small things in life, because that only s
108、poils your mood.【答案】47. D 48. E 49. B 50. A【解析】本文是说明文，主要针对如何实现新年愿望提出了建议。【47题详解】根据第一部分的标题“Single Change Is Enough”单一的改变就足够了，和上文“You cant stick to two to three resolutions at a time.” 你不能一次坚持两到三个愿望。可知，上文建议只做一个改变。D项说“与其制定太多的愿望，不如一次只做一个。”D项承接上文，选项的make one resolution at a time对应上文的A Single Change，故选D项。【
109、48题详解】根据前文“It helps to write down your resolution so you can refer back to it often during the year” 写下你的愿望会有帮助，这样你在一年中就可以经常回顾它。前文建议写下自己的愿望。E项说“你甚至可以和自己签订一份合同，说明你将要做什么，然后签字以使其正式生效”，两处都提到了写下愿望，E项承接上文，write down your resolution对应 make a contract with yourself 。故选 E项。【49题详解】根据前文“Tell a friend or your l
110、oved ones whom you trust about your resolution. They will provide you with support and keep you focused on your goal.” 把你的愿望 告诉你的朋友或你信任的人。他们会为你提供支持，让你专注于你的目标。此处建议跟朋友分析自己的愿望，得到朋友的支持。B项说“Having someone to share your struggles and successes makes your journey much easier and less stressful” 有人分享你的奋斗和成功
111、会让你的旅程更轻松，压力更小。两处都提到了和人分享，B项承接上文，Tell a friend or your loved ones对应 share your struggles and successes 。故选B项。【50题详解】根据第五点的标题“Accept failure”接受失败和后文“It is true that perfection is what people pursue” 完美是人们追求的，这是事实。A项说“但在实现目标时犯些小错误是完全正常的”。A项与上文构成转折关系。Accept failure对应normal and OK。故选A项。IV. Summary Writi
112、ng 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable sho
113、rtening of the proportion of a womans life spent in caring for the children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the tim
114、e the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a womans youngest child will b
115、e fifteen when she is forty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty.Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenience foods.This important change in womans life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect o
116、n womens economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that
117、age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full-or-part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the
118、 duties and satisfactions of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.【答案】Womens lives have changed greatly, because they marry younger, have fewer children to care for, and
119、 have modern technology to help them, which makes it possible for them to get back to work. This results in womens rise in family economic position to share equally the duties of supporting family and chores with their husbands.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，妇女的生活发生了巨大的变化，因为她们结婚更早，需要照顾的孩子更少，现代技术帮助她们，这使她们有可能
120、回到工作岗位。这导致了女性在家庭经济地位的提高，与丈夫平等分担家庭和家务。【详解】1 要点摘录 The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women.Today women marry younger and have fewer children Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenience foods. This important change in
121、woman s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women s economic position.Very many more afterwards return to full-or-part-time work.Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family l
122、ife, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them. 2.缜密构思 分别将第1、2、3两个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点重组并与第6个要点进行精简整合。 3.遣词造句Womens lives have changed greatly, because they marry younger, have fewer children
123、 to care for, and have modern technology to help them, which makes it possible for them to get back to work. This results in womens rise in family economic position to share equally the duties of supporting family and chores with their husbands.【点睛】高分句型1 Womens lives have changed greatly, because th
124、ey marry younger, have fewer children to care for, and have modern technology to help them, which makes it possible for them to get back to work.运用一个复杂的主从复食句对原文第一段进行了概括。其中有because引导原因状语从句，和which引导的非限制性定语从句等复杂句式。 高分句型2：This results in womens rise in family economic position to share equally the dutie
125、s of supporting family and chores with their husbands.本句运用了动词不定式，对第二段进行了概括，表达精准、高级。V. Translation (共15分，3+3+4+5) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 这张票可以使你享有无限的免费停车权。(entitle) (汉译英)【答案】This ticket will entitle you to unlimited free p
126、arking.【解析】【详解】【分析】考查固定短语和时态。表示“使某人享有的权利”应用短语entitle sb to sth，此处表示将来的动作，应该用一般将来时，表示“无限的”应用形容词unlimited，表示“免费停车权”应用free parking。结合句子其他部分，故翻译为This ticket will entitle you to unlimited free parking.53. 当说到外语学习时，人们就会情不自禁想起背单词和词组的那些事儿。 (When it) (汉译英)【答案】When it comes to learning foreign languages, peop
127、le cant help recalling the things such as reciting words and phrases.【解析】【详解】考查固定句型、短语、非谓语动词和时态。本句为一般现在时，根据句意表示“当说到做某事时”可知句型为when it comes to doing sth.，表示“外语学习”短语为learn foreign languages，此处应用动名词形式作宾语；表示“情不自禁做某事”短语为cant help doing sth.，作谓语，主语为people；表示“想起”可用动词recall，此处用动名词形式作宾语；表示“背单词和词组”可翻译为recite
128、words and phrases；故翻译为When it comes to learning foreign languages, people cant help recalling the things such as reciting words and phrases.54. 尽管外面寒风凛冽，但顾客依然在这家面包店门口排起了长队，等着买刚出炉的面包。(there be) (汉译英)【答案】Although/While it was bitterly/severely cold outdoors, there was a long queue of customers at the
129、gate of the bakers, expecting/waiting to buy the freshly/newly-baked bread.【解析】【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词和让步状语从句。本句为Although/While引导的让步状语从句。表示“寒风凛冽”应用bitterly/severely cold，此处副词修饰形容词cold；表示“顾客排起了长队”应用a long queue of customer，此处表示某处有某物或某人，应该用there be句型，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时态。表示“刚出炉的”应用 freshly/newly-baked，修饰名词bread。表示“
130、等着去买”应用expect/wait to buy，后半句省略主语和连接词，应用非谓语动词，expect和customers之间是主动关系，应用动词的现在分词形式，即expecting/waiting to buy。结合句子其他部分，故翻译为Although/While it was bitterly/severely cold outdoors, there was a long queue of customers at the gate of the bakers, expecting/waiting to buy the freshly/newly-baked bread.55. 昨天
131、晚上我们在图书馆偶遇的那位经济学家在他的研究中引入了心理学，正是这点使他荣获当年的诺贝尔经济学奖。 (which) (汉译英)【答案】The economist we met with /encountered last night in the library introduced psychology into his research, which helped/made/him win the Nobel Prize for Economics of that year.【解析】【详解】考查定语从句、动词和时态。主句主语“那位经济学家”表示为the economist，其定语“昨天晚上
132、我们在图书馆偶遇的”表示为定语从句we met with /encountered last night in the library，先行词 the economist在从句中充当宾语，关系代词省略；谓语动词“引入”表示为introduce，宾语“心理学”表示为psychology，“在研究中”表示为into his research，结合一般过去时态，主句翻译为 the economist we met with /encountered last night in the library introduced psychology into his research。主句后是非限制性定语
133、从句，先行词是主句一整句话，用which来代替先行词在从句中充当主语，从句谓语动词“使”表示为 help/make，宾语为him，宾语补足语为win the Nobel Prize for Economics of that year，结合一般过去时态，从句翻译为which helped/made/him win the Nobel Prize for Economics of that year。故整句话翻译为 The economist we met with /encountered last night in the library introduced psychology into
134、 his research, which helped/made/him win the Nobel Prize for Economics of that year.VI. Guided Writing (共25分)56. 随着我国经济的高速发展，人们的生活越来越富足，同时浪费粮食的情况也越来越严重，中国政府此时重提“光盘运动”。请你就这个话题谈谈你的观点，内容需包括:1. 简单陈述你的观点；2. 通过描述一个实例来证明你的观点。【答案】With the fast development of Chinas economy, the life of Chinese people is bec
135、oming better and better. However, the situation of wasting food is increasingly serious. In order to change this situation, “Clean Your Plate Campaign” is brought up again timely by the government of China.As a senior high school student, I am strongly in favor of this kind of campaign. No matter ho
136、w rich we are, theres no excuse for us to waste any rice or bread. Learning to save is a good virtue of Chinese people. Every time I order my meal at the canteen, I only want the proper amount of food. Never have I wasted a bit of food.I hope all of us join in the “Clean Your Plate Campaign” to make
137、 our country stronger.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于夹叙夹议文，要求考生谈谈自己对中国政府此时重提“光盘运动”的观点, 并通过描述一个实例来证明自己的观点。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：夹叙夹议文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.简单陈述你对中国政府此时重提“光盘运动”的观点；2. 通过描述一个实例来证明你的观点。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）With the fast development of ；becoming better and better；increasingly
138、serious；In order to；Clean Your Plate Campaign；brought up；am strongly in favor of；No matter how ；theres no excuse for us to；join in第三步：连词成句With the fast development of Chinas economy, the life of Chinese people is becoming better and better. However, the situation of wasting food is increasingly seri
139、ous.In order to change this situation, “Clean Your Plate Campaign” is brought up again timely by the government of China.As a senior high school student, I am strongly in favor of this kind of campaign. No matter how rich we are, theres no excuse for us to waste any rice or bread. I hope all of us j
140、oin in the “Clean Your Plate Campaign” to make our country stronger.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second And then, Finally, In the end, At last3.表转折对比关系：However, No matter how4.表因果关系： As, In order to 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【点睛】高分句型1 Learning to save is a good virtue of Chinese people. （动名词作主语）高分句型2 Never have I wasted a bit of food.（部分倒装的使用）
