1、经 典 例 文(2015福建卷)请阅读右面图画，按要求用英语写一篇词数为120左右的短文。内容要求：1描述画面；2概述其含义；3谈谈个人感想。注意：1.短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；2可适当发挥，使文章内容充实、行文连贯；3文中不能出现考生的具体信息。参考词汇：凿，钻 boreIn the picture,_范 文 背 诵In_the_picture,_we can see a boy in worn clothes,sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.A weak ray of light came in t
2、hrough a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.This is a well-known story from an ancient Chinese idiom.The boy,being poor,couldnt afford even a candle,so he bored a hole in the wall to“steal”light from his neighbors house to read at night.The moral of the story is:spare no effor
3、t to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be.Of course,things are totally different today.It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts.Hard work pays off.We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning an
4、d get prepared for the future.联想词语单词联想1arrange v安排；整理2apologize vi.道歉3frightening adj.令人恐惧的，引起惊恐的4spirit n烈酒(常用复数)；精神；情绪5debate n辩论，讨论 v辩论；考虑，思考，盘算6attract vt.诱惑，吸引；引起的兴趣/爱戴/注意7participate vi.参加，参与(常与介词in连用)vt.分享，分担8signn标志；符号，记号；手势，信号；征兆，迹象 v签名；做手势9furtheradj.使进一步的，更多的，附加的 adv.进一步地，更远地；此外10persuade
5、vt.说服，劝服(常与to，into连用)；使相信(常与of，that连用)短语熟记1set sail 扬帆，起航，航海2according to依据，根据，按照3in search of 寻找，寻求4pick up捡起，拿起(某物)；扶起(某人)5make it(to)及时到达；做成某事，取得成功；渡过难关句式重温1Some time after I left the boat,with my brother in it,it sank into the bottom of the whirlpool.我在离船不久，船带着我哥哥沉入了漩涡中。2.I was trying to recover
6、 when my elder brother put his mouth close to my ear,and screamed out.我正竭力从恐惧中回过神来，就在这时哥哥把他的嘴放到我的耳朵旁，大声说出突破重点第一版块：融会单词1sign n标牌，标志；符号，记号；手势；征兆，迹象 v签名；做手势She put her finger to her lips as a sign to be quiet.她把手指放到嘴唇上作为示意大家安静的手势。The sign reads,“In case of fire,break the glass and push the red button.”
7、牌子上写道：“如有火情，请打碎玻璃并按红色按钮。”Clouds are a sign of rain.乌云是下雨的征兆。Sign here,please.请在这里签字。The policeman signed to me to stop.警察示意让我停下来。归纳拓展for sth.报名参加签名notto do sth.示意某人不做某事的迹象【易混辨析】sign,signal,signature,sight与sighsign n符号，标记，招牌；signal n信号，暗号；signature n签名；sight n情景，风景，视力；sigh vi.叹息，叹气。如：A red lamp is us
8、ed as a danger signal.红灯用作危险信号。They forged their managers signature on the cheque.他们在支票上伪造了经理的签名。He decided to buy the painting at first sight.第一眼他就决定要买这幅画。She looked out of the window,sighing for her lost youth.她看着窗外，为她逝去的青春而惋惜。即境活用选词填空scene signal sight signThe door and the windows were all closed
9、 and there was no _ of forced entry.sign答案与解析 句意：门和窗户都是关着的，没有任何破门而入的现象。sign这里意为“迹象”。2frightening adj.引起恐惧的；惊恐的；可怕的It was very frightening and destroyed most of the houses.这是非常恐怖的，摧毁了大部分的房子。Seeing such a frightening film，the girl was filled with horror.看到这个恐怖电影，这个女孩心中充满了恐惧。frighten vt.&vi.使惊恐frighten
10、 off/away吓跑frightening adj.令人恐惧的frightened adj.受恐吓的【易混辨析】frightening与frightenedfrightening“令人恐惧的”，修饰物；frightened“受恐吓的，害怕的”，修饰人。How do you react when you see something frightening?当你看到令人害怕的事时你会怎样反应？When I was very young,I was terribly frightened of school,but I soon got over it.很小的时候，我非常害怕上学，但不久之后，我便
11、克服了这种心态。特别提示frightened在句中作定语或表语，用作表语时，可跟of短语、不定式或that从句。即境活用语法填空The _ news made all of them _ to death.(frighten)frighteningfrightened答案与解析 句意：这个可怕的消息把他们都吓得要死。frightening“令人恐惧的，可怕的”；frightened“惊吓的，受惊的，害怕的”。3further adj.更进一步的，更多的，附加的 adv.进一步地，更远地；此外I have nothing further to say.我没有别的话要说了。They need fu
12、rther help.他们需要更多的帮助。I was too tired to walk any further.我太累了，无法走更远。【易混辨析】farther与further(1)在美式英语中，表示距离只能用farther，不能用further。如：Germany is farther from the United States than England is.德国比英国离美国远。(2)在英式英语中，further除了用于表示距离外，还可用作抽象含义，表示时间、数量或程度上更多、更进一步、更深一层；farther一般只表示具体的距离，但若前面有具体的数字修饰，farther也可用作抽象含
13、义。如：You may keep the book a further week.这本书你可再借一周。He drove twenty kilometers farther down the road.他驾车沿着这条路又往前开了二十千米。4persuade vt.说服；劝说(1)persuade sb.to do sth.persuade sb.into doing sth.说服某人做某事persuade sb.not to do sth.persuade sb.out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事(2)persuade sb.of sth.使某人相信某事persuade sb.t
14、hat.使某人相信(3)try to persuade sb.to do sth.advise sb.to do sth.尽力劝说某人做某事(但未必劝服)Dont let yourself be persuaded into buying/to buy things you dont really need.不要被说服买你实际上并不需要的东西。She was not persuaded of the truth of his statement.她不相信他的话是真的。I persuaded him that I was telling the truth.我使他相信我讲的是实情。【易混辨析】p
15、ersuade与advisepersuade强调说服，含有劝说成功之意，而advise相当于try to persuade,只表示劝说的动作，不表结果，可能成功也可能不成功。即境活用用persuade,advise填空(1)He _ me to go with him,but I wouldnt.(2)Ive _ him to stop drinking by _ him many times.advisedpersuadedadvising5apologise vi.道歉(1)apologize to sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉apologize to sb.t
16、hat从句 向某人道歉(2)apology n.道歉make/offer an apology to sb.for sth.因某事向某人道歉accept/refuse ones apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉owe an apology to sb.应向某人道歉owe sb.an apology for sth.因应向某人道歉You should apologize to your teacher for your coming late.你应该为你的迟到向你的老师道歉。I owe you an apology for my rudeness last night.昨天晚上我太粗暴，应该
17、向你道歉。即境活用完成句子(1)You must _ _ your sister for being so rude.你太无理了，必须向你姐姐道歉。(2)Im very glad that Tom _ _ _.我很高兴汤姆接受了我的道歉。(3)He has already apologised to me.(句型转换)He has already _ _ _ _ me.apologise toaccepted my apologymade an apology to6participate vi.参与；参加(1)participate in 参加，参与(某活动)participate with
18、 sb.in sth.与某人分担某事，同某人参与某事(2)participant n.参加者；共享者participation n.参与；分担；共享Students are encouraged to participate in the running of the college.学生们被鼓励参与学院的管理工作。She participated with her friends in their sufferings.她分担朋友们的痛苦。即境活用完成句子(1)I dont want to _ _ the English party.我不想参加英语晚会。(2)True friends sho
19、uld _ _ each others suffering.真正的朋友要分担彼此的痛苦。participate inparticipate in7arrange v筹备；安排；整理；布置；排列arrange(for)sth.整理/安排/筹划某事arrange to do sth.安排做某事arrange for sb./sth.to do sth.安排某人/某物做某事arrange sth.with sb.与某人约定做某事arrangement n安排，准备Three activities,skipping,jogging,outdoor aerobics(有氧运动),all of which
20、 are free of charge,will be arranged.跳，慢跑，户外有氧运动这三种免费的项目都将得到安排。Beth arranged a meeting with the marketing director.贝思安排了和营销经理见面。We have finished all the arrangement for the party.我们已完成晚会的所有准备工作。特别提示(1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb.to do sth.而不用arrange sb.to do sth.。(2)make arrangements(for sth./for sb.
21、to do sth.)中的arrangement常用复数形式。(3)arrange后接that从句，从句用“should动词原形”。即境活用完成句子(1)They _ _ _ at six.他们约好六点钟见面。(2)I shall _ _ _ _ to take place on Friday.我将安排周五开会。arranged to meetarrange for the meeting8spirit n烈酒(常用复数)；精神；情绪be down in spirits情绪低落have a high spirit情绪高涨in the spirit of本着精神/态度in high/great
22、spirits兴高采烈in low/poor spirits垂头丧气keep up ones spirits保持高昂的情绪Dont make other people drink more spirits than they can take.不要让别人喝过多的烈酒。He is in high spirits.他情绪高涨。You must try and keep your spirits up(stay cheerful)你必须设法保持高昂的情绪。I shall be with you in spirit(thinking about you though not with you phys
23、ically)我的心将和你在一起。特别提示作“情绪”解时多用复数形式。9ban vt.禁止；取缔 n.禁令；谴责(1)ban sth.(依法)取缔/查禁某物ban sb.from doing sth.严禁某人做某事(2)put/place.under a ban 严令禁止lift the ban on/against.对开禁(3)banned adj.被禁止的；被取缔的banned books/film/video 禁书/禁止上映的电影/禁播的录像They threatened to ban the book.他们威胁要查禁此书。They banned us from drinking her
24、e.他们禁止我们在这儿喝酒。The manager declared a ban on smoking in theatres.经理宣布了不准在剧院吸烟的禁令。10present n现在，目前；礼物，赠品 v赠送，呈献 adj.出席的，在场的；现在的，当前的Were you present when the news was announced?宣布那消息时你在场吗？You cant use it in its present condition.照它目前这种情形，是无法使用的。This book was a present from my brother.这本书是哥哥赠送给我的。They p
25、resented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.他们向学院赠送了一笔款项以纪念他们的儿子。(1)at the present time现在，目前at presentin the present case在目前的情况下(2)be present at.出席present用作形容词，表示“在场的”时，通常作表语或后置定语；表示“现在的”时常作前置定语。(3)present sb.with sth.present sth.to sb.把某物赠给某人即境活用翻译句子(1)目前他正在美国学英语。(2)你看见在场的政府领导了吗？H
26、e is studying English in America at present.Did you see the government leaders present?11escape vi.逃离，逃脱；漏出(常与from连用)vt.逃避，避免；未被注意，被忘掉The prisoner escaped from the prison last night.那个囚犯昨晚从监狱里逃了出来。Where can we go to escape the crowd?我们到哪儿才能避开人群？特别提示1escape可引申为“忘记”，其主语一般是物。如：恐怕我忘了你的名字。2escape后接动名词作宾语
27、。如：没有办法逃脱这项工作。3escape作名词，表示抽象意义的“逃跑”时是不可数名词，表示具体某一次的“逃跑”时是可数名词。【易混辨析】escape,escape from,flee与run away(1)escape既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。如：He was thankful to escape being caught.他庆幸未被抓住。They escaped from the burning house.他们从着火的房子里逃了出来。(2)escape from表示从某个具体地方(如监狱等)逃出。如：The bird has escaped from the cage.那只鸟儿从
28、笼中逃走了。(3)flee表示逃跑的行为本身，常含有因惧怕而逃跑的意味，强调逃跑时的急促，主要用于书面语。如：The enemy soldiers were fleeing in all directions.敌兵四处逃窜。(4)run away多用于口语，强调动作快速而敏捷。如：Suddenly the door opened,and the little dog ran away.门突然开了，小狗逃跑了。即境活用完成句子(1)Once a prisoner _ _ the prison.曾经有一个犯人逃出监狱。(2)We were lucky to _ _ _.我们很幸运，没有受罚。写出划
29、线单词的最佳汉语意思(3)His name escaped me.(4)The oil is escaping from the broken pipe.escaped fromescape being punished记不住渗漏第二版块：贯通短语1pick up其主要用法有下面几种：(1)捡起，拿起(某物)；扶起(某人)The little girl fell down onto the ground and I ran to pick her up at once.小女孩倒在地上，我立即跑过去把她扶起来。(2)收听，接收It is necessary to use a short-wave
30、 radio to pick up the programmes.有必要用短波收音机收听节目。(3)(用车)接，(免费)搭车Ill pick you up at your home tomorrow.我明天用车去你家接你。(4)恢复健康；(生意)好转，恢复This old man is beginning to pick up now.这位老人现在开始恢复健康了。(5)收拾；整理Youd better pick up the tools after finishing the work.工作结束后，你最好把工具收拾好。(6)(无意中)学会，(偶然地)得到消息He picked up Frenc
31、h while he was staying in Paris.他在巴黎时学会了法语。归纳拓展pick out挑选出，拣出；辨认出让我来替你挑些好的。很容易从人群中辨认出他，因为他个子很高。即境活用语法填空Reading an English novel last night,I picked _ some useful expressions for writing.up 答案与解析 句意：我从昨天读的英文小说中学到了几个写作时有用的表达。put up“举起，抬起”。2in addition to 除了之外(还有)in addition 另外，此外该短语义同besides;apart fro
32、m;aside from;on top ofOur school has five TV sets in addition to the three.除了那三台外，我们学校还有五台电视机。In addition to these arrangements,extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight.除了这些安排以外，另增救护车值班至午夜。There is,in addition,one further point to make.此外，还有一点要说。特别提示in addition to为复合介词，后接名词或动名词，作状语，其宾语是整体的一部分
33、。3set sail 扬帆，起航，航海Then they set sail for their homeland.然后，他们就起航回国了。set fire to纵火，点燃，使燃烧set sth.on fire纵火；点火set foot in/on sth.进入set an example to为树立榜样set aside存储，留出set about着手，开始做set off动身(去某地)，引爆，引起，使(某人)开始(做某事)set out出发，着手，陈述set up竖起，建立，创立set down记下，放下即境活用语法填空President Hu demanded the Chinese sh
34、ip and crew members aboard _(be)set free safely and immediately.be答案与解析 句意：胡锦涛主席要求立即安全释放中国船只和船上所有工作人员。set free“释放”，demand 后的宾语从句中的谓语用虚拟语气“(should)动词原形”。4get into trouble 陷入麻烦，遇到麻烦get into a temper 发脾气get/run into debt 开始欠债have trouble with.在方面遇到了困难/问题take the trouble to do sth.不辞辛劳地做某事get sb.into tr
35、ouble 让某人陷入麻烦The airplane got into trouble and crashed on the take-off.飞机出了故障，刚起飞即坠毁。She didnt even take the trouble to find out how to spell my name.她嫌麻烦，甚至连我的姓名如何拼写都不想搞清楚。My brother was always getting me into trouble with my parents.以前我弟弟经常连累我遭父母的责难。特别提示get into trouble无被动形式，也可用get sb.into trouble
36、“使某人陷入困境”，get into trouble中名词trouble前不用任何修饰语，义同run into trouble。5make it(to)及时到达()；做成某事，取得成功；渡过难关make for sth.促成某事；向某事物移动make the most of sth./sb./yourself充分利用；尽情享受make much of sth./sb.重视；认为很重要make sth.of sb./sth.领会/理解/懂得If we run，we can make it.如果跑的话，我们可以及时到达。I just made it to the washroom before t
37、hrowing up.我忍住呕吐，及时冲进了洗手间。I never thought she would make it as an actress.我从来没有想到她会成为一名成功的演员。特别提示make itto作“及时到达”时主要指在困难的时候终于及时到达某地。6in search of 寻找；寻求Scientists are in search of a cure for the disease.科学家们在寻找治疗这种疾病的办法。(1)in ones search for 寻找；寻求(2)search sb.搜某人的身search sth.在某地寻找(sth.是搜索的地方)search f
38、or sb./sth.寻找(搜寻)某人/某物search.for sb./sth.为找某人/某物而搜查search sb./sth.out找出某人/某物The police searched the suspect but found no weapons on him.警察搜查了嫌疑犯，但在他身上没找到武器。He searched in vain for his passport.他翻找自己的护照，但没找着。The policeman searched the house for the stolen articles.警察搜查那栋房子以寻找被偷的物品。特别提示1search作名词时，其前常
39、用the，a或ones修饰，且常与介词for连用。2in search of结构中search前不带任何限定词。即境活用语法填空Most people are in favour _ reducing the students heavy burdens.of 答案与解析 句意：大多数人支持为学生减负。in favour of“支持”。7watch out(be carefullook outtake care)小心，提防或戒备；注意Watch out!Theres a car coming.小心！有车来了。watch out for 密切注意watch over 看守，监视keep a cl
40、ose watch on.密切注意，密切监视keep an eye out for 留心(注意)即境活用语法填空I am trying to be the kind of boss that the workers will look up _.to答案与解析 句意：我一直在努力成为受工人们尊敬的那种老板。look up to意为“尊敬”，符合句意。第三版块：突破句式1Its three times as big underwater.(冰山)水上部分是水下部分的三倍。倍数的表达法：(1)A is倍数asadj./adv.as BA是B的倍(2)A is倍数adj./adv.的比较级than
41、BA比B倍(3)A is倍数then.of B在方面A是B的倍(4)A isadj.的比较级thanBby倍数A比B倍(5)A is倍数as many/muchn.asB(6)A is倍数thatofB(7)A is倍数what从句点津：1倍数表达中，两倍用twice，三倍及三倍以上用“数词times”来表示。2在“A is倍数then.of B”句型中，名词通常是表示大小size、长短length、宽窄width、深浅depth等这一类的名词。即境活用完成句子(1)There are six times _ _ _ _ we expected.学生数量是我们预期的六倍。(2)In this
42、workshop,the output of July was five times _ _ _.这个车间7月份的产量是1月份的5倍。(3)The production now is three times _ _ _ _ _ _.现在的产量比十年前增加了两倍。as many students asthat of Januarywhat it was ten years ago(4)(一句多译)他的房子是他父亲的房子的三倍大。His house _ his fathers.His house _ his fathers.His house _ his fathers.is three time
43、s as big asis twice bigger than is three times the size of2.I was trying to recover when my elder brother put his mouth close to my ear,and screamed out.我正竭力从恐惧中回过神来，就在这时哥哥把他的嘴放到我的耳朵旁，大声说出when在此句中意为“这时，突然”，相当于at this/that time,常用于以下结构中：be doing.when.正在这时be about to do.when.正打算做这时be just going to do.
44、when.正在这时had just done.when.刚做了这时be on the point of doing.when.正在这时We were about to leave when a big noise came from the next room.我们正要离开时隔壁发出了巨大的响声。We were discussing the problem when there was a power failure.我们正在讨论那个问题，这时停电了。I was on the point of calling him when he came in.我正要给他打电话，这时他进来了。即境活用语法
45、填空She opened her eyes with a start and was about to cry _ she heard her father urgently telling her to keep quiet.when答案与解析 句意：她猛地睁开眼睛，刚要哭，这时她听到她父亲急忙告诉她要保持安静。be about to do sth.when.为固定句型，其中的when为并列连词，相当于and at that time。3The Vikings were the first Europeans to reach America.古代斯堪的纳维亚人是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。句中
46、Europeans前有序数词the first修饰，故用不定式to reach America作定语。又如：He is the first Chinese to swim across the Bohai Sea.他是第一个游过渤海的中国人。下列情形常用不定式作定语：(1)定语表示将来的动作时。如：We need someone to take care of the children.我们需要人看孩子。(2)中心词是序数词或受到序数词的修饰时。如：Madam Curie was the first person in the world to receive two Nobel Prizes
47、.居里夫人是世界上第一个获得两个诺贝尔奖的人。(3)中心词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。如：The best way to make sure that we look fine is to develop healthy eating habits.确保健康的最好办法是形成健康的饮食习惯。(4)中心词是the last,the only,the next或被the last,the only，the next修饰时。如：He was the only one to finish the task in time.他是唯一一个按时完成任务的人。(5)用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有
48、：ability,chance,idea,fact,attempt,promise,excuse,answer,reply,way,reason,moment,time等。如：They failed in their attempt to reach there before five oclock.他们试图在五点以前赶到那里，但是没有办到。特别提示不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而该不定式为不及物动词时，其后要加上适当的介词，构成及物动词短语。如：我正在找一间屋子住。他还需要另一位老师与之合作。即境活用语法填空We are invited to a party _(hold)in our club next Friday.to be held答案与解析 句意：我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举行的晚会。由句中的next Friday可知，聚会还没有举行，故用不定式作定语，表示将要发生的动作。
