1、扬州市2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（11）及答案解析C82012浙江卷 Below is a selection about some Guinness(吉尼斯) World Records.Top 6 Unusual Guinness World RecordsFastest 100 m running on all foursThe 2008 Guinness World Records Day was, according to GWR，their biggest day of recordbreaking ever, with more than 290,000 people ta
2、king part in record attempts in 15 different countries. Kenichi Itos record attempt was part of this special day. He is just another example of Japanese with “super powers”. His “super power” is to run with great speed on all fours. Kenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours in 18.58 seconds. The Japanese s
3、et this record at Setagaya Kuritsu Sogo Undojyo, Tokyo, in 2008.Most people inside a soap bubbleLongest ears on a dogMost living generationsDid you ever wonder what is the Guinness World Record for most living generations in one family? Seven is the answer.The ultimate authority on recordbreaking me
4、ntions on the website that the youngest greatgreatgreatgreat grandparent of this family was Augusta Bung “aged 109 years 97 days, followed by her daughter aged 89, her granddaughter aged 70, her great granddaughter aged 52, her greatgreat granddaughter aged 33 and her greatgreatgreat granddaughter a
5、ged 15 on the birth of her greatgreatgreatgreat grandson on January 21, 1989”Most Tshirts worn at onceHeaviest pumpkin46Why is Kenichi Ito described as a man with a “super power”？AHe set a good example to all Japanese.BHe made record attempts in 15 different countries.CHe set a new record for “Faste
6、st 100 m running on all fours”DHe participated in the 2008 Guinness World Records Day activities.47Jeffries is the name of _.Athe owner of the dog with the longest earsBthe grandfather of the dog with the longest earsCthe present holder of the record for “Longest ears on a dog”Dthe former holder of
7、the record for “Longest ears on a dog”48How many Tshirts had Krunoslav Budiseli put on before he felt it difficult to go on?A68. B120. C238. D245.49According to the given information, which Guinness World Record was most recently set?AThe record for “Most people inside a soap bubble”BThe record for
8、“Most living generations”CThe record for “Most Tshirts worn at once”DThe record for “Heaviest pumpkin”【要点综述】本文是一篇应用文，主要向读者介绍6个不同寻常的吉尼斯世界纪录的情况。46. C细节理解题。从第一则纪录中提到的He is just anothersuper powersKenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours知，Kenichi Ito创造了最新的最快的100米“四肢爬”纪录，所以选C项。47. D细节理解题。从文章第三则纪录中Mr. Jeffries
9、is the previous record holder of this title可以知道，Mr. Jeffries是前纪录保持者，所以选D项。48. B细节理解题。从第五则纪录中The Tshirts weighed 68 kg and Budiseli said he began struggling around Tshirt No. 120可以知道Budiseli在穿了120件T恤后感觉有点困难再穿上T恤了，所以选B项。49. A推理判断题。从文章的纪录中可以知道，A项是2011年4月4日创造的；B项是1989年1月21日创造的；C项是2010年5月22日创造的；D项是2010年1
10、0月9日创造的，由此知A项是最近时间创造的，所以选A项。 C82012四川卷 Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changi
11、ng some living patterns, scientists say.Increased carbon dioxide(CO2)in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.“Predicting species reaction to climate change is
12、a major challenge in ecology，” said the researchers of several US. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from pl
13、ant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.“Across all species, the experiments underpredicted the speed of the advancefor both leafing and flowering
14、that results from temperature increases，” the study said.The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis(光合作用)to produce s
15、ugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.Scientists believe the worlds average temperature has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979.So far, efforts to cut emissions(排放)of planetwarming greenhous
16、e gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 this centurya point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.57. What is the key information the author wa
17、nts to give in Paragraph 1?APlants reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.BThe increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists expectation.CClimate change leads to the change of food production patterns.DFood chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.58. We can
18、learn from the study published on the Nature website that _.Aplants flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafingBthere are 1,634 plant species on the four continentsCscientists should improve the design of the experimentsDthe experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change59. Scientis
19、ts pay special attention to the study of plants because_.Athey can prove the climate change clearlyBthey are very important in the food chainsCthey play a leading role in reducing global warmingDthey are growing and flowering much faster than before60. What can be inferred from the last two paragrap
20、hs about the worlds temperature?AIt has risen nearly 0.2 since 1979.BIts change will lead to weather extremes.CIt is 0.8 higher in 1979 than that of 1900.DIt needs to be controlled within 2 in this century.【要点综述】本文为科普类文章。文章论述了全球变暖的气候环境会让植物提前开花，进而影响整个食物链及生态系统。57. B细节理解题。第一段话给读者传达的主要信息存在于主句，而不是which所引
21、导的定语从句上。根据“Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted”可知，作者是要告知读者植物开花的增速超出了科学家的预期。故选B。A为次要信息。58. C推理判断题。第五段话“It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.”暗示读者：对于植物所设计的实验应该有所改进，故答案选C。59. B细节理解题。根据第四段“They said plants had b
22、een the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.”可知植物对气候变化的反应对整个食物链和生态系统都至关重要。故答案选B。60. D推理判断题。从倒数第二段“has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979.”可知A、C项错误；从最后一段叙述可知，如果本世纪地球变暖超过2，便会出现weat
23、her extremes。暗示我们这个世纪地球温度的上升需要控制在2的范围之内。故答案选D。C72013江苏卷 BWeve considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers(票贩子)，or purchasing linecutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park.Each of these deals replaces the morals of the
24、 queue(waiting your turn)with the morals of the market(paying a price for faster service)Markets and queuespaying and waitingare two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities.The morals of the queue，“First come, first served，” have an egalitarian(平等主义的)appea
25、l.They tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets.The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because its the first.Selling m
26、y house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.Think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“Your call will be answere
27、d in the order in which it was received.”This is essential for the morals of the queue.Its as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.But dont take the recorded message too seriously.Today, some peoples calls are answered faster than others.Call center technology enables compan
28、ies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.You might call this telephonic queue jumping.Of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.Some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance.However，the tenden
29、cy of markets to replace queues，and other nonmarket ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.It is striking that most of the paid queuejumping schemes weve consideredat airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors offices，and national parksare r
30、ecent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago.The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered.58According to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come，first served”
31、？ATaking buses. BBuying houses.CFlying with an airline. DVisiting amusement parks.59The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates _Athe necessity of patience in queuing Bthe advantage of modern technologyCthe uncertainty of allocation principle Dthe fairness of telephonic ser
32、vices60The passage is meant to _Ajustify paying for faster services Bdiscuss the morals of allocating thingsCanalyze the reason for standing in line Dcriticize the behavior of queue jumping【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述的是生活中购物买票等的插队问题。作者通过举例、道理分析来解读道德和市场的平衡问题，要想得到快速的服务，就要额外付出更多的费用，由此对在道德和市场竞争之间产生的矛盾进行探讨。58A推理
33、判断题。根据第二段中的“First come, first served”和第三段“The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.”可知选A项。59C细节判断题。根据第四段“Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.”和第五段可知，有时分配的原则是不断变化的，也就是说分配原则的不确定性，故选C项。60B作者意
34、图题。本文主要阐述了如何进行分配，讨论了基于分配原则的可变性的道德标准，故选B项。C72013江西卷 BWhen international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保) that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nat
35、ion. The United Nations Organization(UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and ea
36、rthquakes.More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, “Give_me_a_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_day,_teach_me_to_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it wo
37、uld be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small count
38、ry is able to help less developed nations. Sometime what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Excha
39、nge students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is
40、no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the buildup of friendship
41、s to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.61According to the author, how could international aid reach the vict
42、ims in time?A. By solving the cost problems.B. By solving the transportation problems.C. By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.D. By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.62What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence? A. Providing food is vital. B. Learni
43、ng to fish is helpful.C. Teaching skills is essential. D. Looking after others is important.63The second paragraph is developed mainly_A. by example B. by process C. by comparison D. by contrast64Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?A. A medical team. B. An exchange program.C. A water pl
44、ant. D. Financial support.65What can we infer about international aid from the passage?A. It is facing difficulties. B. It is unnecessary during normal times.C. It should be given in the form of materials.D. It has gained support from developed countries.【要点综述】 本文主要就给他国提供援助一事，提议“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”，建议不如与他国
45、分享知识及技术。61. C考查细节理解。由第一段最后一句“Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.”可知作者认为联合国可在每个国家设立一个捐助机构。62. C考查推理判断。由画线句后面的内容“If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less de
46、veloped nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another.”可知我们要教会欠发达国家的人们照顾他们自己，在画线句子中，作者试图要表达的是教给他们技能是重要的。63. A考查推理判断。由第二段第三句后“For example”后的内容可知，本段通过举例子来说明“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”这一观点。64. D考查细节理解。由最后一段倒数第二句“Giving direct help by giving materials may be effect
47、ive in the short run”可知经济的支持是暂时的。65. A考查推理判断。根据第一段的内容“When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simpleHere however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time.”可推出国际援助要到达受助人手中不容易，涉及开销以及时间等问题，由此可推断国际援助正面临着困难。
