1、_ on the grass. Its a rule of the park. A. Step B. Don t stepC. To step【试题答案】B 【参考解析】由句意“勿踏草地,这是公园的规矩。” 可知句子是否定祈使句,用dont+动词原形开头。故选B。此题考查祈使句,学生易误选A,祈使句的句首要用动词原形,祈使句的否定,在句首加助动词dont, 因此学生很容易看到动词原形step就选,而忽视了后面的附加句“这是公园的规矩”这个具体的语境。祈使句的基本用法祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。常省略主语,谓语动词用原形。1. 肯定的祈使句句型:动词原形其他成分。Be car
2、eful! 小心!Do祈使句表示一种强烈的感情或请求,do起强调作用。please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气,但please用在句末时,必须用逗号与其余部分隔开。Close the door, please. 请关门。2. 否定的祈使句常用句型:Dont动词原形其他成分。Dont be late for school again! 别再迟到了!用Never开头:Never动词原形其他成分。Never leave todays work for tomorrow! 不要把今天的工作留到明天!3. Let引导的祈使句以Let开头的句子也是祈使句,表示陈述和建议。其否定形式有两种:Let.n
3、ot或Dont. Let us not be late. 让我们不要迟到。Dont let the boy play football in the street. 不要让这个男孩在街上踢足球。【典例】1. Mark, please dont play basketball on the road. Its very dangerous._. I am going home at once.A. Have a great timeB. Sorry, I wont do thatC. Id like toD. OK, with pleasure【答案】B【解析】对今后不要做某事的命令或请求表示接
4、受时,回答要用否定的将来时。2. _ buy your ticket from a ticket machine. There are lots of people there. A. NotB. Not tooC. DontD. Dont to【答案】C【解析】祈使句的否定形式是在句子前面加dont,故选C。3. Look at the sign; what does it mean? It means _. A. Dont talkingB. No talkingC. Not talk【答案】B【解析】表示不要说话可以使用Dont talk. 或No talking. 两种形式,因此选B项
5、。祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换1. Lets + 动词原形 + 其他可转换为Shall we + 动词原形 + 其他? 。Lets go fishing this afternoon. =Shall we go fishing this afternoon? 2. 祈使句 + and/or + 简单句可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。Use your head, and youll find a way. =If you use your head, youll find a way. Hurry up, or well be late. =If we dont hurry up,
6、 well be late. 【典例】_ a dairy every day and youll improve your writing. A. KeepingB. To keepC. KeepD. If you keep【答案】C【解析】句意:每天记日记,那么你将会提高你的写作水平。祈使句(动词原形居首) + and you will. 意为做,你就会。故选C。祈使句的应答语1. 以Lets开头的祈使句,其答语常用Good idea. /OK. /Yes, Id love to. 等。Lets go to the park. 让我们去公园吧。Good idea. 好主意。2. 其他肯定祈使
7、句的应答语为Yes, I will.;否定祈使句的应答语为Sorry/No, I wont(do it again).。Its going to rain. Remember to take an umbrella with you. 就要下雨了。记着带上雨伞。Thanks, I will. 谢谢,我会的。Dont play with my cat. 不要和我的猫玩。Sorry, I wont do it again. 对不起,我将不再那样做了。 【典例】Wish you good luck in the entrance exam. _. The same to you. A. Thank
8、youB. See youC. Im sorry to hear that【答案】A【解析】对别人的美好祝愿应表示感谢。故选A。祈使句用法口诀祈使句,无主语,动词开头就可以。表示请求或命令,加上please表客气。要想变成否定句,Dont开头别忘记。 1.Last summer holiday, I didnt go anywhere. How boring!_ But Im going somewhere for a holiday this summer.A. Neither I didB. Neither did IC. So did ID. So I did【参考答案】B【试题解析】句
9、意:去年暑假,我哪儿都没去,真无聊!我也是,但是今年夏天我打算去找个地方度假。Neither I did形式错误;Neither did I.我也没有;So did I.我也一样,只能用于肯定句;So I did.我的确那样做了。根据对话中But Im going somewhere for a holiday this summer.可知第二个说话人也是哪儿都没去,neither是否定的意思,位于句首,应用倒装结构,故选B。 此题考查倒装句,neither + 助动词 + 主语 是倒装句,表示否定含义,意为我也不,此题上句表示去年暑假,我哪儿都没去。,下句表示我也哪里也没去,助动词为did,
10、故用Neither did I,So did I 表示我也去过,不符合语境。倒装句倒装作为一种语法现象,主要包括完全倒装(有的书称之为全部倒装)和部分倒装(有的书称之为半倒装或不完全例装)两种。完全倒装就是把谓语动词完全放在主语之前,而部分倒装就是把助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主语之前。部分倒装倒装条件例句一般疑问句中,将助动词放到主语之前,构成部分倒装。Do you like eating apples?你喜欢吃苹果吗?特殊疑问句中,疑问词作宾语、表语或状语,需要将其置于句首,将助动词置于主语前构成部分倒装。Where have you been these days?这些天你到哪里去了?o
11、nly+状语/状语从句位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装。Only in this way can you improve your grade. 只有用这种方法你才能提高自己的成绩。表示否定意义的词或短语,如little, hardly, never, in no case, seldom等,放在句首时,句子要用部分倒装。Hardly a day goes by without a visit from someone. 几乎没有一天没有来访者。虚拟条件句中,从句谓语部分中有were, had或should可省略if,把were,had或should提到主语前。Should we succeed,
12、 we would be rich. 我们一旦成功就发财了。 so. that.句型中,so+adj. /adv.位于句首时。So fast did he run that we couldnt catch up with him. 他跑得如此快,以至于我们赶不上他。表示也(不) 的句式,即so/neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be+主语形式。I dont like it; neither do I care it. 我不喜欢它,也不在意它。某些含有否定含义的词位于句首时,如not onlybut also,hardlywhen,nosoonerthan, notuntil等,主句用
13、部分倒装。Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。may表示祝愿时用部分倒装。May you have a good time! 祝你玩得愉快!【易错警示】1.特殊疑问句中,如果疑问词作主语或修饰主语时,则不用倒装。Who knows the answer to this question?谁知道这个问题的答案?2. so+主语+谓语结构不用倒装。Jimmy is good at playing football. 吉米足球踢得很好。So he is. 的确。【典例】Kunming i
14、s really a comfortable city to live in._. The weather is pleasant.A. So it is B. So is it C. So it does D. So does it【答案】A【解析】句意:昆明真是个非常舒服的居住城市。答语表示昆明的确如此,要用so+主语+谓语结构,即so it is。完全倒装倒装条件例句表示方位、地点、时间、次序的词,如in, out,up, there, then, here, first等放在句首,若主语是名词而不是代词时,句子用完全倒装Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。Here he
15、 comes. 他来了。分词短语置于句首时,句子用完全倒装Lying on the couch is an old lady. 躺在睡椅上的是一位老太太。There be句型是全倒装的一种There are a number of teachers and students in the school. 在这所学校有很多老师和学生。作表语的such位于句首时Such are the most powerful voices of our times!这些就是我们时代的最强音!【巧学助记】全部倒装并不难,需要记住这几点;位置副词there句首,表语such提句前,介词短语表地点,全部倒装谓在前。
16、【典例】1. I have read the book Sence and Sensibility. _.A. So have I B. Neither have I C. So I have【答案】A【解析】答语表示我也读过这本书,用so+助动词+主语结构,即So have I。2. Im not going swimming this afternoon._. I have to help my mother do some cleaning.A. So am I B. So I am C. Neither am I D. Neither I【答案】C【解析】由答语后半句可知,此处表示我也
17、不去,故要用neither + be+主语结构,故选C。【辨析】so助动词/be动词/情态动词主语和neither助动词/be动词/情态动词主语的区别区别so助动词/be动词/情态动词主语依附于肯定句,表示前边的肯定情况也适合后边的人(物),意为也。neither助动词/be动词/情态动词主语依附于否定句,表示前边的否定情况也适合后边的人(物),意为也不。Tom watched TV last night, so did Ann.汤姆昨晚看电视了,安也看了。Mary didnt watch TV last night, neither did Jim.玛丽昨晚没有看电视,吉姆也没看。【注意】若
18、对前面所说的事实加以肯定时,应用so主语be/助动词/情态动词。此时前后两个句子的主语为同一个人或物。这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物,意思是某人(物)也(不)是这样。这种结构中的助动词/be动词/情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致,而其单复数形式则由后句的主语决定。Lucy is a good student, so is Lily. 露西是个好学生,莉莉也是。倒装句速记口诀副词开头要例装,人称代词则如常。only修饰副介状,位于句首半倒装。否定意义副连词,既不也不须倒装。表语前置主语长,衔接自然常倒装。such代词做表语,引起主谓要倒装。Not only开头句,
19、前一分句须倒装。had,were,should虚拟句,省略if半倒装。1.More and more people prefer to walk rather than ride in cars. . Walking is good for health.A. So they areB. So are theyC. So they doD. So do they【答案】C【解析】句意:越来越多的人宁愿走路也不愿坐车。确实如此,步行对健康有好处。So+助动词/系动词+主语是部分倒装结构,表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者;后一句子若只是重复前句的意思,主语仍是上文的人或物,表示对上文所
20、讲事实的肯定或强调,则用So +主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词结构。上句prefer to walk是动词短语,本句需用相应的助动词,可排除系词are;根据Walking is good for health.可知这里是重复前句的意思,为加强语气,需用So +主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词结构,故选C。2.Wang Bin has never stopped smoking, _ he?_, he hasnt. Although his wife always advises him not to.A. has; YesB. hasnt; YesC. has; NoD. hasnt; No【答
21、案】C【解析】句意:王斌绝不戒烟,是吗?是的,他绝不戒烟。尽管他妻子总是劝他不要抽烟。考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句构成有两种形式:(1)前肯后否,前句是肯定的陈述句,后句是否定简短问句;(2)前否后肯,前句是否定的陈述句,后句肯定的简短问句。无论哪种形式,其回答要根据事实回答,形式保持一致,肯定回答是Yes, do/does/is/has等,否定回答No, dont/doesnt/isnt/hasnt等。本句前句有never可知是否定的陈述句,可知后面使用肯定的简短问句,填has;本句是否定回答,可知填No;故选C。3.There is nothing left in the fridge, _
22、?_. Lets go to the supermarket to buy some. A. is there; YesB. isnt there; YesC. is there; NoD. isnt there; No【答案】C【解析】句意:冰箱里什么都没有了,是吗?是的,我们去超市买些吧。原句是含be动词的一般现在时,根据句中的nothing可知陈述句部分是否定,所以反意疑问句用肯定is there,反意疑问句的回答根据事实肯定用yes,否定用no,根据Lets go to the supermarket to buy some我们去超市买些吧,可知用no。故选C。 4.Steven ha
23、d nothing for breakfast this morning,_?No. Because he had a fever. A. hadnt heB. had heC. didnt heD. did he【答案】D【解析】原句是一般过去时,根据句中的nothing可知陈述句部分是否定,所以反意疑问句用肯定did he,故选D。5.He didnt go to school, did he? _, though he had a stomachache. A. No, he didnt B. Yes, he didnt C. Yes, he did D. No, he did【答案】C
24、【解析】句意:他没有上学,是吗?不,他上学了。虽然他肚子痛。本题考查反意疑问句的回答,反意疑问句的回答根据事实肯定用yes,否定用no,由thoughhehadastomachache虽然他肚子痛,可知用Yes he did。不,他上学了。故选C。6.Peter has made great progress in English recently._. He has been studying so hard these days.A. So have heB. So he hasC. So he haveD. So has he【答案】B【解析】句意:彼得最近在英语方面取得重大进步。的确如
25、此。他这些天一直在努力学习。so +助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语,表示前面所说的情况也适合后者,意思是也是,前后句的主语不同;so+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词,表示对前面情况的一种肯定,意思是的确如此。根据He has been studying so hard these days.可知近来彼得取得了很大进步,在这里要表示确实是这样,用so+主语+谓语,排除C,D;句子的时态是现在完成时,主语是he,所以用has,故答案为B。7. _ more books, and you will improve your reading skills. A.Reading B.Read C.R
26、eads 【答案】B【解析】句意:多读书,你就会提高你的阅读技巧。该句为祈使句,祈使句的肯定句通常以动词原形开头,故选B。8. _ me an email before you come to Hohhot, and Ill meet you at the train station. A. Send B. Sending C. To send D. Sent【答案】A【解析】根据句意:你来呼和浩特之前给我发一封电子邮件,我在火车站等你。可知句子 是祈使句,以动词原形开头。故选A。9.【2019 四川省眉山市中考】_ noise pollution, and we can live in a
27、quiet environment.A. PreventB. PreventingC. PreventedD. To prevent【答案】A【解析】考查动词形式辨析。句意:防止噪音污染,我们可以生活在一个安静的环境里。本句是祈使句+ and +陈述句固定结构,祈使句相当于条件句;祈使句省略主语you,直接以动词原形开头,故选A。1. Dont touch these new buttons. Sorry, I _. A. am not B. wont C. dont D. didnt 【答案】B【解析】句意:不要触摸那些新按钮。对不起,我不会了。该句考查祈使句的否定句。当对方以祈使句的形式要
28、求你不做某件事的时候,我们应该回答“Sorry, I wont.”。2.Mike likes playing basketball A. So does he.B. So he isC. So she doesD. So he does【答案】D【解析】句意:-迈克喜欢打篮球。-确实如此。考查句式。So+主语+助动词,确实如此。此结构中主语就是前一句的主语;so +助动词+主语,也一样。结构中的主语与前一句的主语是两个不同的主语。A. So does he.主语he即为Mike,所以要用So+主语+助动词,故A项错误;B. So he is前一句中动词为行为动词likes,所以助动词要用doe
29、s,故B错误;C. So she does. Mike男孩,主语she错误;D. So he does.确实如此。故答案为D。3. _ challenges actively, and then youll try your best to overcome them and you will become a better person.A. To faceB. FaceC. FacingD. Faces【答案】B【解析】句意“积极地面对挑战,然后你将会尽你最大的努力来克服他们并且成为一个更好的人”。根据句意可知,用祈使句+and+陈述句(一般将来时)。祈使句省略主语you,直接以动词原形开
30、头,故选B。4. -Please dont stay up too late. Its bad for your health. - _. A. No, I didnt B. No, I wont C. No, I will D. Yes, I do【答案】B【解析】句意:请不要熬夜到很晚。对你的健康有害。对,我不那样了。考查祈使句的答句。上一句为祈使句的否定句,故答句要表接受别人的请求、建议或要求时,就用“Sorry/ No, I wont.”,故选B。6. You to play the guitar?Yes,but now I play the piano. A. Did; use B.
31、 Did; used C. Are; used D. Were; use【答案】A【解析】句意:你过去弹吉他吗?是的,但是现在我弹钢琴。Used to表“过去,曾经”,构成疑问句时通常加助动词did,后面的used去掉字母-d。故选A。7._ do you go to the theatre?I seldom go there because I like seeing movies online.A. How longB. How soonC. How oftenD. How many times【答案】C【解析】句意:-你多久去一次剧院?-我很少去那里,因为我喜欢在网上看电影。考查特殊疑问
32、句。A. How long多久,多长时间,询问做某事做了多长时间;B. How soon多久,询问从现在起再过多长时间,一般用于将来时;C. How often多久一次,多长时间一次,询问做某事的频度;D. How many times多少次。根据回答“我很少去那里”可知询问“去剧院的频度”;可知填How often;选C。8._ here quickly, Alice. I have something exciting to tell you.A. ComingB. ComesC. ComeD. To come【答案】C 【解析】句意:快来这里,爱丽丝。我有激动人心的事要告诉你。祈使句有肯
33、定祈使句和否定祈使句,肯定祈使句以动词原形开头,否定祈使句以dont+动词原形开头,结合句意和语境可知选C。9.Im worried about my English._ harder, _ you will catch up with your classmates.A. Working;andB. To work;orC. Work;andD. Worked;or【答案】C 【解析】句意:我担心我的英语。努力学习吧,你会赶上你的同学的。祈使句 + and + 陈述句表示递进,做了前面的事,就会有后面的结果;祈使句 + or + 陈述句表示转折,做了(不做)前者,就不会有后面的结果。故选C。
34、10.Dont _ late for class.A. beingB. beC. to be【答案】B 【解析】句意:上课不要迟到。根据句意及题干分析此题是考查祈使句,祈使句是以动词原形开头,否定句在前面加dont,所以应选B。11.Tony, _ play with the mobile phone while youre walking in the street. A. dontB. doesntC. wontD. cant【答案】A 【解析】句意:托尼,当你走在街上的时候不要玩手机。dont 不要;doesnt用于主语是第三人称单数的时候;wont不会,是will not的缩写;can
35、t不能,不会。这是一个祈使句,托尼并不是句子的主语,而且是否定的祈使句,故在句首应该用dont,选A。12. _ that I couldnt see the magicians performance myself. My parents dont allow me to go outside alone.A. Be sureB. Its a pityC. Make sure【答案】B 【解析】句意:很可惜我不能亲自去看那个魔术师的表演了。我的父母不允许我独自出外。be sure确保;its a pity很可惜;make sure保证。故选B。13. I hope to visit Beij
36、ing one day. _. A. So I do B. So do I C. Yes, I hope to do D. Yes, I will 【答案】B【解析】本题为倒装句。so+助动词+主语(当主语和上文中的主语是同一人或事物时),so+主语+助动词(当主语与上文的主语不是同一人时)。14. Jim and I will go to the post office this afternoon. _. _ go together? A. So I do; Why dont B. So do I; What about C. So I will; How about D. So will I; Shall we【答案】D【解析】so引导的倒装句,如果主语与上文不一致,就用完全倒装,故选D。