1、专题限时集训(十一)阅读理解词义猜测之代词指代A (2019绵阳市诊断性考试)When I was a kid，I was the girl who kept the training wheels on my bike as long as possible. Even my younger sister had got rid of them much earlier than me. But as I began to grow older，this changed.All this happened on the Bike Safety Day. It is supposed to b
2、e a fun day at school when all of us kids bring our bikes to school and the school provides us with the opportunity to ride outside and learn proper bike safety.Sounds like fun，right？No.In fact，it caused me to panic.What was I going to say when my friends asked me about my training wheels?With the p
3、ressure of everyone seeing my training wheels，I determined to let them go.This was the first big change Id ever made on my own.I went to my parents and told them all about my dilemma.They were more than happy to help.We went outside and got my bike.Instead of running away and hiding behind，I stood i
4、n front of my bike and took great pride in my decision as my dad removed the training wheels.I got on and steadied myself. My heart raced but my feet and hands were calm.My dad started to push before my feet even moved and suddenly I was off.The fear faded away and a relaxed mind came into its place
5、. It was crazy to think how quickly I learned something that took so long for me to even try!My confidence soared(高涨)This was going to be the start of a brand new world for me. My accomplishment would carry me forth to new goals and wins.I realized that if I set my mind on doing something，I could ac
6、hieve it.【语篇解读】本文讲述了作者小时候迟迟不敢去掉自行车的稳定轮，在学校“自行车安全日”来临之前因为害怕同学看见她的稳定轮而最终下决心去掉它们。 1What does the school expect the students to do on Bike Safety Day?AHave their bikes checked.BRide outside for fun.CAcquire bike safety skills.DRemove the training wheels.C考查细节理解。根据第二段中的the school provides us with the opp
7、ortunity to ride outside and learn proper bike safety可知，学校想让学生在“自行车安全日”学会一些自行车安全技能，故选C项。2What does the underlined word“them” in Paragraph 3 refer to?AThe authors friends.BThe authors parents.CThe safety problems.DThe training wheels.D考查词义猜测。根据语境及画线词所在句的前半部分With the pressure of everyone seeing my tra
8、ining wheels可知，作者迫于害怕别人看见自己的自行车稳定轮的压力才决心去掉它们，故画线词指的就是“稳定轮”，故选D项。3What happened when the author finally rode without the training wheels?AShe felt extremely embarrassed.BEverything turned out to be easy.CShe ended up falling down.DHer sisters followed her example.B考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，长时间不敢尝试的东西，作者竟学
9、得很快，由此可推知只要努力尝试，就没有解决不了的难事，故选B项。4What does the author think is necessary for her to achieve a goal?APatience.BDetermination.CPressure. DConcentration.B考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者意识到如果自己下定决心做一件事的话，自己就会做到。由此可推知，作者认为对于她来说实现一个目标的关键在于决心，故选B项。B (2019广州市综合测试)In 1874，Francis Galton，a British professor，analysed t
10、o sample of English scientists and found the vast majority to be firstborn sons.This led him to theories that firstborn children enjoyed a special level of attention from their parents that allowed them to advance intellectually.Half a century later Alfred Adler，an Austrian psychologist，made a simil
11、ar argument relating to personality.Firstborn children，he suggested，were more diligent，while the laterborn were more outgoing and emotionally stable.Many subsequent studies have explored these ideas，but their findings have been variedsome supporting and some rejecting the original conclusions.The ma
12、in problem with the previous studies is that they were too smalloften limited to a few dozen individuals.This would be true even if the statistical methods needed to analyse the data were simple，but they are not. Distinguishing birth order effects from those caused by family size matters，meaning sti
13、ll bigger samples must be analysed to obtain meaningful results.To overcome the limitation of these earlier studies，German social scientist Dr Helmet Schmukle and his colleagues analysed three huge sets of date from America，Britain and Germany.These data sets，though collected for other purposes，incl
14、uded personality and intelligence tests on 20，186 people at different stages of their lives.The American tests were on individuals aged between 29 and 35. The British tests were conducted on 50yearolds. The German tests ran the whole span of adult life，from 18 to 98.Birth order，they found，had no eff
15、ect on personality：firstborn children were no more，nor less，likely than their younger siblings to be hardworking，outgoing or anxious.But it did affect intelligence.In a family with two children，the first child was more intelligent than the second 60% of the time，rather than the 50% that would be exp
16、ected by chance.On average，this translated to a difference of 1.5 IQ points between first and second siblings.That figure agrees with previous studies，and thus looks confirmed.It is，nevertheless，quite a small differenceand whether it is enough to account for Galtons original observation is unclear.I
17、n any event，it is certainly not deterministic.Galton was the youngest of nine.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。英国教授曾经提出，老大由于受到父母特殊的关注，智商比老二高，奥地利心理学家阿尔弗雷德阿德勒在半个世纪后也提出相似的观点。但是，德国社会科学家Helmet Schmukle博士经过新的研究发现，出生顺序对性格没有影响，但是确实会影响孩子的智力。5Alfred Adler concluded that firstborn children were Amore stableBmore sociableCmore i
18、ntelligentDmore hardworkingD考查细节理解。根据第一段第四句可知，奥地利心理学家阿尔弗雷德阿德勒认为，头胎的孩子更勤奋，而晚出生的孩子更外向，情绪更稳定。故D项正确。6What does the underlined“they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe data.BThe analyses.CThe previous studies.DThe statistical methods.D考查代词指代。根据第二段第二句可知，分析数据所需的统计方法很简单，但事实并非如此。据此可推知，该句中的they指代句中的statistical meth
19、ods，故D项正确。7Why was Schmukles study considered superior to previous research?AIt involved a wider age range.BIt had a much larger sample size.CIt included a larger number of countries.DIt was conducted over a longer period of time.B考查细节理解。根据第三段前两句可知，为了克服这些早期研究的局限性，德国社会科学家Helmet Schmukle博士和他的同事分析了来自美国
20、、英国和德国的三大数据集，这些数据对不同生活阶段的20 186人进行了性格和智力测试。据此可知，Helmet Schmukle博士研究的先进之处是研究的样例较多，故B项正确。8Why does the author mention Galtons family background in the last paragraph?ATo confirm Galtons difficult upbringing.BTo suggest Galtons theory may not be correct.CTo compare his experience with Galtons parents.D
21、To explain why Galton was interested in birth order.B考查写作意图。根据第一段前两句可知，Galton教授的结论是，由于得到父母特殊的关注，第一个出生的孩子智商较高；根据尾段可知，这种结论是否能充分解释Galton最初的观察结果是不确定的，Galton是家中最小的孩子，而他是一名教授。据此可推知，尾段提出Galton的家庭背景旨在说明Galton的理论可能是错误的，故B项正确。C (2019洛阳市统一考试)There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may t
22、hink.On an individual level，we grow up eating the food of our culture.It becomes a part of who we are.Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families，holding a special and personal value for us.Food from our family often becomes the comfort
23、food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.On a large scale，traditional food is an important part of culture.It also operates as an expression of culture identity.Immigrants bring it wherever they go，and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.M
24、any immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes.However，the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available，so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Addit
25、ionally，immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them，but to people from different countries.Therefore，they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers.Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural sig
26、nificance of the dishes.We should embrace our heritage(传统) through our cultures food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food.It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs，and is special to those who prepare it.Food i
27、s a window into culture，and it should be treated as such.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了食物和文化之间的联系。9Whats the function of food mentioned in the text?ATo help motivate homesickness.BTo show national identity.CTo reflect a countrys history.DTo show a communitys superiority.B考查细节理解。根据第一段的内容，尤其是第二、三句，再根据第二段的内容，尤其是
28、第二句可知，文章中提到的食物的作用是显示国家身份。10What does the underlined“it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe specific traditional food.BThe national culture.CA traditional expression of food.DThe oldfashioned taste.A考查词义猜测。通读第二段可知，传统食物是文化的一个重要部分，它显示了文化身份，移民不管去哪里都带着它，它象征着对自己文化的骄傲，也是处理乡愁的方法。由此可推知，it指代传统食物。11Why do some immig
29、rants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant?ATo attach cultural importance to their dishes.BTo announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.CTo make the dishes popular among customers.DTo present their own food culture in a new way.C考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容，尤其是第四、五句可知。移民不仅把菜肴卖给来自相同国家的人，而且卖给不同国家的人。为了使菜肴受到顾客的欢迎，一些移民不得不改变传统的菜肴。12Whats the authors attitude towards different food cultures?ANegative.BBalanced.CUnfair. DUnchangeable.B考查观点态度。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是第一句可知，我们应该通过我们文化的食物来接受我们的传统，但也应该通过尝试其他文化的食物来了解更多文化。由此可推知，作者对不同的食物文化持客观公正的态度。
