1、Section Language Points () (Warmup & Lesson 1).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1It is my principle(原则) to help others as possible as I can.2Oil pollution could damage the ecology(生态) of the coral reefs (珊瑚礁)3The man works as the presidents consultant(顾问) on economic affairs.4All of us advocate(主张) leading a lo
2、wcarbon life.5Sibson realized he was trapped(困住)6What experience do you have that is relevant to this position?7They broke my windows and threatened me.8We always keep some money in reserve，just in case.9My brother is very interested in wildlife conservation10By coincidence，we arrived there at the s
3、ame time.拓展词汇根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词1consult vt.咨询；商议consultant n顾问2reserve n保护区 v保留，预约reserved adj.预定的，保留的reservation n保留；保护3conserve vt.保护conservation n保护4agriculture n农业agricultural adj.农业的5advocate vt.主张，提倡advocation n提倡6threat n威胁threatening adj.威胁的，恐吓的.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1be harmful to对有害2at risk有危险，处于危险中
4、3a number of一些4beyond ones control超出的控制；不受的控制5speed up加快速度6look ahead展望未来7refer to指；提及；参考8in turn依次，轮流9lead to引起，导致10as a result of由于，因为11take action采取行动12switch off关掉13add up把加起来14ahead of在的前面.选词填空用上述短语的适当形式填空1Its said that this disease has led to many deaths.2Liu Xiang is not always ahead of the o
5、ther runners.3Looking ahead, we are full of confidence and joy.4Complete the exercise without referring to a dictionary.5After the bell rang, the pupils walked out of the classroom in turnv.antn.beyondn.复合短语accountant会计assistant助手participant参与者beyond imagination超出想象beyond expression难以描述beyond belief
6、难以置信背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Without these naturally occurring gases, the suns rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光线将会被反射回太空中去，地球将处于寒冷之中，生命也就不可能在地球上存在。含蓄虚拟条件的虚拟语气。现在分词(短语)作状语。leave宾语宾语补足语。Without electronic computers, much of todays advanced te
7、chnology would not have been achieved.没有电子计算机，今天很多先进的科技就不会取得成功。He got off the bus hurriedly，leaving his umbrella on the bus.他匆匆忙忙地下了公交车，将雨伞遗忘在车上了。2.The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has risen by more than 30% in the last 250 years with half of this increase occurring since 1960.在过去的250年
8、里，大气中的二氧化碳含量已经增加了30%以上，而其中的一半是在1960年以后增加的。with的复合结构。(2019全国卷，完形填空)I find a clean mountain，with toilets at camps and along the paths.我发现了一座干净的山，营地和沿途都有厕所。3.Given this data, it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.考虑到这一数据，人类活动与正在上升的全球温
9、度之间的关联似乎不仅仅是一个巧合。given为介词，意为“鉴于；考虑到”。Given his support，I think well win the election.如果有他的支持，我想我们会赢得这次选举。trap vt.使困住；设陷阱捕捉 n陷阱；罗网；捕捉器；(陷害人的)圈套；诡计；阴谋(教材P5)Because of the greenhouse effect，the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.由于温室效应，滞留在大气层的气体使地球变暖。(1)trap sb.into (doing) sth.使某人陷入(做)
10、某事的圈套中be/get trapped in 被困在中(2)fall into the trap of doing sth. 落入做某事的圈套中set/lay a trap for 为设圈套But for now, the Strips population of 1.8 million people are trapped in the crossfire.但是现在加沙地带的180万人仍然生活在战事的水深火热当中。They trapped him into signing(sign) the contract.他们诱骗他签了合同。Mary set a trap for Peter and
11、he really fell into it.玛丽给彼特设了个圈套，而他真中计了。 a number of 许多(教材P132)Jim，at the moment，youre working in botanical gardens to save a number of endangered birds.吉姆，现在你正在植物园从事拯救濒危鸟类的工作。表示“许多，大量”的词或短语有：复数名词many a单数名词(谓语动词用单数形式)不可数名词可数名词复数或不可数名词We have plenty of time to finish the job.我们有充裕的时间来完成这项工作。I have k
12、nown her for a great many years.我认识她好多年了。明辨异同a number of/the number ofa number of是“许多”的意思，修饰可数名词复数或代词，谓语动词用复数the number of是“的数目”的意思，修饰可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数a number of，the number ofThe number of students in the university has increased to 10，000.A number of people ran into the hall and wanted to see what ha
13、d happened there. beyond prep. 超出 adv.在更远处，另外(教材P6)In the last few decades，scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earths climatesomething previously seen as beyond our control.在过去的几十年里，科学家一致认为，人们正在造成地球气候的变化这是一种原来被认为是超出我们控制能力的现象。beyond belief难以置信be
14、yond controlout of control不受约束，不受控制beyond description无法描述beyond ones power超出某人权限beyond ones reachout of ones reach使某人够不到beyond words无法用语言表达Put the medicine beyond childens reach.把药放到孩子够不到的地方。Sweden is lovely in summercold beyond belief in winter.瑞典的夏天非常宜人冬天却冷得让人难以置信。 look ahead展望未来；向前看(教材P6)Looking
15、ahead，scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century.展望未来，科学家们认为全球变暖可能是21世纪面临的最大的环境问题之一。look down on/upon轻视；看不起look up to仰慕；尊敬look up(形势)好转；查阅；抬头看look forward to期待；盼望(to为介词)look into调查；审查look for寻找look through快速浏览；审核；仔细查看look out当心，小
16、心；向外看We look up to the woman because shes a real singer.我们尊敬这个女孩，因为她是一个真正的歌唱家。Doctors are looking into the cases for new treatment of H7N9.医生正在研究这些病例以发现治疗H7N9的新方法。Children are always looking forward to the coming of the Spring Festival.孩子们总是盼望着春节的到来。 (教材P6) Global warming refers to an average increa
17、se in the Earths temperature thatin turn，leads to climate change.全球变暖指的是地球温度平均增长，继而导致气候变化。(1)refer to 指，意即；提到；参考，查阅写出下列句中refer to的含义The mother never referred to her son again for some reasons.提到You can refer to the text while doing exercises.查阅I was referring to you when I said some young people wer
18、e impolite.指；意即(1)refer to .as.把当作refer.to.把提交给；让查询(2)reference n.参考；查阅a reference book参考书John referred to the discovery as a major breakthrough in medical science.约翰称这项发现是医学领域里的一项重大突破。These reference(refer) books are necessary to us.这些参考书是我们必须的。名师点津“查字典”的表达法还有：查阅字典look up a word in a dictionary 在词典
19、中查找一个单词(2)in turn 依次，轮流；转而；反过来by turns轮流，交替地take turns doing/to do sth.轮流做某事Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事in return作为回报Theyll take turns to be monitor of the class.他们将轮流当班长。Its our turn to help(help) the grandmother.轮到我们帮助这位老奶奶了。名师点津in turn中的turn用单数，而by turns和take turns中的turn用复数。(3)lead to 引起；导致lea
20、d sb.to a place领某人去某地lead sb.to sth.使某人得出(结论，观点等)lead sb.to do sth.使得某人做某事lead sb.in doing sth.领导某人做某事What leads you to the conclusion that he isnt fit for the job?是什么让你得出他不称职这一结论的？He had led everyone to believe(believe) that his family was very wealthy.他使得大家都相信他家境富裕。 condemn vt.迫使(某人)陷入不幸的境地；宣判；责怪(
21、教材P6).we are condemning life on Earth and should expect severe consequences.我们将宣告地球生命的终结，并应该能想到其严重的后果。be condemned to death被判死刑condemn sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而谴责某人或告某人有罪condemn sb.to do sth.判某人做某事，迫使某人陷入不幸的境地She was condemned to death for killing her husband.她因杀害亲夫被判死刑。She knew that society would
22、condemn her for leaving(leave) her children.她知道社会会谴责她遗弃孩子。 sacrifice vt.牺牲；献出(教材P6)Many people believe that they are simply not prepared to sacrifice the amount of money they make from industry to save the Earth.许多人认为他们只是不愿意牺牲自己从工业中赚到的钱来拯救地球。(1)sacrifice.for.为而牺牲/献出sacrifice.to do sth.为做某事而牺牲(2)sacr
23、ifice n.牺牲make sacrifices做出牺牲at the sacrifice of以牺牲为代价She sacrificed everything for her children.她为子女牺牲了一切。He became an excellent writer at the sacrifice of all his spare time.他牺牲了自己所有的业余时间，成为了一名优秀的作家。 Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrific
24、es(sacrifice)几乎每个祖父母都想和他或她的孙辈孩子一起，也愿意做出牺牲。 take action 采取行动(教材P6)But why wait around for governments to take action？但是为什么要等政府来采取行动呢？in action在运转out of action失灵；失效；受伤put/call/bring sth.into action使开始运作；启动take action to do sth.采取行动做某事take measures/steps to do sth.采取措施做某事My car is out of action because
25、 it has run out of gas.我的车因为没有油而动弹不得。The plan they made last week hasnt been put into action yet.他们上周制订的计划还没有实行。We must take action to prevent(prevent) the river from being polluted.我们必须采取行动阻止河流被污染。 advocate vt.主张；提倡n.提倡者；拥护者(教材P6)Experts advocate that each person play their part.专家主张每个人都发挥作用。(1)adv
26、ocate doing sth.提倡/主张做某事advocate that.(should)do .主张做(从句用虚拟语气)(2)an advocate of sth.支持某事的人，的倡导者/拥护者The report advocated all buildings should be fitted with smoke detectors.这份报告主张所有建筑物都应安装烟雾探测器。We advocate solving(solve) the international dispute by peaceful means.我们主张通过和平方式解决国际争端。语境助记Lots of experts
27、 and parents advocate reducing childrens homework and advocate that children (should) be given more free time.许多专家及家长主张削减孩子的家庭作业量，并提倡给予孩子更多的自由时间。 substitute vt.用代替n.代替品；代用品(教材P6)After all，theres no substitute for our Earth.毕竟，地球没有替代品。He took away her only tool for knowing and provided her with no su
28、bstitute.他拿走了她唯一的求知工具，但是并未给她提供一个替代品。(1)as a substitute (for.)作为(的)代替者/代用品a substitute for sb./sth.代替的人或物be no substitute for是不可以代替的(2)用A代替Bsubstitute for sb./sth.代替/取代某人/某物They substituted paper money for gold.They substituted gold with/by paper.他们用纸币取代了黄金。Butter can be substituted with margarine in
29、 this recipe.做这道菜可以用人造黄油代替黄油。 (教材P6)Without these naturally occurring gases，the suns rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光线将会被反射回太空中，使得地球处于寒冷之中而不适合生命的存在。【要点提炼】本句为一个含蓄虚拟条件句，“Without these naturally occurring gases”在句中表示虚拟条件，相当于虚拟条件句“if th
30、ere were not these naturally occurring gases.”。含蓄虚拟条件句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在的虚拟条件，如but for，without，otherwise等。But for his help，we would not have succeeded.If it had not been for his help，we would not have succeeded.要不是他帮忙，我们是不会成功的。Im really busy，otherwise，I would certainly go with you.我确实很忙，不然的话，
31、我就和你一起去了。 (教材P6)The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has risen by more than 30% in the last 250 years with half of this increase occurring since 1960在过去的250年里，大气中的二氧化碳含量已经增加了30%以上，而其中的一半是在1960年以后增加的。【要点提炼】句中出现了with复合结构：with宾语(half of this increase)宾语补足语(occurring since 1960)，该结构在句中作伴随状语。wi
32、th复合结构在句中常作定语或状语。其结构如下：The peasants have a good harvest with all the crops got(get) in.庄稼收割了，农民们有了一个好收成。The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.老师手里拿着书进了教室。So in the afternoon, with nothing to do(do), I went on a round of the bookshops. 由于下午无事可做，我就去书店转了转。 (教材P6)Given this data，it s
33、eems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.考虑到这个数据，人类活动与正在上升的全球温度之间的关联似乎不仅仅是一个巧合。【要点提炼】句中given this data在此为介词短语作状语，不要误以为是过去分词作状语，given在此为介词，也可作连词。given/considering考虑到；鉴于seeing (that)从句鉴于；考虑到provided/providing(that)如果；假设；在条件下suppose/supposin
34、g (that)假定；假设；设想Provided (that)there is no opposition，I will act as representative of our class.倘若没人反对的话，我将担任本班的代表。Considering(consider)(that)he did not study，he did well on the test.考虑到他没有用功，考得还算不错。(教材P6)A temperature increase of 1 F may not sound like a lot，but if we continue to produce carbon dio
35、xide and other gases in such huge quantities，we are condemning life on Earth and should expect severe consequences.【分析】该句中but连接两个并列分句；在后一分句中，if引导条件状语从句。【翻译】气温升高1华氏度也许听起来无关紧要，但是如果我们继续制造如此多的二氧化碳和其他气体，我们将宣告地球生命的终结，并应该能想到其严重的后果。语 境 自 主 领 悟观察原句He said，“Im busy preparing for the final exam now. ”He said t
36、hat he was busy preparing for the final exam then.“Do you want the green shirt or the blue one？”asked mother.Mother asked whether/if I wanted the green shirt or the blue one.The old man said，“Dont come here again next week.”The old man asked us not to go there again the next week.Our teacher said，“P
37、ractice makes perfect. ”Our teacher said practice makes perfect.“Where did you spend your holiday this year, Jack？”She asked.She asked Jack where he had spent his holiday that year.自主感悟1.由句可知，当直接引语为陈述句变为间接引语时，时态、人称、时间状语以及指示代词等通常要改变，然后再加上连词that引导间接引语，that一般可省。2.由句可知，当直接引语为一般疑问句变为间接引语时，首先变为陈述句语序，然后再加上
38、连词if或whether来引导间接引语。3.由句可知，当直接引语为祈使句时，要加上合适的动词，如ask，tell，order，require，demand等动词作谓语，然后将该祈使句变成动词不定式作宾补。4.由句可知，当直接引语为谚语、格言以及客观真理、自然现象时，间接引语中的谓语动词不用改变，仍使用一般现在时态。5.由句可知，当直接引语为特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，首先将其变为陈述句语序，仍用原来的疑问词引导。一、常见的转述结构1动词that.that引导的从句为间接引语。常用动词有add，admit，agree，announce，believe，boast，claim，complain，de
39、ny，declare，explain，insist，remind，suggest，warn等。They announced that she would give one extra song.他们宣布她将再唱一首歌。 He believes that she is fit for the job.他相信她能胜任这项工作。2动词sb.that.常用动词有warn，remind，tell等。He warned me that I couldnt go out alone at night.他警告我晚上不能单独出去。She reminded me that I hadnt written to M
40、other.她提醒我还没有给母亲写信。3动词sb.to do sth.常用动词有advise，beg，order，promise等。The doctor advised me to take more exercise.医生建议我多加锻炼。I promised my mother to get up early in the morning.我向妈妈承诺早上早起。4动词to do sth.常用动词有agree，offer，refuse，threaten等。He offered to lend me some books。他主动提出要借给我一些书。The boss threatened to d
41、ismiss us if we didnt obey him.老板威胁我们说，如果违背他就开除我们。5动词v.ing常用动词有admit，deny，suggest，advocate等。She suggested staying there another day.她建议在那儿再待一天。He denied having seen these watches before.他否认曾经见过这些手表。6动词if/whether.常用动词有inquire，ask等。She asked whether/if I took sugar in my tea.她问我是否在茶中加糖。7动词介词v.ing常用动词词
42、组有accuse of，succeed in等。He was accused of stealing the money.他被指控偷钱。即时训练1单句语法填空Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.My mom suggests that we should eat out for a change this weekend.Bill suggested holding (hold) a meeting on what to do for the Expo dur
43、ing the vacation.Tom refused to help(help)her out of trouble.二、直接引语变为间接引语时，从句时态无需改变的情况1当直接引语为客观真理、自然现象以及谚语、格言时。Our teacher said to us，“Failure is the mother of success. Our teacher told us that failure is the mother of success.2当直接引语部分带有具体的时间状语时。He introduced to us, “The singer was born in 1980. ”He
44、 introduced to us that the singer was born in 1980.3当主句谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时态的时候。“Where is he really from？”I wonder.I wonder where he is really from.4强调所谈情况仍然存在。“China will launch another satellite.”The spokesperson announced.The spokesperson announced China will launch another satellite.5当直接引语中有情态动词should
45、, would, could，had better等时。The doctor said，“Youd better drink plenty of water. ” The doctor said Id better drink plenty of water.即时训练2单句语法填空He told me that you had stolen(steal) his money.The teacher said that light travels(travel) much faster than sound.I dont know when he will come(come) at all.S
46、he reported that the next Olympic Games will be held(hold)in Tokyo in 2020.Mary said that she gets(get) up at six every morning.单句语法填空1. He said he had not seen (not, see) his old friends for a long time.2. The teacher said that two plus two is (be) four.3He warned me to be (be) careful with the dog
47、.4The moment I got home, my wife asked me if I had been to the hospital.5. It is reported that many people died in that car accident.单句改错1. He told me that he left his book in his room.left前加had2. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and that the moon moved around the earth.movedmoves3
48、The teacher told the students not waste their time.not后面加to4He asked me that I went to school by bus or by bike.thatif或whether5She said that their bus will arrive in five minutes.willwould.单句语法填空1Do look ahead before doing whatever you want to do.2The president spoke at the business meeting for near
49、ly an hour without referring(refer) to his notes.3He told me how he had given me shelter and protection without which I would have died(die) of hunger.4Dont leave her waiting(wait) outside in the rain.5Tom advocated that attention (should) be paid(pay) to reforming education system.6Scores of guests
50、 had been trapped(trap) in their rooms before the police arrivedtoo terrified to move.7I didnt condemn him for what he had done.8The number of people is sixty at present but a number of people are coming here to get tickets for free. (be)9The new evidence led to the thief being arrested(arrest)10Giv
51、en(give) that there was so little time, I think theyve done a good job.单句改错1The number of smokers, as is reported, have dropped by 17 percent in just one year. havehas2Everyone should look around and save a little money for emergency.aroundahead3Its okay to substitute vegetable oil with butter.withf
52、or4Lots of waste has been dumped into the river，which has led to lots of fish be killed.bebeing5Our head teacher doesnt advocate students study in the classroom all day.studystudying.完成句子1But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。2He stood for an instant with his hand raised他举着手站了一会儿。3Given that he supports us, well win the election.如果他支持我们，我们就会赢得选举。4Doing this enables you to take action on your thoughts这样做的话可以使你在思想上采取行动。5They will take turns to be monitor of the class.他们得轮流当班长。
