1、专题四【单句基础练】考点一有提示词1Yoga does help people become_(health)2She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and_(bring) me into her world, a world of smiles, love and_(warm)3The developers say_(it) learning ability may someday let computers help solve realworld problems.4But that didnt prevent the boy
2、from becoming one of the _(great) composers of all time.5Expectedly, Jim_(inform) that he got the job eventually.6Before she could express her thanks to us my daughter gave her the food we_(buy) for the trip.7_(complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.8When I was litt
3、le, my mother used to sit by my bed，_(tell) me stories till I fell asleep.9The bridge_(build) in 2012 was designed by a local company.【答案】1healthybecome之后表示“变得”，应用形容词作表语，故填healthy。2brought；warmth第一空所填之词与took为并列关系，应用过去式brought；第二空与smiles和love为并列关系，故填名词warmth。3its代词修饰其后的名词learning ability应用所有格，故填its。4
4、greatest表示“最之一”应用最高级，故用greatest。5was informedJim与inform为动宾关系，再根据got可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故用was informed。6had boughtbuy所表示的动作应在gave所表示的动作之前，为“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。7To complete空格处表示目的，故使用不定式形式。8tellingtell与句子主语my mother构成主动关系，故使用现在分词作伴随状语。9builtbuild与被修饰的名词the bridge构成被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语。考点二无提示词1Now, years later, t
5、his river is one of_most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.2But the river wasnt changed in a few days_even a few months.3Maybe you have a habit_is driving your family crazy.4I got a place next_the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.5There they met people from other parts of the
6、 country，_had also volunteered to help.6Do you know why? Its_happiness stands for sweetness in most peoples minds.7This is because its_we call “a leap year”8Finally I found that she was trying to ask me_I had an extra pen.9_you know, we have arranged a trip to the art gallery.10I will appreciate_if
7、you give me a hand to solve the problems.11Doctors and researchers can see it happening，_they cannot provide a description of why it started.【答案】1the后面的“most outstanding”为最高级，其前面要用定冠词the。2or “a few days”和“a few months”为并列关系，且此句是否定句，因此要用or连接。3that/which定语从句的先行词为前面的habit，因此要用that或which引导。4tonext to是固定
8、短语，意为“挨着”。5who根据空格后面的部分可知，先行词应为people，非限制性定语从句的引导词只能用who。6because根据前句中的why可判定应用because。7what所填的词引导表语从句，且在从句中作call的宾语，故用what。8whether/if句意：最后我发现，她想问我是否我有备用的钢笔。故用whether/if。9As引导定语从句位于句首，表示“正如”使用关系代词as。10itI will appreciate it if为固定句式，意为“如果，我将不胜感激”。11but前后为转折关系，故用but。【真题达标组】A(2019全国卷)On our way to the
9、 house, it was raining 1._ hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take 2._ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3._ dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 4._ had great experience with caring for thes
10、e animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 5._ (recommend)wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the back yard.When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an int
11、eresting 6._ (compete)to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 7._ (tradition)stories about Hawaii that were 8._ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our weeklong stay, we 9._ (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore unde
12、r the stars, 10._ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.【语篇解读】作者介绍了他们在 Pearl City被当地人们热情款待的过程。1sosothat是固定搭配，意为“如此以致于”。2to get该句式中it作形式主语，使用不定式后置作真正的主语。3ofa pack of意为“一群”。4who此句为定语从句，先行词masters指人，在从句中作主语，因此关系词用who。 5recommendedand连接两个并列的句子，前后时态要保持一致。6competition冠词an修饰名词，故此处应用compete的名词
13、形式。7traditional此空作定语修饰后面的名词stories，故应用形容词。8hugely此空修饰形容词popular，故应用副词。9were invited此处表示“我们被邀请”，而且全文都是过去时态，故用一般过去时的被动语态。10listening此处用现在分词作伴随状语。B(2018 全国卷)Im not sure 1._ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.Im walking on a path in the forest in the Ce
14、ntral African Republic.Unexpectedly, Im facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 2._ top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream, and then a 400pound male appears.He screams the 3._ (loud) of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower
15、 myself, ducking my head to avoid 4._(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 5._ (challenge)My name is Mireya Mayor.Im a 6._(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.I was searching 7._ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.No one had seen them for hours, and my
16、colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 8._(they) alive.True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal 9._(mean)me no real harm.He was just saying: “Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder！” Once his message was delivere
17、d, he allowed me 10._ (stay)and watch.【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此惊恐的经历。1which句意：我不确定哪一个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which表示“哪一个”2the此处为固定短语“at the top of”，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。3loudest根据后面的“of all”可知，他的声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。4looking动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。5challenged根据语境可知，此处表示不直
18、视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为感官动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。6scientist根据语境可知，“我”是一名科学家。scientist科学家。7forsearch for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。8them此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。9meant分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据文章时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。10to stay固定短语allow sb. to do“允许某人做某事”，应该用to stay。C(2017全国卷)There has been a rece
19、nt trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)1._a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side2._(effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying t
20、o fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required3._(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt4._(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.As5._result, people will eat more food to try t
21、o make up for that something missing.Even6._(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food7._(be) full of fat and salt; by8._(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点
22、心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However, be9._(care) not to go to extremes.Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both，10._is not good for the health.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。1as句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方
23、法。as表示“作为，以身份”，故填as。2effects根据前文的some可知，“side effect”有很多，故填effects。 3to process句型require sb. to do sth. 意为“要求某人做某事”，其被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”4are removedfat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，故使用被动语态are removed。5a as a result为固定搭配，意为“结果”。6worse句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了，故填worse。7is句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast f
24、ood的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，故填is。8eating句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填ing分词，故填eating。9careful句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。10which句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析句子结构可知：“which is not good for the health”为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。【模拟提能组】A(清华大学附中2019年高三下学期“一模”)For those wh
25、o love travel, particularly rail travel, China in 1987 was a cantmiss kind of place. In 1987, China was still operating steam trains on some rail routes, 1._ made people from many countries amazed. Bruce Connolly, a photographer from Scotland, 2._ (be) one of them.Connolly first came to China in 198
26、7, 3._ (start) his continuous travelling throughout China. Since then, he 4._ (travel) to most parts of China except Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. Wherever he went, his camera remained by his side. During his journeys in China, Connolly found China very different from 5._ he saw in photographs, whic
27、h showed Chinese people very religious in the way they dressed and behaved. 6._ , what he saw was that people were 7._ (friend), welcoming and wore bright clothes. In the early years of his journey, most Chinese people were fascinated with foreigners visiting China, but now that has changed in citie
28、s such as Beijing and Shanghai, foreigners are no longer 8._ (curious)Another dramatic change that Connolly has felt in China is 9._ widespread use of new technology. China has become one of the most techsavvy(懂技术的) societies. People now do everything with 10._ (they) smart phones, and use of cash i
29、s almost disappearing.【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了来自苏格兰的摄影师Bruce Connolly自1987年首次来到中国，用镜头见证了中国几十年间的变化。尤令他惊诧不已的是新技术的广泛应用，他认为中国已成为一个最懂技术的社会，现在人们用智能手机做任何事情，现金的使用几乎正在消失。1which句意：1987年，中国仍在一些铁路线上运行蒸汽火车，这让许多国家的人感到惊讶。根据结构分析可知，先行项为主句整句，“中国仍在一些铁路线上运行蒸汽火车”，在从句中作主语，用which指代整个句子。故填which。2was该句主语为Bruce Connolly，谓语用第三人称单数，
30、用一般过去时态，故填was。3starting空格处动词结构作伴随状语，与主语之间为主动关系，用starting。4has travel(l)ed根据时间状语“since then”可知，此处强调过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，用has travel(l)ed 。5what句意：在中国的旅途中，Connolly发现中国与他在照片中看到的非常不同。分析句子结构可知，此处从句作from的宾语，宾语从句“he saw in photographs”中谓语动词saw缺少宾语成分，故用what指代“所的东西”。6Instead根据上下文语境，本句与上一句为转折关系，用副词Instead(代替，反而
31、)。7friendly此处用friendly作表语，意为“友好的”。8curiosities句意：这种情况在北京和上海等城市已经发生了变化，外国人不再是稀罕之物。curiosity意为“珍奇异宝”，应用复数形式，作表语，故填curiosities 。9the“_9_ widespread use of new technology”此处为特指，“新技术的广泛应用”，用the。10their修饰其后的名词“smart phones”可知，此处用形容词性物主代词their。B(长春市普通高中2019年高三质量监测二)Have you ever been to a Michelin restaura
32、nt? For most chefs, theres no 1._ (big) honor than having your restaurant awarded a Michelin star, let alone three.2._ thats not the case for Sebastien Bras, 46, one of Frances most famous chefs.He is the head of a threestar restaurant, Le Suquet, 3._ is located in the center of Paris.A couple of da
33、ys ago, he 4._ (announce) that he wanted to be removed from next years Michelin guide, 5._(say) that he wanted to give a new meaning 6._ his life.Bras explained that he is sick of 7._ pressure of trying to keep his stars.According to the New York Times, the chef always has to be ready for surprise v
34、isits from Michelin 8._(inspector)He also has to work 9._(extreme)long hours every day, from 7 am. to 2 am.“I dont understand Mr.Bras 10._ (decide), but I respect it，” Laurent Petit, head chef of twostar restaurant Le Clos in France, told the New York Times.【语篇解读】本文介绍有关米其林餐厅以及其厨师的情况。1bigger根据than可知用
35、比较级，故答案为bigger。2But句意：对于大多数厨师，没有比让你的餐馆获得一个米其林星级奖更大的荣誉，更别说三个。但是对Sebastien Bras这位法国最著名的厨师之一来说却并非如此。根据句意可知此处表示转折，故答案为But。注意开头字母须大写。3which此句中“a threestar restaurant, Le Suquet”是先行词，指物，后面的定语从句缺少引导词和主语，故答案为which。4announced根据“A couple of days ago”可知，句子用一般过去时态，故答案为announced。5saying此处是现在分词表示伴随状态，故答案为saying。6to句意：他想给他的人生赋予一个新的意义。give sth.to sb.是固定短语。根据句意可知答案为to。7the句意：他已经厌倦了努力保持他的星级的压力。此处表示特指，故答案为the。8inspectors句意：厨师总是要准备米其林检查员的突击查访。根据句意可知此处用名词形式，故答案为inspectors。9extremely副词修饰形容词，故答案为extremely。10decision句意：我不明白Mr.Bras的决定。根据句意可知，此处用名词形式，故答案为decision。
