1、Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking2022-2023学年高二英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第二册课前导学一、汉译英(单词/短语)汉译英1一定会,很可能会_2与步调一致,与并驾齐驱_3使人精神振作_4目的是_5因指责某人_6调查;探究_7登记/注册_8订阅;定期订购(或订阅等);同意,赞成_9决心做某事_10抽象地;在理论上_二、英译汉(单词/短语)英译汉11schedule/edul/n. _12award /wd/n. _13opportunity /ptunti/n. _14hint /hnt/n. _15subscrib
2、e /sbskrab/v. _16view /vju/n. _17former /fmr/adj. _18graduate /rdut/v. _19orientation/rienten/n. _20Orientation Day _21restore electricity supply_22be concerned about/for_23urge sb. to do sth. _24remove the plug_25a large amount of_26establish a target_27severe floods and droughts_28renewable energy
3、 and reusable waste_29solar energy_30greenhouse effect_写出句中画线词的词义31The businessman subscribed ten dollars for the charity. _32I have been a subscriber to The Railway Magazine for many years. _33Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy? _三、完成句子34我本来计划走回去,但是杰克坚持要叫的士,所以我只好让步
4、。I had planned to walk back, but Jack _ _calling a taxi, so I had to _ _.35在第二次实验中,他们得到了一个非常清楚的结果。In the second experiment they _a very clear result.36由于怀疑鲍勃是罪犯,警方逮捕了他。The police arrested Bob _ they _ him to be a criminal.37专家们警告从医院里出来的医疗垃圾如果得不到恰当处理,可能会导致疾病的蔓延。Experts warn people that medical waste
5、from hospitals, _ properly, may lead to the spread of diseases. (handle;省略句式)38严重的洪水和干旱会导致疾病传染,并对我们的生活产生意想不到的影响。_can cause disease infections and_ our lives.39He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was _ more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现在两条特定的街道霍乱爆发非常严重,10天内就有500多人
6、死亡。40警方说他们怀疑这次袭击是由激进分子们实施的。The police say _ _ _ the attack was carried out by activists.41一年只需 32 美元就可以订阅这份杂志。You can _ _ the magazine for as little as $32 a year.42他的伤势非常严重,身体完全丧失了运动能力和知觉,甚至连呼吸都需要借助机器。His injuries were _ _ _ he had no movement or feeling in his body at all and even needed a machine
7、 to help him breathe.43在自来水公司开始销售干净清洁的水后,世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅减少(see.)。After the water companies began to sell clean water, the threat of cholera around the world _.44跟维生素有关的新研究和声明每天都公布出来,而且很多都自相矛盾。New studies and claims about vitamins are published daily, and many seem to_.45这种病毒在短短几天内感染了数千台计算机。This virus _
8、within days.参考答案:1be bound to2keep pace with3make sb. refreshed4with the objective of5criticize sb. for6inquire into7register for8subscribe to9resolve to do sth.10in the abstract【解析】1“一定会,很可能会”英文表达是be bound to,故答案填be bound to。2“与步调一致,与并驾齐驱”英文表达是keep pace with,故答案填keep pace with。3“使人精神振作”英文表达是make sb
9、. refreshed,故答案填make sb. refreshed。4“目的是”英文表达是with the objective of,故答案填with the objective of。5“因指责某人”英文表达是criticize sb. for,故答案填criticize sb. for。6“调查;探究”英文表达是inquire into,故答案填inquire into。7“登记/注册”英文表达是register for,故答案填register for。8“订阅;定期订购(或订阅等);同意,赞成”英文表达是subscribe to,故答案填subscribe to。9“决心做某事”英文
10、表达是resolve to do sth.,故答案填resolve to do sth.。10“抽象地;在理论上”英文表达是in the abstract,故答案填in the abstract。11计划表,时间表12奖,奖品13机会14暗示,提示;征兆,迹象15订阅,订购;赞成,同意16观点,看法;风景,景象17(两者中)前者的,以前的18大学毕业,获得学位(尤指学士)19方向,朝向;目标,定位20迎新日【解析】11schedule,n.“计划表,时间表”,故填“计划表,时间表”。12award,n.“奖,奖品”,故填“奖,奖品”。13opportunity,n.“机会,时机”,故填“机会,
11、时机”。14hint,n.“暗示,提示;征兆,迹象”,故填“暗示,提示;征兆,迹象”。15subscribe,v.“订阅,订购;赞成,同意”,故填“订阅,订购;赞成,同意”。16view,n.“观点,看法;风景,景象”,故填“观点,看法;风景,景象”。17former,adj.“(两者中)前者的,以前的”,故填“(两者中)前者的,以前的”。18graduate,v.“大学毕业,获得学位(尤指学士)”,故填“大学毕业,获得学位(尤指学士)”。19orientation,n.“方向,朝向;目标,定位”,故填“方向,朝向;目标,定位”。20Orientation Day“迎新日”,故填“迎新日”。2
12、1恢复电力供应22对关切的23敦促/力劝某人做某事24拔掉插头25大量的26确立一个目标27严重的水旱灾害28可再生能源和可重复利用的废物29太阳能30温室效应【解析】21restore恢复;electricity电;supply供给,故填“恢复电力供应”。22concern关心;about/for关于/对于,故填“对关切的”。23urge催促,故填“敦促/力劝某人做某事”。24remove拔掉;plug插头,故填“拔掉插头”。25large大的;amount 数量,故填“大量的”。26establish建立;target目标,故填“确立一个目标”。27severe严重的;floods洪水;d
13、roughts干旱,故填“严重的水旱灾害”。28renewable可再生的;energy能源;reusable可重复利用的;waste废物,故填“可再生能源和可重复利用的废物”。29solar太阳的;energy能源,故填“太阳能”。30greenhouse温室的;effect影响,故填“温室效应”。31捐赠32订阅人33同意【解析】31考查动词。句意:这位商人为慈善事业捐款十美元。动词subscribed意为“捐赠”,后接宾语ten dollars。故填:捐赠。32考查名词。句意:我订阅铁路杂志已有多年了。名词subscriber意为“订购者,订阅人”。故填:订阅人。33考查动词。句意:你同
14、意她对经济状况的悲观看法吗?此处的subscribe为不及物动词,后接介词to,短语意为“同意”。故填:同意。 34 insisted on give in【详解】考查短语。insist on doing sth坚持做某事,根据句中时态可知,陈述过去事情,用一般过去时,所以but后面的句子中,谓语动词insist应用过去式。give in屈服,让步,have to do sth.不得不做某事。根据句意,故填insistedongivein。35obtained【详解】考查动词和时态。根据句意可知,空处缺少谓语动词,意为“获得”,为动词obtain,且表示过去的动作,所以用一般过去时。故填obt
15、ained。36 as/because/since suspected【详解】考查状语从句和动词时态。第一空,结合句意表示“由于”应用as、because或since引导原因状语从句;第二空表示“怀疑”应用动词suspect,结合上文arrested可知为一般过去时。故填as/because/since;suspected。37if not handled【详解】考查省略句。此处是if引导的条件状语从句省略句,从句主语是medical waste from hospitals与从句谓语动词handle (处理)是被动关系,否定含义,从句谓语用be not done形式,从句主语与主句主语一致且
16、从句含有be动词,常省略从句的主语和be动词,表被动,用过去分词的否定式not handled。故填if not handled。38 Severe floods and droughts have an unexpected effect upon【详解】考查形容词和固定短语。形容词severe (严重的)作定语,修饰复数名词floods and droughts (洪水和干旱),情态动词can后接动词原形,并列谓语动词短语have an effect upon (对有影响),形容词unexpected (意想不到的)作定语,修饰名词effect,故填Severe floods and dr
17、oughts have an unexpected effect upon。39so severe that【详解】考查固定句型。此处应用so+形容词/副词+that从句,表示“如此.以至于.”,“严重的”应用形容词severe,作表语,故填so severe that。40 they suspect that【详解】考查宾语从句和时态。分析句子结构可知The police是整句话的主语,say是谓语动词,后跟省略that的宾语从句,从句主语为“他们(they)”,谓语动词为“怀疑(suspect)”,后接that引导的宾语从句(从句结构完整,不缺任何意义)。结合句意及主句谓语动词say,从句
18、的时态应用一般现在时。故填they suspect that。41 subscribe to【详解】考查动词短语。根据汉语提示和句子结构,设空处缺谓语动词“订阅”,可表达为不及物动词subscribe,后接介词to,空前为情态动词can,后接动词原形。故答案为:subscribe;to。42 so severe that【详解】考查状语从句。根据句意及所给句子可知,此处使用形容词severe“严重的”和so +adj.+ that从句,为结果状语从句。故填so;severe;that。43saw a substantial / huge / great decrease【详解】考查动词和时态。
19、see为动词,意为“见证”,根据句意可知,自来水公司开始销售干净清洁的水后见证了霍乱威胁大幅减少,句子为一般过去时态,所以谓语动词see要用过去式,大幅减少可以翻译为“a substantial / huge / great decrease”。故答案为saw a substantial / huge / great decrease。44contradict each other【详解】考查动词不定式。结合句意表示“自相矛盾”可知短语为contradict each other,且上文为短语seem to do sth.。故填contradict each other。45infected thousands of computers【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。“感染”用动词infect,“数千台计算机”用thousands of computers,做infect的宾语,句子描述的是过去的事,应用一般过去时,谓语动词infect应用过去式infected,故填infected thousands of computers。