1、2013届高考英语书面表达专题指导、练讲及习作评析本系列资料分为三个部分第一部分 2013届高考英语书面表达专题指导 专题一 文字提纲式作文专题指导（含课件和文字稿）专题二 图画式作文专题指导（含课件和文字稿）专题三 图表式作文专题指导（含课件和文字稿）专题四 开放式作文专题指导（含课件和文字稿） 附录 以高考题为例谈书面表达的高分策略（文字稿）（说明：以上专题合成为一个整体上传，不单列上传。）第二部分 2013届高考英语书面表达专题练评专题一 文字提纲式作文练评练评一（含课件和文字稿）练评二（含课件和文字稿）练评三（含课件和文字稿）练评四（含课件和文字稿）专题二 图画式作文专题练评练评一（含
2、课件和文字稿）练评二（含课件和文字稿）练评三（含课件和文字稿）练评四（含课件和文字稿）专题三 图表式作文练评练评一（含课件和文字稿）练评二（含课件和文字稿）练评三（含课件和文字稿）练评四（含课件和文字稿）专题四 开放式作文练评练评一（含课件和文字稿）练评二（含课件和文字稿）练评三（含课件和文字稿）练评四（含课件和文字稿）第三部分 2013届高考英语书面表达考场习作评析评析一（含课件和文字稿）评析二（含课件和文字稿）评析三（含课件和文字稿）评析四（含课件和文字稿）（说明：这一块视具体情况可以比四个更多。）书面表达亦称为写作是高考英语试卷中最后一个出现的部分，是整个试卷的压轴戏，其分值大约占总分的
3、1/5。在各省自主命题的背景下，写作的分值出现了分值增加的趋势。如：从2007年起广东高考改革新题型的书面表达占了40分（基础写作占15分和读写任务占25分），可见写作题在高考英语中的重要地位。考纲对写作的要求：能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告；能写出语意连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点和态度；能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺。考生应能：在一定的语境中准确使用英语语法和词汇；使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地用英语表达题目所要求表达的意思以及发表自己的感想。高考命题的形式：从命题形式上看，近几年的命题一般分为两种形式：第一种是指导性写作（以全国高
4、考试题为代表），也就是人们常说的半开放写作题，试题提供一定的情景内容，要求考生完成100-150字的书面材料（江苏卷要求150字左右）。情景提供的方式有：文字（包括中文和英文）提纲要点、图画、图表等。体裁包括：应用文（留言条、请假条、通知、书信、电子邮件、日记、启事等等）、记叙文、说明文、议论文、看图作文（图表式作文、图画式作文）等。写作时，考生既不能随意发挥也不能逐条翻译。第二种是开放式写作题（以北京高考试题为代表），即给出漫画、给出主题或两三点提示，由考生去发挥、构思，考生的思路是不同的，写出来的文章当然会是不一样的，所以开放式写作通常没有参考范文。基本解题步骤：审题：观察判断要写文章的类
5、型和特点；抓点：要点就是高考评分的给分点或者扣分点。要求能在提纲、图画、图表等的提示下用简单词语写出所表达的内容。这样做可以防止要点遗漏或者过分发挥；定调：即确定体裁与题材，确定格式、人称、时态语态、人称口吻、顺序段落、开头和结尾。然后将要点扩展成句；成文：连句成文。正确使用过渡词，使行文流畅。并注意段与段的衔接；修改：看看是否有要点遗漏，字数是否符合要求，人称、时态、主谓一致等方面的错误，以便及时修改；誊写：修改无误后，认真规范地誊写在规定的地方。综观历届高考书面表达试题，我们不难发现文字提纲式作文大体分为两种：提纲要点式和提纲表格式。不过无论是以哪种形式出现都不外乎是用文字（中文、英文）给
6、出写作信息和要求的写作形式，即给出要点或提纲，也称作要点式书面表达，或文字提示作文，属于控制性作文。文字提纲式作文既是历年高考的传统题型，也是历年高考的主流题型。2012年全国及各地高考就高达12篇（全国课标卷，全国大纲卷，天津卷，重庆卷，安徽卷，广东卷两篇，江苏卷，江西卷，辽宁卷，山东卷，四川卷）以文字提纲式命题的作文。这类题型的主要特点是：要点明确，范围具体，贴近生活，易于动笔。此类试题中有较多的文字说明，实际上规定了考生表述的思路，对考生的写作范围作了较为明确的限定，试题中规定的要点一个也不能回避。考生既不能随意发挥也不能逐条翻译。但随着高考改革的进程加快，这种题型的开放度越来越大。近几
7、年，在允许考生适当添加细节内容的基础上，要求考生发表自己的观点或看法。文字提纲式作文在体裁上，一般以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主，要求考生根据提纲说明某种情况或辩论某种观点。文字提纲式作文有时也可能是应用文。具体解题步骤第一 认真审题，攫取要点审主题：高考书面表达题材不同，写法就有所不同。要通过仔细观察，认真分析，确定成拙。第三 灵活表达，化解难点在“一刻千金”的考场上考生要想准确表达出所有内容，并非易事。考生往往会遇到难以表述的内容，或一时想不起确切的习惯用语或句型来进行表达。面对这种情况有些考生不去认真考虑，进行变通表达，而是空着不写或是胡编乱造甚至用汉语拼音代替，其结果必然是答非所需、词不
8、达意、甚至汉语式英语满天飞。正确的做法是要从另一个角度运用自己学过的熟悉的知识去灵活表达，同样能写出想要表达的内容。第四 逻辑清晰，过渡自然 一篇优质的作文，逻辑是完整清晰的，并且句子与句子，段与段之间的衔接也是自然而然的。为达到这一效果，我们要注意连词的运用。特别提醒：做提纲表格式书面表达要特别注意1.注意文体,避免“填表式”的表达提纲表格式的提示题虽以表格作为提示,但要求以“短文”的形式(包括不同文体)来表达。答题时应注意不同文体的格式。切忌将短文写成“履历表”。例时间：上周末（被采访的）对象：眼科医生（eye-doctor）王教授主题：我国中小学生近视（short-sightedness
9、）问题Time: last weekendThe interviewed person: an eye-doctor Professor Wang Topic: the problem about our country primary and middle students short-sightedness.上述“填表式”的表达显得滑稽可笑，显然不符合高考书面表达的要求。恰当的表达应为：Last weekend, I had an interview with eye-doctor Professor Wang about our country primary and middle st
10、udents short-sightedness.2.灵活变通，避免“硬译式”的表达首先，表格中的汉语提示简洁凝练，概括性强，表达时切忌逐字逐句翻译，简单罗列提示要点。必要时还要做灵活调整或进行补充。这样做的目的是将所要求写的内容准确、完整地表达出来。例学生现状负担过重的原因每日在校时间9小时考试压力大；作业多；家长期望高。每日家庭作业时间34小时每日课外活动时间几乎没有每日睡眠时间不足罗列表达：The time we spend in school every day is 9 hours and 3 to 4 hours to do our homework at home. The ti
11、me to do outside activities is less and no enough time is for sleep every night.灵活表达：Every day I have to stay at school for nine hours to have lessons and spend at least three to four hours doing my homework at home. We teenagers are eager to play and enjoy ourselves, but we hardly have any time to
12、do what we want. Besides, we dont even have enough sleep.机械重复：We have the pressure of examinations. We have too much homework to do. Our parents have high expectations of us.灵活表达：There seem to be three cases about the overload: the pressure of examinations, too much homework and high expectations fr
13、om the parents.例工厂发展情况：近十年发生巨变 错误表达：In the past ten years the mill has taken place great changes. 正确表达：Great changes have taken place in this mill in the past ten years.3.注意衔接，避免“单句式”表达 高考书面表达不同于单句翻译。有些同学表达时只注意了单个句子的完整性，而忽略了句子与句子之间的衔接以及整个语篇的连贯性，致使全文逻辑性不强，可读性差。例试比较：（2012江苏卷）生活中冲突时有发生。假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发
14、生争执，导致关系紧张。请你结合此事，并根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，向学校英文报“Happy Teens”专栏投稿。简要描述事情的经过打篮球碰撞争执,等等分析发生冲突的原因1.遇事不够冷静2.谈谈避免冲突的做法(请考生根据自己的经历或感想，提出至少两种做法)注意：1.对所有要点逐一陈述，适当发挥,不要简单翻译；2.词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数；3.作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。Conflicts with others are common in everyday life.一、认真审题，攫取要点通过审题，确定本文的话题为“生活中冲突时有发生，举例并
15、分析其发生的原因以及对如何避免冲突提出自己的意见”。围绕这个话题，将题目中叙述的文字转换成以下要点：生活中冲突时有发生（开头句已经给出）；苏华和李江打篮球时因为碰撞发生争执，导致关系紧张；他们俩遇事不够冷静。二、理顺要点，挖掘要点本题理顺要点很简单：按照什么时间、发生了何事、结果如何的逻辑顺序安排就可以了。但是本题难就难在，该书面表达留给我们发挥的空间很大。这体现在两个方面：一是“分析发生冲突的原因”和“谈谈避免冲突的做法”需要我们去想象挖掘要点；二是在“简要描述事情的经过”时，我们要增加合理的细节。1.简要描述事情的经过给出事情发生的时间：如“昨天下午，今天上午”等等（因为记叙有六要素：记叙
16、要有六要素：时间、地点、人物，原因，过程及结果。）；为什么会发生碰撞：根据常识可知：抢球；他们是如何争执的：大吵大叫。争执的结果：演化成可怕的争吵，导致两个人关系紧张。2.分析发生冲突的原因在这篇作文里，我们要分析争执是双方造成的。题目中已经提示了原因之一是“遇事不够冷静”。那我们可以继续拓展下，“遇事不冷静” 就可能导致说粗话。为什么会遇事不冷静呢？比如说“他们都太在乎输赢了”。还有他们也许是没意识到“在激烈的比赛中，阻挡、推攘、碰撞等”是难免的。3.谈谈避免冲突的做法这一段是让自主发挥个人观点的，也是最容易出彩的地方。需要注意的是在提出一个应对办法时，用一句话交待下这样做的意义或者益处，以
17、此增强方法的说服力。大的方面说都是对society有益的，比如说“is essential to competitive society”等。这篇作文是用来投稿的。那么，就决定了这种文稿具有一定教育意义或者启迪意义的。因此，如果再添加一段，用简短的话语进行呼吁，文章就更加完整了。三、灵活表达，化解难点本篇所给要点和增加的细节比较多，有些要点和细节表达起来还比较棘手。要解决这个问题我们就要灵活表达来化解难点。1.简要描述事情的经过2.分析发生冲突的原因Su Hua and Li Jiang were not calm enough. Both of them attacked at each o
18、ther by mean things.They cared too much about whether they would win or lose.They didnt realize that such a thing was common in such a close game.In my opinion, both Su Hua and Li Jiang were to blame. Because they were not calm enough and both attacked at each other by words. They cared too much abo
19、ut whether they would win or lose. But ,as we all know, something like blocking, pushing and bumping is common in such a tough game.To be honest, it was Sus fault but Li was also to blamethey were not calm enough and both said some really mean things. They cared too much about winning and losing. As
20、 a matter of fact, blocking, pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game. （范文）3. 谈谈避免冲突的做法To avoid such conflicts, we should be friendly to one another, which is important to enjoy a peaceful life. It is also a virtue to forgive each other especially in such a competitive and stressful society
21、. We should not blame each other but communicate more. Whats more, we must learn to how to handle such conflicts if we stood in the opposite side. To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoying a harmonious life. It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, e
22、specially in such a competitive and stressful society. Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place. （范文）四、逻辑清晰，过渡自然 Conflicts with others are common in everyday life. Yesterday afternoon there was a basketball game, during which Su Hua and Li Jiang tri
23、ed to catch the ball and knocked down each other. Then they started shouting at each other. As a result, a horrible quarrel happened, which contributed to the tension between them.In my opinion, both Su Hua and Li Jiang were to blame. Because they were not calm enough and both attacked at each other
24、 by mean things. They cared too much about whether they would win or lose. But, as we all know, such a thing is common in such a close game.To avoid such conflicts, we should be friendly to one another, which is important to enjoy a peaceful life. It is also a virtue to forgive each other especially
25、 in such a competitive and stressful society. We should not blame each other but communicate more. Whats more, we must learn to how to handle such conflicts if we stood in the opposite side.(161 words)【范文】Conflicts with others are common in everyday life. During the basketball game yesterday afterno
26、on, Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other, trying to catch the ball. Then they started shouting and yelling, and it turned into a horrible quarrel.To be honest, it was Sus fault but Li was also to blamethey were not calm enough and both said some really mean things. They cared too much about wi
27、nning and losing. As a matter of fact, blocking, pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game.To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoying a harmonious life. It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful so
28、ciety. Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place. Dont be self-centered and try to be considerate. We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.(150 words)专题二 图画式作文专题指导2012年全国及各地高考只有4篇（北京卷，上海卷，福建卷，陕西卷）以图画式命题的作文。尽管高考以这种命题形式命题的作文较以往热度已经大大降低，但是这种
29、形式毕竟与开放式作文密切相关，应该是高考改革发展的大势所趋。图画式作文要求考生将画面所包含的信息转换成文字，旨在避免考生汉语思维，要求考生直接用英语思维。它要求通过图画提供的图像信息写一篇短文，包括叙述一个故事，或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出结论。图画式作文就内容而言，可以写观察到的内容，也可以根据合理想象适当进行发挥来补充一些内容；就表达方式而言，可以单纯地理解、说明，也可以在说明中加以描写、叙述。图画式作文要求考生不仅具有一定的观察分析能力，还要有较强的语言表达能力、想象力和逻辑思维能力。考生在写图画式作文时，有时难以取得比较理想的成绩，其原因主要有：观察图画不细致，不能准确地对图
30、画内容加以分析概括；分不清内容主次，从而不能层次分明地表达作文主题的意思；无法将图片所要求表达的意思恰到好处地用文字写出来。写好图画式作文的关键是：一定要根据自己掌握的词汇与熟悉的句型结构构思短文内容，并直接用英语表达，千万不要先想好一句句的中文，然后逐句译成英文，那样就往往会超出自己的英语水平，作文中就会出现“生造”的英语句子，难免会出错。另外，对于与图画无关的事要少写，还要注意人称、时态的呼应，整个作文要通篇考虑。写作要领：准确审题。这是看图作文写作的基础。准确审题就是注意文体、人物和时态。把握情境。这是看图作文的关键。要根据图画，合理想象，围绕特定的主题，把握情景，（利用图中人物间的关系
31、、人物的对话、人物的活动及所处场所，以及图中的文字说明和标识来）提炼要点等。发表感想。围绕主题展开合理的想象，发表自己的联想或感想。实例指导假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的学生李华，校报英文版正在开展“续写雷锋日记”活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，将你所做的一件好事以日记形式记述下来，向校报投稿。注意：1.日记的开头已为你写好。2.词数不少于60。Saturday, June 2FineThis morning,_描述图画一、提炼要点 围绕图中人物的动作和重要的图标来提炼要点。第一幅图图中人物有三个：“我”和两个游客。“我”在街上行走；两位游客正在看地图。图中的图标“？”说明游客很困惑，看上去
32、是迷路了。第二幅图 “我”走上前去主动提供帮助。根据图标我们可以知道：游客告诉“我”他们要到天坛去。第三幅图 “我”带他们到了附近的汽车站。根据图标我们可以知道：“我”建议他们乘20路公共汽车到那儿去。他们对我的帮助表示感谢。第四幅图 汽车来了，游客上车，我和游客挥手告别。看到他们上了车，我感到一种满足感。遣词造句第一幅图图中人物有三个：“我”和两个游客。“我”在街上行走；两位游客正在看地图。图中的图标“？”说明游客很困惑，看上去是迷路了。This morning, I was walking on the street.I saw that two travelers were readin
33、g a map.They looked puzzled. It seemed they were lost. This morning, I was wandering on the street. I happened to see two travelers reading a map.They looked puzzled. They couldnt find the way to their destination.This morning, I was hanging out on the street. It happened that I found two travelers
34、could do nothing but read a map of Beijing carefully, feeling puzzled.第二幅图 “我”走上前去主动提供帮助。根据图标我们可以知道：游客告诉“我”他们要到天坛去。I went up to them and asked how I could help. They told me they were looking for the Temple of Heaven.I went up to them and offered to help them. They told me they wanted to go to the T
35、emple of Heaven. They wondered how to get there.I went up to them and asked what I could do for them. They replied friendly to me that they planned to visit the Temple of Heaven. They got lost.第三幅图 “我”带他们到了附近的汽车站。根据图标我们可以知道：“我”建议他们乘20路公共汽车到那儿去。他们对我的帮助表示感谢。I led them to the nearby bus stop and advise
36、d them to take bus No. 20. It could take them directly. They appreciated my help greatly.Following me, they arrived at the nearby bus stop. I asked them to take bus No. 20. It could take them directly. They thanked me for my offer greatly.I guided them to the nearest bus stop to find the most effect
37、ive and time-saving method. My suggestion was to take Bus No. 20, which could take them to the destination directly. As a consequence, they expressed sincere appreciation to me for my enthusiasm.第四幅图 汽车来了，游客上车，我和游客挥手告别。看到他们上了车，我感到一种满足感。Before long, the bus came. We waved good-bye to each other. Seei
38、ng them on the bus, I felt a kind of satisfaction.Very soon, the bus came. We waved and said good-bye to each other with satisfying smile. Eventually, the bus came, and it was the time to set off.They were waving goodbye to me with satisfying smile.Standing on the station, I saw the bus became small
39、er and smaller, finally disappear.Everything finished, I felt extremely delighted.二、连贯成篇This morning, when I was walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled. It seemed they were lost. I went up to them and asked how I could help them. They told me they were lo
40、oking for the Temple of Heaven. I led them to the nearby bus stop and advised them to take Bus No. 20, which could take them there directly. They appreciated my help greatly. Before long, the bus came. We waved goodbye to each other. Seeing them on the bus, I felt a kind of satisfaction.（范文）发表感想本文是日
41、记，日记中应该有感想而言。但是范文中对于感想几乎没有涉及。如果要想拿到高分，加上几点感想是必须的。What did this morning is not worth mentioning, but I think when it comes to learning from Lei Feng, we should do some good deeds even if they are the smallest .I was very proud of myself because not only did I offer my help to the ones in need, but al
42、so I realized the significance of devotion. Offering help is the key word of our time; therefore, it is imperative for us to carry forward and further develop the spirit of Lei Feng in our daily life.【参考范文】This morning, when I was walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map, l
43、ooking puzzled. It seemed they were lost. I went up to them and asked how I could help them. They told me they were looking for the Temple of Heaven. I led them to the nearby bus stop and advised them to take Bus No. 20, which could take them there directly. They appreciated my help greatly. Before
44、long, the bus came. We waved goodbye to each other. Seeing them on the bus, I felt a kind of satisfaction.What did this morning is not worth mentioning, but I think when it comes to learning from Lei Feng, we should do some good deeds even if they are the smallest （系笔者所加）.专题三 图表式作文专题指导2012年全国及给地高考书面
45、表达都没有采用图表式命题。尽管如此，但是我们还是应对此类作文予以重视，因为图标式作文是通过提供的一组或几组数据来反映某个趋势或某一问题、现象。要求考生图表中的相关数据进行描述、分析和评论，并得出合乎逻辑的结论。它是将数据、形象信息转换为文字信息的过程，此类作文最能考查考生逻辑推理的能力。常见的图表式作文命题形式Item20002002200420062008Food65%60%48%42%35%Clothing8%9%12%15%17%Recreation3%5%7%8%10%Others24%26%33%35%38%Total100%100%100%100%100%数据表格：矩形的竖行和横行
46、进行排列的表格，它反映的是多种事物的相互关系；饼状图：它用来表示各事物在总体中所占的比例及相互关系；柱状图：它用来表示几种事物的变化情况及相互关系；曲线图：它常用来表示事物的变化趋势；混合式：既有柱形图又有饼状图或表格或曲线图等。图表式作文的写作步骤第一步 审题图表类作文的审题与其他类型的作文相比难度较大，主要表现在考生不易准确、全面地把握图表显示的信息。因此要通过审题抓住主要数据反映的主要问题即所要表达的要点；通过审题确立表达时所要用的时态：特定时间用过去时；经常出现的情况或自己的评述用一般现在时。常用句型：A department has the lowest sales figure i
47、n the three departments, followed by the B department and C department.The figure of A is about twice as much as that of B.The income from sales is 10 million，making the company the highest one in sales.The As income reaches 20 million，which is in the middle of the list.第二种情况：纵向说明。只要指出不同单位之间的比较，描述如何
48、增减，增减幅度如何，反映出什么问题，就可以了。描述这样的图表时，可用以下词汇和句型：The rise lasted for two weeks and then began to level off in June.The trend/increase slowed down in May.The trend of increasing working hours began to gain momentum in January. (开始走强)Prices went up by 50%， but the number of smokers maintained.It picked up sp
49、eed at the end of this year.常用词汇及表达法：increase，decrease，rise，fall，slow down，level off，pick up speed，maintain，drop，the trend reverses，decline，gain/lose momentum, a steady/ substantial(实质性的)increase，a minor/slight/dramatic drop。第三种情况：纵向、横向均有的说明。这种图表不仅要注意同一事物的变化趋势，也要注意不同事物之间的差距及变化。表示百分比常用句型：It accounts
50、for 30% of the total population.There are 4 members with masters degrees, making up nearly a quarter of the workforce.Doctors make up 40% of the staff in the hospital.表示增长率的常用句型：The figure of income increased by about 200% as compared with ten years ago.The number of students has reached 200, indica
51、ting a rise of 4%,compared to last year.图表式作文的写作注意事项1.以题目中的要求为指导，审慎解读图表，准确把握图表传递的信息。2.表格图形要求对大量数字进行分析，找出其变化规律。3.曲线图形要求观察曲线变化规律，一般找出它发展的几个点（如最高点、最低点和平稳点），以此说明问题。4.柱形图要注意柱形的高度，并由此判断事物的动态发展趋势。5.饼状图应弄清部分与整体、部分与部分之间的相互关系。这种关系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。6.对所给出的所有数据信息切忌逐一叙述，以防主次不分或重点不突出。实例指导央视发展改革需要20%太多广告损害央视形象15%许多广
52、告与节目主题无关20%损失了许多广告费 15%快乐温馨有创意30%【2012银川一中模拟】2012龙年央视春晚亮点之一，节目中无一广告植入。最近，某网站举行了一次题为“对今年春晚无广告植入的态度”的调查，请根据以下饼图【pie chart】所示信息用英语写一篇短文，并提出你自己的看法。注意：1.对所给提示，不要简单翻译，可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。2.词数在150左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。3.植入广告：product placement The 2012 Spring Festival Gala has first set a unique record in the history o
53、f 30 years SFG- no product placement in the programs, which accordingly has caused heated discussions.第一步 审题通过审题抓住主要数据反映的主要问题即所要表达的要点： 1.央视发展改革需要(20%) 2.(过去)太多广告损害央视形象(15%) 3.许多广告与节目主题无关(20%) 4.损失了许多广告费(15%) 5.快乐温馨有创意(30%)我的观点（自拟）第二步 谋篇Para 1话题讨论的背景：题目中已经给出。The 2012 Spring Festival Gala has first se
54、t a unique record in the history of 30 years SFG- no product placement in the programs, which accordingly has caused heated discussions.Para 2对饼状图的描述；Para 3你对此事的看法：（支持或反对的均可）。第三步 表达变点为句注意多重表达 1.央视发展改革需要(20%) 20% of the people surveyed think it is a great need for the reform of CCTV, which is of grea
55、t benefit to the development of CCTV itself.20% of the people surveyed hold the view that the practice satisfies the needs of CCTVs reform and it is of great benefit to the development of CCTV itself. 20% of the people surveyed consider it necessary for CCTV to reform, which is of great benefit to t
56、he development of CCTV itself.2.(过去)太多广告损害央视形象(15%)Due to too many product placements in the past,15% hold the view that great harm has been done to the image of CCTV.Due to too many product placements in the past,15% believe that the good image of CCTV will be greatly affected.Due to too many produ
57、ct placements in the past,15% argue that the practice has greatly damaged CCTVs image as the most important media in China because its the main channel for the general public to get information and entertainment. 3.许多广告与节目主题无关(20%) Not related to the theme of the whole evening party , too many are m
58、eaningless, which takes up 20%.20% of them think that the product placement has nothing to do with the programmes.20% of them dont think that the product placement is related to/ is linked with the programmes.Among the people surveyed, 20% of them complain that the product placement has nothing to d
59、o with the programmes.4.损失了许多广告费(15%) 15% of them think that not only will it bring advertisers a great loss but also the related departments.15% of them think it is a great loss to CCTV without any product placement.15% of them hold the view that CCTV has earned less money because of no product pla
60、cement.5.快乐温馨有创意(30%)30% of them consider it is full of happiness and creation ,which can set a good example for the next.No product placement in the 2012 Spring Festival Gala makes audience satisfied and feel it is full of creation. 我的观点（自拟）适量的、巧妙的广告植入可以接受。Personally, product placement in right amo
61、unts are acceptable if it doesnt spoil the fun and art of the programs. Whatever CCTV does, it should take the audiences feelings into consideration and put their needs in the first place.可以有插入式广告，但是不要不应该损害艺术，还应该考虑观众的感受。In my opinion, product placement nowadays is almost unavoidable, but it should n
62、ot damage the art of the show and should take the audiences feelings into account.连句成篇连句成篇的关键是将相关要点的叙述进行合并、理顺，还要注意加过渡句，使文章流畅。参考范文专题四 开放式作文专题指导开放作文形同于书面表达，但又不等同于书面表达，因为书面表达往往给出较为详细的提示（文字提纲式、文字+图画式、或图表式），考生在组织短文时，完全可以把这些提示当作短文提纲或线索；考生在表达时，只需沿着这条线索思维即可，考生发散思维的空间不多。而“开放作文”是一种限制相对较少、留给考生更多自由发挥空间的、考查学生书面表
63、达能力的一种时新题型。这种题型只给出主题，也就是说只告诉你正在或将要发生什么事情，至于事情发生的过程、结果则完全由考生自己去发挥，考生的思维完全可以发散。所以，考生的思路不同，写出的作文就会是千人千面。常见的开放式作文命题形式标题式标题式开放作文的命题形式往往是要求考生围绕一个特定的话题去写作。（2011安徽卷）某校英文报开辟了一个专栏：Experience。本期话题是如何解决学习中遇到的困难。请你以“My Approach to Difficulties in Learning”为题，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈自己的一些做法。注意：1.词数100左右；2.短文中不能出现本人相关信息。（2012浙
64、江卷）你校正在进行“英语读书周”活动，该活动要求学生摘录名言佳句（quote）并相互交流。以下是某同学摘录的句子：”Your future depends on many things but mostly on you”：请按下列要求用英语写一篇100-120个词的短文：1.针对摘录句中的观点谈谈你的看法；2.举例说明理由注意：短文的开头已给出（不计词数） In the English Reading Week, one of my classmates recommended a quote to us, which goes like this: Your future depends
65、on many things, but mostly on you. _漫画式漫画式开放作文以北京高考为代表。命题形式往往是要求考生围绕一幅漫画去写作。（2012北京卷）请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。You are discussing the following picture with your English friend Jim. Now you are telling him how you understand the picture and what makes you think so.随着高考改革的推进，一些自主单独命题的省份，逐年加大了书面表达的开放的力度。比
66、如2011年高考湖南卷就是模仿北京卷而出的开放程度很大的书面表达题。（2011湖南卷）假设你参加所在年级的英语写作比赛，请按如下要求完成一篇作文1.简要描述下图内容并点明主题；2.联系实际表达该图带给你的启示。 实例指导“标题式开放作文”实际上相当于汉语的命题式作文，考生只要围绕题目中所给的特定的话题说明、叙述、举例，加上谈谈自己的感想或发表自己的看法就可以了。然而，相对于“标题式”开放作文而言，“漫画式”开放作文的写作难度就更大。“开放作文”常考文体有两种：记叙文和议论文。“记叙式开放作文”一般给出一段材料，然后要求考生沿着材料的纵横发展方向，充分发挥想像力，拓展原材料内容；再次运用逻辑推理
67、方法，进行谋篇布局；最后串词成句，联句成文。概言之，“记叙式开放作文”要求考生灵活处理所给材料，做到综合分析，辩证思考，提炼观点，力求论点合理，论据充分，论证严密。“议论式开放作文”则要求考生根据所提供的信息材料(一般为漫画)，在描述漫画信息之余，发挥自己的想象，展开简单的议论，并略谈自己的观点和看法。概言之，“议论式开放作文”要求考生围绕所给漫画的信息，简要地进行描述，辩证思考，提炼观点，力求论点合理，发人深思。值得注意的是：近年来，北京卷“开放作文”倾向于“就图论事”、“就图明理”。可以说，“议论式开放作文”与现在流行的新课改、新课程、新课标非常吻合，也与流行的研究性学习、探究性学习非常一
68、致，既迎合了当前教学潮流，又对潮流有一定的引领和推动作用。因此，考生要注意训练自己围绕图片，总结写作要点的能力。另外，看图类文章的审题难度要略大于文字类文章的审题难度，所以考生在平时的训练中应该加强对解图能力的训练。 第一步、描述漫画内容描述漫画内容的基本条件是看懂漫画。要求是：审图要准，定位要清；描述时言简意赅，不可越位；要注意：不要花太多时间挖掘图画深意！因为开放作文不看重你的思想厚度，而看重你的语言质量。第二步、阐述对漫画的理解所谓对漫画的理解，是指围绕漫画反映的基本事实进行较为细致的解释和自己的看法、感想或人生感悟等。要求是：逻辑清晰，合情合理。根据以上两个步骤，我们可以这样认为：“开
69、放作文”只要求你做两件事情，一件是描述图画（describe the following picture），另一件是阐述你对图画解释和看法（explain how you understand it）。相应地，你只需要写两个段落，一段是“描述段”，另一段是“议论段”。 1.“描述段”的写法：第一句可以使用如下句式： In the picture, there is等。 “描述段”的功能就是传达图画中的信息，向读者交代图画内容，所以必能使用“there be”句型。另外，“描述段”的另一个功用即：为第二段的议论埋下伏笔。 2.“议论段”的写法： “议论”段的首句有个固定的句式，即：In my o
70、pinion, the picture is meaningful and wonderful as well.等。如何发议论呢？所谓议论，就是根据图画信息，表达你的看法、感想。考生不必过深地挖掘图画信息，只需用简单的英文，表达平易的道理。换句话说，只要你能用正确的英文表达你的感想，便赢得了胜利。（2012北京卷）请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。You are discussing the following picture with your English friend Jim. Now you are telling him how you understand the pi
71、cture and what makes you think so.一、简述漫画内容首先审图漫画所给我们的主要信息：图中有两支长短不一的铅笔：一支是白颜色长铅笔，另一支是黑颜色的短铅笔；长铅笔面带自豪和开心的笑容对短铅笔说“Youre nearing the end！”；而另一支短铅笔却非常平静。简要表述In this picture we can see two pencils, quite different in length.One is a white long pencil. The other is a black short one.The long pencil looks
72、proud and delighted, saying to the short pencil “Youre nearing the end！”The short pencil remains calm.挖掘图中隐藏的要点使图画描述连贯长短铅笔对短铅笔所说的话的隐含的意思是：对短铅笔的嘲笑。His words mean laughing at the short pencil.短铅笔为什么那样平静? 有可能是：长铅笔的话让它陷入沉思。再进一步追问下去“沉思什么”?比如说：自己曾经做出的贡献、现在老了但是过着幸福的生活等等。连贯成篇In this picture we can see two p
73、encils, quite different in length, forming a sharp contrast. The long pencil, looking proud and delighted, is laughing at the short pencil by saying “Youre nearing the end!” . The short pencil, on the other hand, remains clam. The long pencils words let him fall into deep thoughts. He clearly rememb
74、ers he has been used in writing and drawing. Its true that hes approaching the end but he has been living a happy life.二、点明漫画实质从不同角度去看，就有不同的对漫画实质的理解。如：从“长短”上看：“长”是年轻的象征，“短”是老的象征。无论是人还是物都有“新旧”“老少”的时候。“长”有它的短处，“短”也有它的长处。由此我们可以得出结论：人无论长幼有自身的优点也有自身的弱点。The picture seems to tell us that everyone is a comb
75、ination of strengths and weaknesses.还有如果从“短铅笔”对别人的嘲笑保持平静上看，我们不难得出：不理会别人的嘲笑，自信地过自己的生活。三、发表个人看法围绕对漫画实质的理解发表个人的看法：年轻人在自信的同时请不要忽视学习老年人的长处。When feeling confident about our own strength, we, the young, should never ignore the advantages of the old, who are surely in some way more experienced, practiced an
76、d skilled than us. We may be expert in one particular area, yet its impossible for us to be accomplished in all respects.【参考范文】1I think the long pencil, looking proud and delighted, is laughing at the short pencil by saying “Youre nearing the end！”The short pencil, on the other hand, remains calm. T
77、he long pencils words let him fall into deep thoughts. He clearly remembers he has been used in writing and drawing. Its true that hes approaching the end but he has been living a memorable life and there has rarely been a dull moment.In reality, we should learn from the short pencil: not to mind wh
78、at others say so long as we are confident in what we have done.（官方提供）【参考范文】2In this picture we can see two pencils, quite different in length, forming a sharp contrast. The long pencil, looking proud and delighted, is laughing at the short pencil by saying “Youre nearing the end!”. The short pencil,
79、 on the other hand, remains clam. The long pencils words let him fall into deep thoughts. He clearly remembers he has been used in writing and drawing. Its true that hes approaching the end but he has been living a happy life. The picture seems to tell us that everyone is a combination of strengths
80、and weaknesses. When feeling confident about our own strength, we, the young, should never ignore the advantages of the old, who are surely in some way more experienced, practiced and skilled than us. We may be expert in one particular area, yet its impossible for us to be accomplished in all respec
81、ts.附录 以高考题为例谈书面表达的高分策略一、高考题剖析（2011江苏卷）试题：下面这幅照片展现了女儿为回家妈妈拿包的情景。请根据你对这幅照片的理解用英语写一篇短文。你的短文应包含以下内容：描述照片内容，如情景、人物、动作等等；结合自身实际，谈谈你的感想；举例说明你能为家长减负做些什么。注意：可参照图中文字及下面文章开头所给提示，作必要的发挥想象；词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数；作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。这是一篇看图作文,是江苏考试说明中一直出现,但是首次露面的题型。参照图中文字及下面文章开头所给提示我们发现所谈的话题其实非常传统，体现的是考生所熟悉的“感恩”的内容
82、。但是图中的提示，与其他省市以往的中文提示不同，这次使用了英文提示，但是英文提示并不难。图片形象清晰明了，考生只要注意观察，描述图的内容难度应该不大。难点在于作文要求的第二和第三点即是拿高分的关键点所在。而要攻克这个关键点就在于仔细审题，提炼要点，拓展要点，谋篇布局，遣词造句，连句成篇。现在我们从三个角度（遣词、造句和连句成篇）对2011年江苏卷书面表达的范文进行剖析。【范文】（划线部分为已经给出的句子）The burden of students has been a hot topic for years, but the load of parents has received litt
83、le attention, especially from their own children.The picture shows us a touching moment when a little girl comes to greet her working mum. Realizing her mum must be very tired after a days work, the girl helps to remove the bag from her shoulder. In response, the mum kneels down to show how happy an
84、d thankful she feels.All this reminds me of my mother who has been doing whatever she could do to let me have the best. But, totally engaged in my own study, I seldom pay attention to what mother needs and feels, and always think studying well is the only thing I could do in return. Now I know I can
85、 do my bit to help with the everyday washing, bedroom cleaning, or at least prepare breakfast myself, so as to share mothers daily burden. The picture convinces me it is even more important to be a good daughter than a “good” student. 1.遣词：运用了较多的高级词汇。如：用“a touching moment”来代替“an exciting moment ”；用“
86、engaged in sth”来代替“busy doing sth.”。还有诸如“removefrom，In response ，remindsof sth，totally ，do my bit，share，convince等高级词汇的运用给文章增色不少。某些修饰语的运用也恰到好处。如：“working mum”就比“mum”形象生动得多；“a little girl comes to greet her working mom happily”中的“happily”的运用给读者身临其境之感。2.造句：句型结构高级。范文共用了7个句子（不包括已经给出的开头句），全部是复合句。最长的句子为“Bu
87、t, totally engaged in my own study, I seldom pay attention to what mother needs and feels, and always think studying well is the only thing I could do in return.”计31个词，占了整个书面表达词数的三分之一强。非谓语动词用得比较多：touching ，to greet ，Realizing，to remove，to show，to let，to let me have the best，engaged，to help，washing，c
88、leaning，so as to share，to be a good daughter等。囊括了非谓语动词所有形式：动词不定式，动词的-ing形式和过去分词。复合句中三大从句“名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句”都有。由此可见：非谓语动词和复合句的运用受到命题专家的青睐。3.连句成篇：行文结构紧凑。关联词（In response，But，or）和过渡句（All this reminds me of my mother who has been doing whatever she could do to let me have the best.）的使用使得文章行文结构更加紧凑，上下文连贯，信息
89、的准确传递水到渠成。二、书面表达的高分策略高考书面表达的评分第五档的标准（21-25分），一篇好的书面表达文章应该具备下列要素：完全完成了试题规定的任务，完全达到了预期的写作目的；覆盖所有内容要点；应用了较多的语法结构和词汇语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。根据第五档这个标准，书面表达怎样写才能吸引阅卷老师的眼球，笔者以为要从以下几点来攻克。1.准确性用词准确是写好书面表达的关键。用词准确不仅仅是指词的拼写正确，还指所选用的词在搭配及表达词义上与句意是否相吻合，是否符合英美人的表达习惯：下
90、面每组第一句都存在用词不准确或不正确的句子。例我们再也不用熬夜了。 We neednt sleep late now any more .（sleep late不是熬夜的意思而是睡久了的意思） We neednt stay up late now any more. 例学生们搭起了帐篷，然后开始生火做饭。 The students put up the tent, and then set fire to cook.（set fire是“放火”而不是“生火”的意思） The students put up the tent, and then made a fire to cook. 2.得体
91、性用词的得体性是书面表达准确传递信息的关键。切忌汉语英语一一对译。下列例子中的第一句均不能传递准确的信息。例警察让我们抓下一个违章者。 (这个“让”字含有“迫使”之意)The policeman let us catch the next offender.（let sb. do sth意为allow sb. to do sth）The policeman made us catch the next offender. 例我们在农场四处看看。 We looked around the farm.（look around环视）We were shown around the farm.3.多样
92、性词汇反映考生语言知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。这里所in danger. 三是短语的使用：适当运用短语来代替单词。一般来说，使用短语的难度比单词大一些，因此适当运用短语更能显出考生运用语言的功力。例（改写句）But I have some difficulties with note-taking and I dont know how to use the library.(2011全国卷I范文原句)But I have some difficulties with note-taking and I have no idea of how to use the lib
93、rary.例（改写句）A students visiting group coming from the US will visit our school on June 26.(2011天津卷范文原句)A students visiting group coming from the US will pay a visit to our school on June 26. 例（改写句）I think the chance is very important for me.(2011山东卷范文原句)I think the chance is of great importance for m
94、e.为了在表达时不至于用同一种句型（比如都用简单句）而使得整篇文章显得呆板，运用不同的语法和句法手段表达同一内容，以使文章耐读性大大增强。 （一）语法手段：使用被动语态、虚拟语气、介词短语以及使用非谓语动词等语法手段使句子更加生动。例In our school, there are twenty-six classrooms. Our school is made up of twentysix classrooms.例The ship didnt sink with all on board because there were the effort of the captain. But
95、for the efforts of the captain, the ship would have sunk with all on board.例When you arrive, please give me an e-mail.On your arrival, please give me an e-mail. 例If the weather permits, Ill come tomorrow.Weather permitting, Ill come tomorrow.杂。1.肯定与否定句例（改写句）In fact, I realized its importance when I
96、was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school. （2011湖北卷范文原句）In fact, I didnt realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class inmy senior middle school.2.陈述句与倒装句例（改写句）From the picture I can see a tree full of fruits on side of the stream.（2011北京卷开放性作文范文原句）In the picture ther
97、e stands a tree full of fruits on side of the stream.3.陈述句与强调句例（改写句）Working in teams instead of on my own has freed me of trouble and made my work more efficient.（2011湖北卷范文原句）It is working in teams instead of on my own that has freed me of trouble and made my work more efficient.4.简单句与复合句例（2011福建卷范文
98、原句）On May 12,2008, a severe earthquake destroyed almost everything in the school, leaving badly-damaged buildings.（改写句）On May 12,2008, a severe earthquake destroyed almost everything in the school, which left buildings damaged badly. 连句成篇是指使用恰当的连接词和过渡句使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。这里说的“衔接自然、紧凑”，就是指通过连接词（包括并列连词、连接性副词
99、和从属连词）、非谓语动词短和过渡句，使多个意义相互关联的事情或观点在同一个语篇中得以表达，从而使整个篇章浑然一体，连贯流畅。构完整连贯。常用过渡句举例用于开启话题的过渡句：As is known to allIt is often said that, As the proverb says, It is clear/obvious that, Many people often ask 等；用于承接话题的过渡句：It is true that,It can be easily proved that,No one can deny thatThe reason why is that ,Th
100、ere is no doubt that,What is more serious is that等；用于扩展话题的过渡句：I do not believe that,Perhaps youll ask whyThis may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to,Though we are in basic agreement with , yet differences will be found, Thats why I feel that等；用于总结话题的过渡句：On account of this we can find that The result is dependent on Thus, this is the reason why we must等。
