1、上海市各区2015届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：回答问题专题One【虹口区】Section CDirections: Read the following passage and then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.All of us rely on what we see. We say to ourselves, I know I was there; I saw it happen and that seems to settle the matter. Or d
2、oes it? Can we really trust the evidence of our eyes?Take competitive sports for example. Most fans at sports events are always controlled by emotion, which leads to the fact that they will not agree with each other and even disagree with the referee although they watch the same game. He was out of
3、bounds when he caught the pass, says one fan. Another says, Youre crazy. I saw it with my own eyes. He was five feet in bounds. You must be blind. The referee rules that the receiver did step out of bounds. But thousands of fans are still not convincedbecause they were there!Its the same story in th
4、e courtroom. Trial (审判) procedure depends on witnesses giving sworn testimony （证词）. But just how reliable is the testimony of a person who reports what he has seen? In a recent study, ten thousand witnesses were asked to describe the man they saw commit a crime. The study reveals that, on the averag
5、e, the witnesses overestimated the mans height by five inches, his age by eight years, and gave the wrong hair colour in 83 percent of the cases. These witnesses didnt play tricks on them!What can we do to keep error to minimum? Above all, dont let your emotions interfere with your vision. Dont see
6、something because you want to see it. Another solution to the problem would, of course, be to note down what you see. Dont rely on your memory alone. Take pictures, make recordings, and use any other aid, which will help a lot to reduce distortion. One more solution is also needed: The error is not
7、likely to be minimized until the people involved stay relaxed. If you are tense, you are very likely to see red when the colour is blue.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. The reason why fans disagree with each other at sports events is that few of
8、 them_.79. The word them in Para.3 refers to_.80. What are the other two solutions to keeping visual error to minimum besides not letting your emotions interfere with your vision?81. It can be inferred from the passage that the author takes sports events and courtroom as examples in order to illustr
9、ate _.78. are not controlled by emotion79. the mans height, age and hair colour80. Nothing down what you see and staying relaxed.81. We cant completely trust the evidence of eyesTwo【黄浦区】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewes
10、t possible words.On October 29, 1929, the United States stock market crashed. In the days that followed, banks and businesses closed, the number of the unemployed workers rose to 15million, and many people lost their savings. As the economic crisis wore on, it became known as the Great Depression. I
11、t left many people feeling anxious and uncertain about the future.Within days of his inauguration(就职典礼) in 1933, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt(FDR) began taking steps to stabilize the banking system, support the economy, and provide jobs for unemployed workers. To keep the American public info
12、rmed about the changes that were underway, he gave a series of radio addresses called fireside chats. FDR used these broadcasts to speak about a number of issues. The first of Roosevelts fireside chats was delivered on Sunday, March 12,1933. His goal in this message was to explain the bank crisis in
13、 the United States.He explained to American why banks had run out of money. Roosevelt assured people that their money was safe and that they could get their money when they really needed it. He said that most of the banks would be open the next day and that others would be open again very soon. His
14、messages purpose was to restore Americans confidence in their banking system.Roosevelts chats to America were popular with the people. Many looked forward to hearing what FDR had to say. The White House did not always tell the public whether a particular radio address was to be regarded as a firesid
15、e chat. As a result, there is some question about the exact number of these speeches. Twenty-eight such addresses were definitely identified, and two other radio addresses could have also been chats.Roosevelt delivered his final fireside chat on June 12,1944. The focus was opening a fifth war-loan d
16、rive. He complimented the American people for supporting the war effort with the purchase of more than $32 billion of war bonds. He encouraged them to buy more as the war effort continued to cost money every day, money that he confidently predicted would lead to final victory.(Notes:Answer the quest
17、ions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78._ led to the Great Depression according to the passage.79. Whats the purpose of Roosevelts fireside chats?80. Roosevelt delivered his first fireside chat to assure people of _.81. Why did Roosevelt praise the American people in his final
18、fireside chat?Keys:78. The crash of the United States stock market79. To keep the American public informed about importance issues/messages/the changes80. The safety of their money81. Because they supported the war effort by buying war bonds Three【浦东新区】Sunshine might be healthier than most people th
19、ink, outweighing the risk of skin cancer. British doctors suggested last week and ran straight into a storm. The four researchers at Bristol University in western England were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun. Experts agree exposure to the suns
20、ultraviolet rays (紫外线) increases the risk of skin cancer and accelerates the signs of aging. But in the British Medical Journal, the Bristol team led by Andrew Ness wrote, “There is evidence that the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight may outweigh the widely publicized negative effects on th
21、e incidence of skin cancer.” Vitamin D, made in the body in reaction to sunlight, prevented rickets (软骨病) in children and was associated with a protective effect against heart disease. Sunshine was also useful for treating certain skin conditions and there was evidence that it reduced the incidence
22、of multiple sclerosis (硬化症). There was also the “feel good effect of lying or sitting in the sun.” The researchers said it was too early to advise people to spend more time in the sun, but suggested the basis of the current advice to cover up should be reviewed. “Perhaps, while we await the conclusi
23、ons of such formal analyses, those of us who enjoy spending time in the sun can rest assured that the chance that we will be one of the people dying from the sun is small.” they added. Their article was strongly criticized by health campaigners who claimed it was unbalanced and not backed by scienti
24、fic evidence. Britains Health Education Authority said skin cancer was the most common form of cancer in the country, with more than 50,000 new cases diagnosed each year and more than 2,000 people dying from the disease. It said treatment almost always required surgery and almost 50 per cent of case
25、s were fatal. The authoritys skin cancer campaign manager Christopher New said, “We are very disappointed with this controversial article. It doesnt have enough supporting evidence and runs the risk of undoing many years of good health education.”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statement
26、s in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. According to the four researchers at Bristol University, _ does more good than harm.79. What does the author mean by saying “the British doctors ran straight into a storm”?80. The “good health education” reminds people _.81. People have not yet been able to reach an a
27、greement on _.Keys:78. exposure in sunshine.79. their article aroused a heated debate.80. that sunshine may cause skin cancer.81. whether sunshine is good for people or not.Four【长宁区】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest po
28、ssible words.The paper is written in an attempt to discuss what the creative process is .Though much theory has accumulated ,little is really known about the power that lies at the bottom of poetic creation. It is true that great poets and artists produce beauty by employing all the powers of person
29、ality and by combing emotions, reason, and intuitions(直觉). But what is the magical synthesis(合成) that joins and arranges these complex parts into poetic unity? John L.Lowes, in his justly famous” The Road to Xanadu,” developed one of the earliest and still generally acceptable answers to this intere
30、sting question. Imaginative creation. He concludes, is a complex process in which the conscious and unconscious minds jointly operate. “there is .the deep well with its chaos(杂乱) of accidently mixing images ,but there is likewise the vision which sees shining in and through the chaos of the potentia
31、l lines of form , and with the vision, the controlling will ,which gives to that potential beauty actuality.” The deep well is the unconscious mind that is peopled with the facts, ideas , feelings of the conscious activity. The imaginative vision, an unconscious activity, shines through the land of
32、chaos, of lights and shadows , silently seeking pattern and form. Finally, the conscious mind again, through will , captures and embodies the idea in the final work of art. In this way is unity born out of chaos. Though there can be no absolute certainty, there is general agreement that the periods
33、in the development of a creative work parallel(与.相似)， to some extent ,Lowess theory of well , vision , form and will. There are at least three stages in the creative process: preparation, inspiration, work. In a sense, the period of preparation is all of the writers life. It is the deep well. It is
34、especially a period of concentration which gives the unconscious mind an opportunity to communicate with the conscious mind. When remembrance of things past reaches the conscious level of the writers mind, he is ready to go on with the process. Part of this preparation involves learning a medium-lea
35、rning a language, learning how to write, learning literary forms. It is important to note here that form cannot be imposed upon the idea. Evidence, though not enough, shows that the idea gives birth to the form that can best convey it. It is the vision, according to Lowes, that sees shining in and t
36、hrough the chaos of the potential lines of form.(Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than TEN words)78.John L. Lowes has provided an acceptable answer to the question of _.79._are the four elements of John L. Lowes theory.80. How does the preparation stage contribute to the de
37、velopment of a creative work?81.According to the passage, what is the relationship between the idea and form.Keys:78.what the creative process is.79.Well, vision, form and will.80.By giving the unconscious mind an opportunity to communicate with the conscious mind.81.form cannot be imposed upon the
38、idea but the idea gives birth to the form that can best convey it.Five【徐汇区】Section CDirection：Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have g
39、enerally viewed personal growth as an external (外在的) result or a product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a rise, the student whose grades improve, and the foreigner who learns a new language-all these examples of people who have measurable results to show for their ef
40、fortsBy contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have , their caution or courage, as they meet with n
41、ew experiences and unexpected difficulties. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to acceptIn order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to
42、 accept the possibility that they may fail at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential for our ability to growDo we see ourselves as quick and curious? If so, we tend to take more changes and be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think were shy and indecisive? Th
43、en our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we are slow to adapt to change or that were not smart enough to deal with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all. These feeli
44、ngs of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt, if we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing. We become trapped inside a shell of our own makingBased on the two basic ways to vie
45、w growth mentioned in the passage, “Jane won the first prize in the speech competition.” can be regarded as_.The process of growth refers to _,when people come across new experiences and obstacles.If someone is keen on learning anything new, he is likely to_._or too much self-protection may prevent
46、us growing.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Ten Words.)Six【闵行区】Seven【奉贤区】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea th
47、at you should turn negative thoughts like I never do anything right into positive ones like I can succeed. But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journalPsychological Sciencethat says tryi
48、ng to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are. The studys authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing th
49、at when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, youre just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked part
50、icipants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their th
51、oughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, I am lovable.Those with low self-esteem didnt feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of
52、 members of the control group, who werent urged to think positive thoughts.The paper provides support for newer forms ofpsychotherapy(心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse.Medita
53、tion(静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.(Note: Answer the question or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS)The self- help industry is based on _.The finding of the Canad
54、ian researchers is that_.From the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic, we knowthat_.From the last paragraph, we know that _ may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.Keys:78.the idea that you should turn negative thoughts into positive ones.79.Thinking more positively have a opposite effect.80.
55、overly positive thinking doesnt make people feel better.81.Meditation techniquesEight【静安区】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. From boy to manGROWING up on-screen for a decade as Harry Potter, 22-year-old
56、Daniel Radcliffe has had to deal with typecasting (同类角色出演) his whole career. However, in a new release called The Woman in Black, the successful child actor finally escapes J.K. Rowlings hero by taking on the lead role in a classic ghost story.The movie, which hit Chinese cinemas on Sept 20, 2012, t
57、ells the tale of a widowed(丧妻的)lawyer named Arthur Kipps (Radcliffe)who is sent to a remote village in the north of England for a late clientsaffairs. There, he discovers the towns tragic pastchildren die after they see a mysterious woman dressed in black. To clear things up, he decided to stay alon
58、e in an old house, which is completely cut off from the mainland at high tide. His fears grow when he sees a woman in black looking at him from the window and hears the sound of a pony and trap in difficulty, followed by the screams of a young child. Kipps decides he must find a way to break the cyc
59、le of horror after his son is threatened by the mysterious woman. The story pulls out every old, dark house clich(老套路)going: demonic(恶魔的)dolls, rocking chairs, and the ghostly black-cloaked(穿黑披风的)woman herself. However, it has become one of that years biggest box office winners in the UK when it was
60、 released there. British movie critic Jamie Russell thinks what makes it so different is how character-driven it is and how Radcliffe makes it count. “The Woman in Black works because of Radcliffe, not in spite of him,”he said. “Radcliffes face convinces you that Kipps knows what it is to have loved
61、 and lost forever.” There is not much conversation. Director James Watkinss gambledon Radcliffes acting. He was not disappointed. “Its an absolute joy doing the slow push in on Dan, reading his thoughts and letting the camera drift closer and closer into his eyes, ”he told British magazine Total Fil
62、m. For the former Potter star who has longed for a career away from Hogwarts, this ghost movie is a step in the right direction. “Its mainly about working hard and proving to people youre serious about it, and stretching(倾注全力)yourself and learning. ”Radcliffe told British online newspaper The Huffin
63、gton Post. And he understands fame is fleeting. “The line that has made the most lasting impression on me was by US writer William Goldman. He said something like, Stars come and go, only actors last. ”he told the news website.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TE
64、N WORDS) 78. The movie The woman in Black is about _.79. Why does Kipps have to find a way to break the cycle of horror?80. How The woman in Black is successful is that it has been_.81. What does The woman in Black mean for Radcliffe, the former Harry Potter star? Keys:78. how Arthur Kipps deals wit
65、h a mysterious woman in black79. Because his son is threatened by the woman in black.80. one of this years biggest box office winner in Britain.81. It is a step on his way to make a breakthrough.Nine【崇明县】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the state
66、ments in the fewest possible words. Defenders of the French language are angered by plans to introduce courses taught in English at public universities, arguing that France must protect itself against the risk of losing its cultural identity. The French Parliament recently started to debate the issu
67、e as part of a bill on a broader reform of higher education, but all attention has focused on an article that would lift a 19-year ban on English as a teaching language at public universities. The French government backs the change, which it says would help to attract foreign students and help Frenc
68、h graduates compete in a global economy as the country struggles to regain competitiveness. More French students fearing poor job prospects at home, where youth unemployment is nearly 25 percent, are studying and working abroad. One of their destinations is London, which now has become the sixth lar
69、gest French population in the world. However, opponents of the law, including professors, lawmakers and the French language supervision body Academic France, say the community of other French-speaking peoples must be defended and that the change would be a betrayal of other French-speaking nations.I
70、f France gives other French-speaking countries the wrong signal by leading an assault against the language, that would be a very, very regrettable thing indeed, said Claude Hagege, a language scientist. France has long defended its culture at home and abroad. In 1994, the so-called Toubon Law made t
71、he use of French mandatory in all TV broadcasts, meaning all foreign-language programs are dubbed, while radio stations must play at least 40 percent of French music for most of the day. Business leaders criticize Frances low ranking for English proficiency(熟练度） - it placed 23rd in a 2012 global ran
72、king published by education company Education First - even though the use of English has grown, notably in academic circles. Higher Education Minister Genevieve Fioraso said offering English would increase the appeal of French universities at a time when they are falling further behind in internatio
73、nal rankings. In a 2011-2012 survey by Britains Times newspaper, the highest-ranked French university is in 59th position. Private business schools where English is taught rank higher.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What does “the change” in Para
74、graph 3 refer to ?79. Some people are against the change because they think it would_.80. According to “Toubon Law” , what is a must for TV stations in France?81. Genevieve Fioraso thinks the release of the bill may help French universities _.Keys:78. Allowing using English as a teaching language at
75、 public universities.79. be a betrayal of other French-speaking nations/make France lose its cultural identity80. Using French in all TV broadcasts / The use of French in all TV broadcasts.81. attract more students/be more appealing/rank higher in international rankingsTen【普陀区】Section CDirections: R
76、ead the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Different people may find that different learning methods work best for them. While some would turn to tutoring in order to get better grades, others choose to join study groups. In fact, man
77、y universities encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them.“Two heads are better than one.”Thats the simple idea behind study groups. By participating in a study group, students can benefit from some of their best academic resources: other students. They get to pick each
78、others brains and improve their own understanding of different problems. Moreover, study groups can create the slightly tense atmosphere in which its good to study. For example, some students tend to procrastinate(拖延) when they are studying by themselves; however, by joining a study group, they get
79、to observe their peers who are working diligently and are likely to thus have motivation for working harder. Study groups work best when they are small , but not too small -four to five participants is about right. And its necessary to make sure everyone has the same goal, to prepare for a particula
80、r test, to discuss class readings or to review the weeks lecture notes. Besides, socializing in the group would make studying more fun as long as it took up only a small portion of group study time. In addition, to maximize the efficiency, some study groups like to assign members certain roles, and
81、thus efficiency will be promoted. Besides an organizer, who gets group members to agree to a common purpose and a convenient time and place, there often is a group member playing the role of a source-seeker, whose duty is to remind group members to identify their sources. For instance, when a group
82、member says “I read somewhere that.”, the source-seekers should ask for specifics. This person reminds the group that its important to know who said what and where it was said. And a gatekeeper, who tries to make sure that all group members are participating, may ask a direct question to help a shy
83、person participate, or find a way to get a dominating member to listen.(Note: Answer the question or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)Many universities encourage students to take advantage of _for better grades rather than learning alone.Peers are not only the best academic resou
84、rces but also motivate each other to _when learning in groups.According to paragraph 3, besides the small size, what are the other two factors that could help a study group work best?All the members in the study group will be assigned different roles because people believe that it will result in_.Ke
85、ys: study groupswork harderThe same goal and specializing in the groupmaximizing the efficiencyEleven【闸北区】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. The herds of bulls and horses depicted running along the walls
86、 of the Lascaux caves in France are among the most magnificent examples of prehistoric art ever discovered. But rather than displaying hunting scenes, new evidence suggests that the images actually represent the frightening sounds which came from the mouths of the caves. US researcher Steven Waller
87、believes that the echoes(回声) of clapping outside the cave would have sounded like hundreds of animal feet drumming on the ground. He proposes that the caves were preserved for their sound properties, which prehistoric peoples mistook for supernatural noises. Ancient stories explained echoes from the
88、 mouths of certain giant caves as replies from spirits, so our ancestors chose to decorate these caves with paintings believing that they were inhabited by spirits and gods. Beside animal sounds, many ancient cultures attributed thunder in the sky to thunder gods, so it makes sense that some lasting
89、 echoes within the caves were interpreted as thunder and inspired paintings of those thunder gods on cave walls. The idea is also supported by audio theory, which shows statistically significant similarities between the rock are sites and modern sound reflection equipment. As for the presence of the
90、 famous Stonehenge(巨石阵) in Britain, Mr. Walker also suggests it may have been the sound of the prehistoric monument, rather than the sight, that inspired its creation. He claims that its architects may have been trying to recreate a sound-effect similar to the ritual sound made during religious danc
91、ing. People taking part in a religious dance around a pair of pipes would have heard the music grow quieter as they moved past certain pipes due to a natural phenomenon known as an interference pattern. If they were blindfold, it would have created the illusion that the sound was intermittently bein
92、g reduced by invisible gods as they danced. According to Dr. Walker, the effects became so impressive that ancient people attempted to capture it in store. Therefore the Stonehenge appeared. However some British experts said that it was clear that Stonehenge had been created over several centuries r
93、ather than being thrown up overnight.They claimed that there was no question in the traditional view that lining up along the mid-summer sunrise and mid-winter sunset was the ultimate purpose for its building.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 78. Acco
94、rding to ancient people, who lived in the big caves? 79. Modern sound science finds that _ and _ have much in common. 80. According to Walker, how was the sound made weaker during religious dancing? 81. The traditional view believes that Stonehenge was built in order to _.Keys:78. Spirits and gods79
95、. rock art sites, modern sound reflection equipment80. By moving past certain pipes to create interference pattern.81. line up along the mid-summer sunrise and mid-winter sunsetTwelve【嘉定区】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the few
96、est possible words.WhenDannyBowmanwasatschool,hewassodesperatetoattractgirls,hespent10hoursadaytakingmore than200 selfies（自拍）tryingtofindtheperfectimage.Buthisaddiction,whichbeganattheageof15,causedhimtodropoutofschoolandlosealmost7kilogramesinweight.Hewouldtake10photosofhimselfbeforehewashedandwoul
97、dsneakoutofclassthreetimeseveryhour.At16,hedroppedoutofschoolsohecouldfocusonhisaddiction,andhisappetitebecameworse.HedidnotleavehishouseinNewcastleuponTyneforsixmonths,andwhenhefailedtotaketheflawlessshot,hetriedtokillhimselfbytakinganoverdose.The19-year-oldbelievedtobeBritainsfirstselfieaddict,has
98、nowhadtherapytotreathistechnologyaddiction,OCD（强迫性神经官症)andBodydimorphicdisorderanexcessiveanxietyaboutpersonalappearance.Hehasnottakenapictureofhimselfinsevenmonths,andhasrealizedthatachievingperfectionisimpossible.HetoldtheSundayMirror: “I wasconstantlyinsearchoftakingtheperfectselfieandwhenIrealiz
99、edIcouldnt,Iwantedtodie.Ilostmyfriends,myeducation,myhealthandalmostmylife.TheonlythingIcaredaboutwashavingmyphonewithmesoIcouldsatisfytheurgetocaptureapictureofmyselfatanytimeoftheday.” Hewouldlookatphotosofhis “idol” LeonardoDiCaprioandwouldthencopyhisposes.Dannysdreamwastobecomeamalemodel.Theself
100、iecrazehasgrowninpastfiveyears,withstars,politiciansandevenPopeFrancispostinggettinginvolvedinthesensation.ButonepsychologistataclinicwhereDannywastreatedsaidtheaddictionwithtakingselfieshasnowbecomeamentalillness.Nowdeterminedtoraiseawarenessoftheanxietydisorder,DannyisworkingwithFixers-anationalch
101、arityhelpingyoungpeopleto ”fix”theissuesthatbotherthem.Hesaidtheirhelphaskepthimaliveandcalledonotherstoseekhelpbeforetheyendupinhospital (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS. )78. Danny spent 10 hours a day taking more than 200 selfies at school Because _.
102、79. What is the most serious symptom about Danny? _.80. What can be inferred from the treatment about the addiction of Dannys selfie? _.81. _ made Danny change for the better both physically and mentally?Keys:78. he was so desperate to attract girls79. When he failed to take the flawless shot, he ne
103、arly took his own life by taking an overdose.80. He was on the way to become normal.81. Working with FixersThirteen【金山区】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Sugar is blamed for fueling the nations obesity c
104、risis. Yet many of us dont realize just how quickly our intake creeps up and the crucial link it has to health.There is nothing inherently(固有地) unhealthy about sugar so we shouldnt be afraid of it or try to eliminate it from our diets completely. It doesnt directly cause heart disease or diabetes(糖尿
105、病) so theres nothing wrong with the occasional sweet treat. The problem arise because most of us are eating far too much.There are different types of sugar and its found in all sorts of everyday foods. It occurs naturally in fruit and is added by manufacturers to make snacks such as cakes and biscui
106、ts. All types of sugar, whether found in cakes or fruit , will push up your intake of calories. If you dont burn them off through exercise you are likely to get fat. Thats where the real health problems begin, including increase risk of heart disease, diabetes and some cancers.With sugar found natur
107、ally in fruit there is a balance. This sugar can play a role in making us overweight but fruit is also bursting with other sources of goodness. The added sugar found in snacks and sweets doesnt contain many nutrients so we are encouraged to get our sugar allowance from fruit instead.Tom Sanders, pro
108、fessor of dietetics and nutrition at Kings College London, says:“we advise people to eat up to three portions of fruit a day but only have confectionery occasionally, because sweet can also tend to be high in better to get most of your carbohydrates intake from starchy foods such as bread, rice, pot
109、atoes and pasta because they also contain useful amounts of other nutrients such as proteins and vitamins. It is recommended that no more than 11% or our total daily calories intake should come from sugars. Professor Sander says:This translates into 60g of sugar”There is no evidence that sugar is ad
110、dictive, adds the professor , but it is habit forming . “We have special taste receptors for sugars on our tongue,” he explains. “ Sweet tastes give us pleasure, unlike bitter and acidic flavors.”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements with NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS)78. The health problem
111、s caused by sugar, such as increased risk of heart disease, come from_79. What kind of balance does fruit contain?_80. Though a type of carbohydrate, sugar doesnt contain nutrients like _.81. Why is sugar habit forming?Keys:78. people eating far too much79It contains other sources of goodness.80.pro
112、teins and vitamins81. Because people feel pleasure when using sugar. Fourteen【松江区】Section C (8分)Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Much time and effort has been devoted to researching the mental health benefits of
113、 flexible work environments, but can the ability to leave work early to watch your sons soccer game, or arrive at the office a bit later in the morning in order to see to some personal matters, have broader physical health benefits besides making you feel a bit less tired?According to new research p
114、ublished in the Cochrane Librarys Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, it seems so. In a review of 10 previous studies examining the health effects of flexible work conditions for more than 16,000 people, researchersfrom the U.K.s Durham University and University of Newcastle, as well as the Uni
115、versity of Montreal, found that flexible work schedules, for instance, when employees can shift their starting times, were associated with improvements in a persons overall health. And, perhaps unsurprisingly, in all of the studies included in the review, researchers found no evidence for negative e
116、ffects of more flexible work schedules.This initial analysis was intended to throw light on the potential health benefits of flexible work options, which are increasingly popular throughout Scandinavia, and have recently gained some ground in the U.K. For example, last April, the British government
117、implemented a policy that allowed parents of children ages six and under to request flexible work arrangements to include parents of children ages 16 and younger. In the U.S., the phenomenon is a bit slower to catch on. Yet, the economic slowdown of recent years may have contributed to growth in wor
118、kplace flexibility as companies unable to reward employees with bonuses or raises may turn to other forms of compensation, Reuters reported early last year.Original analysis too, of course, indicated the benefits of flexible work environments toward positive mental health outcomes. And while these l
119、atest findings are promising, the researchers stress that more study is vital to understanding the detailed relationship between flexible work and improved health outcomes. To truly grasp the benefits of flexible working conditions, the researchers say, additional study analyzing health outcomes amo
120、ng a wide range of workers from high-ranking executives to hourly employees is critical, which helps to gain a deeper understanding of the issue, and to shape future workplace policy.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78.What did the new research publish
121、ed in the Cochrane Library Database of Systematic Reviews find?_ 79.According to the passage, _ is the possible reason for more workplace flexibility in the United States.80.According to the policy carried out by the British Government, what kind of parents can request flexible work arrangements?_81
122、.Additional study analyzing health outcomes among a wide range of workers helps to _ Keys:78. Flexible work environment has both physical and mental benefits.79. the economic slowdown80. parents of children aged 16 and younger81.deeply understand the issue and shape future workplace policyFifteen【杨浦
123、区】Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Speed-reading is an indispensable skill in the Internet age. We skim over articles, e-mails and tweets to try to grasp key words and the essential meaning of a certai
124、n text. Bombarded with information from our electronic devices, it would be impossible to cope if we read word by word, line by line.But a new trend calls on people to unplug and enjoy reading slowly, listing benefits beyond intellectual stimulation.A recent story from The Wall Street Journal report
125、ed on a book club in Wellington, New Zealand, where members meet in a cafe and turn off their smartphones. They sink into cozy chairs and read in silence for an hour.Unlike traditional book clubs, the point of the Slow Reading Club isnt exchanging ideas about a certain book, but to get away from ele
126、ctronic devices and read in a quiet, relaxed environment. According to the Journal, the Wellington book club is just one example of a movement initiated by book lovers who miss the old-fashioned way of reading before the Internet and smartphones.Slow readers, such as The Atlantics Maura Kelly, say a
127、 regular reading habit sharpens the mind, improves concentration, reduces stress levels and deepens the ability to empathize.Some of these benefits have been backed up by science. For example, a study of 300 elderly people published by the journal Neurology last year showed that regular engagement i
128、n intellectually strenuous activities like reading slowed the rate of memory loss later in life.Another study published last year in Science showed that reading novels helps people understand others mental states and beliefs, a crucial skill in building relationships.Slow reading means a return to a
129、n uninterrupted, linear pattern, in a quiet environment free of distractions. Aim for 30 minutes a day, advises Kelly from The Atlantic. “You can squeeze in that half hour pretty easily if only during your free moments whenever you find yourself automatically firing up your laptop to check your favo
130、rite site, or scanning Twitter for something to pass the timeyou pick up a meaningful work of literature,” Kelly said. “Reach for your e-reader, if you like. Kindles make books like War and Peace less heavy, not less substantive, and also ensure youll never lose your place in the book.”(Note: Answer
131、 the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS)78. Speed-readers read an article by _ .【参考答案】skimming over it and catching the key words and essential meaning.【思路解析】从文章第一段第二句“We skim over articles, e-mails and tweets to try to grasp key words and the essential meaning of a ce
132、rtain text.”我们可以知道快速阅读的方式就是快速浏览并抓住关键词和中心意思。79. What do the members of the Wellington Book Club usually do? .【参考答案】They usually turn off smart-phones and read in silence for an hour.【思路解析】从文章的第三段我们可以找到关键词“Wellington Book Club”,然后文章紧接着讲到在那里会员经常关掉手机，坐在沙发上安静地读书一小时，对句子进行浓缩去掉不必要的成分即可。80. Slow reading will
133、 benefit peoples future life because it can_.【参考答案】slow the rate of memory loss.【思路解析】这个题目很多学生容易误以为答案在第五段，但是第六段讲到上面的这些好处只有部分是有科学依据的，其中之一就是“slow the rate of memory loss”。81. According to Kelly, what are the two advantages of e-readers like Kindles?_.【参考答案】Being less heavy and marking the place in the
134、 book.【思路解析】文章中提到Kindles 让那些战争类的书籍变得不那么沉重，并且可以记住你读的地方。这里需要注意的是需用两个名词来回答，所以需要把动词变动名词。Sixteen【青浦区】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. The one place you really dont want to be on weekend is in hospital. Last
135、 week, it was revealed in the research by Guys and St Thomas hospital in London, that stroke patients admitted on a Saturday or Sunday are up to 16 percent more likely to die . Meanwhile , a report earlier this year from NHS England found that all patients are 12 percent more likely to die if admitt
136、ed to hospital at the weekend -this was because fewer senior staff were available and there was a lack of access to key physical examination tests, such as scans. But even if youre not in hospital, weekends can be a health danger. You might have thought it was your chance to recover after a hard wee
137、k ,but as we reveal, while they wont kill you, weekends may be bad for your health. Headaches can occur more often at the weekend-especially on a Saturday-because of a chance in our routine, suggests Dr Andy Dowson, director of headache services at Kings College Hospital, London. He says:” if you ar
138、e used to eating at a certain time of day or getting up and falling asleep at the same time, not continuing in the normal way at the weekend can cause headaches as your body and brain try to adjust to irregular meals or having a lie-in.” one theory is that the hypothalamus is very sensitive to any c
139、hange in the bodys routine. Caffeine withdrawal may be another factor, if you usually drink three or four cups of tea or coffee on week days to help you concentrate at work, but dont at the weekend, your body can go into withdrawal . its thought caffeine also influences the chemical messenger that w
140、idens blood vessels in the brain-without it, these vessels narrow again, triggering a headache. Lying on the sofa in front of TV for hours watching your favorites after a week of running around can make heartburn worse-or even cause it to happen, as sitting with the head and shoulders bent forward p
141、uts pressure on the stomach, forcing acid up the gullet, the tube through which food passes from the mouth to the stomach, say Steven Mann, a gastroenterologist at the Royal Free London Trust. Acid reflux can also become a problem at the weekend you cannot bear because of less regular meal times as
142、a result of late nights and lie-ins, explains Dr Mann. And having a take away could be the final straw. “ Oily, fatty food stimulates acid production, which can also cause problems such as heartburn and overflowing with the food.”Dr Mann adds.(note: Answer the question or complete the statements in
143、NOT MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS)78. besides fewer staff available, why are weekend patients admitted to hospitals more likely to die?79. what are the two factors which may cause headaches?80. A headache sometimes occurs when blood vessels narrow for lack of _81. we can infer from the passage that the fin
144、al straw in the last paragraph means_.Keys:78. because there is a lack of access to key physical examination tests.79. a change in ones routine and caffeine withdrawal.80. a chemical messenger81. the last factor /thing/ hazard that leads you to be a weekend patient.Seventeen【宝山区】Section CDirections:
145、 Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.For senior adviser Kathryn Cramer, author of Lead Positive: What Highly Effective Leaders See, Say, and Do, the best way to inspire followers is to focus on the positive. Cramer developed a
146、 methodology called Asset-Based Thinking (ABT) based on this message of positive thinking, and describes in her book how leaders:see the positive in the past, present and future;say the positive with communications with substance, enthusiasm and soul;do the positive by responding with intention (not
147、 reacting), using their qualities and driving positive change over the long term.The see-say-do framework is at the heart of Cramers Asset-Based Thinking methodology, which offers a comprehensive framework for leaders to respond to a wide variety of challenges and situations. In Lead Positive, Crame
148、r describes a range of ABT techniques and guidelines for applying the framework.The “force field analysis”, for example, is a technique used to learn from a past situation that successfully worked, and is built around four questions:“What forces were working for us?” With this question, you should i
149、dentify five positive, promoting forces, Cramer writes.“What forces were working against us?” This question should lead to one or two negative forces.“What did we do to use the promoting forces and eliminate or sidestep the negative forces?”“What behavior do we want to repeat and knowledge do we wan
150、t to carry forward? Which situational assets do we want to recreate, and which situational traps must we avoid?” These questions will give the leader and his or her team a clear memory of how they used positive “situational forces” and overcame negative ones to achieve success. Cramers force field a
151、nalysis is both informational and inspiring.One of the recurring (一再出现) approaches in Cramers ABT methodology is the Self-Other-Situation framework, in which leaders take into account themselves, others and the situation in question. For example, to help leaders “see” the positive in the present, Cr
152、amer writes that they need to consider what makes them feel strong and capable, how they develop meaningful connections with other people, and what gives them a sense of progress or achievement .(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the highlig
153、ht of Cramers ABT technique?79. The “force field analysis” can help leaders _.80. How does the author like Cramers force field analysis?81. In Self-Others-Situation framework, leaders should _.Keys:78. The see-say-do framework.79. use positive forces and overcome negative ones to achieve success.80. Both informational and inspiring.81. consider themselves, others and situation in questions.- 16 -
