1、2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练 (12)Travel after covid-19 疫情下的出行模式主题语境：人与自我 主题语境内容：个人生活【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，认识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。）InAuckland, the largest city in New Zealand, public-transportfareshave been cut in half. In London politicians leavenotes on civilservants desks telling them to turn up for work andbegpeopl
2、e to start going back to the office. Eric Adams, themayor（市长）of New York, has asked bank bosses to set an example byridingthesubway. None of it seems to be working. Thesubwayis only two-thirds as busy as it was before covid-19.Aucklands bus system was half as busy in April as it was three years earl
3、ier. Despite fears of “carmageddon”, people have notswappedpublictransportfor theprivatekind. They are simply moving around less. Although travel is likely to recover a little further, a return to the pre-pandemicpatternseemsimpossible. Onereasonis that not alljourneyshave declined. Parisians made m
4、ore shopping trips last summer than they did before covid appeared. In New York Sunday travel has held up better than weekday travel. What has collapsed isrush-hourcommuting（通勤）,particularlyamong well-paid workers in the knowledge economy. That suggests the change inbehaviouris caused not by fear of
5、infectionwhich might be expected toreduceover timebut by afundamentalchange of work habits. Rich countries should accept this new reality, and start buildingtransportsystemstomatch. Infrastructure（基础设施）projectsthat just addcapacitytoconventionalsuburb-to-city-centreroutesnow seempointless, especiall
6、y in the biggest cities. They arerootedin the idea thaturbantravel is like anasterisk（星号）, with peoplesqueezingonto radial roads andrailwaylines. Travel is now more like aspiderweb. People take fewer, often shorterjourneysalongthinnerroutes; they move to the side, as well as in and out. That explain
7、s why buses, which are often used for shortjourneys, haveemptiedout lessthancommutertrains. Now that people travel lesspredictably, there is a stronger case forinnovationssuch as on-demandbuses and “mobilityas a service”, which weaves together publictransportand personal modes such as taxis and hire
8、d bikes. These make better use of the existing infrastructure, and come closer to the convenience of cars. Antwerp, Genoa and Helsinki lead in this area. British cities need to do something more basic, byintegratingtheir public-transportnetworks. Outside London, they tend to have some bus companies,
9、 somerailwaylines andperhapsatramsystem, all doing their own thing. The result isconfusionand often greater cost for the public. Countries should not give up tools on public-transportprojects. Their populations are growing, and they will need to cutcongestionand carbonemissions. But instead of build
10、ing moreradii（半径交通线）, along the lines of Londons new Elizabeth line or the tunnel being dug at huge expense under the East river in New York, they should make it easier to travel around cities, or from onesatellitetown to another. The transition from asterisks to spiderwebs will be difficult. Everyb
11、ody frommotoriststotransportunions willcomplain. But at least a couple of things have become easier. Because so many people have learned to work from home, engineers should not fear to work on roads orrailwaysbetween Monday and Friday, rather thandisturbinga string of weekends. And anytransportunion
12、 that threatens to strike is welcome to try. The days when unions couldparalyse(使瘫痪)cities by shutting down publictransportare over. Along with much else.【课标词汇精讲】1. turn up出现，到来，露面Richard had turned up on Christmas Eve with Tony.理查德和托尼在圣诞夜一道露面了。Half the guests failed to turn up.有一半的客人没到。2. work有效；成功
13、The cream works immediately to relieve sore skin.这种乳霜可以立即缓解皮肤疼痛。My plan worked, and I got them to agree. 我的计划奏效了,我让他们同意了。3. swap交换，交易We swapped addresses with the people we met on holiday.我们与度假时认识的人交换了地址。We spent the evening in the pub, swapping (= telling each other) stories/jokes.我们整个晚上都泡在酒吧，轮流讲故事
14、笑话。4. private 私人的，私有的；独用的All bedrooms have private facilities.所有卧室都有独用卫生设备。I caught him looking through my private papers.我撞见他在翻阅我的私人文件。5. simply仅仅；只不过Some students lose marks simply because they dont read the question properly.有些学生丢分只是因为没有看清楚题目。Its not simply a question of money.这不仅仅是钱的问题。6. likely
15、很可能的Do remind me because Im likely to forget.一定要提醒我，因为我可能会忘记。Its quite likely that well be in Spain this time next year.明年的这个时候我们很可能会在西班牙。7. decline变小，减少；下降; 减弱The birth rate continued to decline.出生率继续下降。Her health began to decline.她的健康状况开始恶化。8. collapse 使倒塌；使塌陷The chair collapsed under her weight.椅
16、子承受不了她的重量散架了。He thought his whole world had collapsed when his wife died.妻子去世后他觉得自己的整个世界都坍塌了。9. infection感染；传染Bandage the wound to reduce the risk of infection.包扎伤口以减少感染的危险。Ear infections are common in pre-school children.耳部感染在学前儿童中很常见。10.fundamental 基础的；基本的We need to make fundamental changes to the
17、 way in which we treat our environment.我们需要从根本上改变对待环境的态度。Its one of the fundamental differences between men and women.这是男女之间的基本差别之一。11.match配合，相配；使协调Do you think these two colours match?你认为这两种颜色相配吗？Does this shirt match these trousers?这件衬衫和这条裤子相配吗？12. conventional传统的，习惯的He is conventional in his app
18、roach to life.他的生活态度是守旧的。It is simpler and quicker to use than conventional methods.这比通常的做法更简单、更快捷。13. pointless无意义的；无用的Its pointless to plan too far ahead.太早作计划是没用的。It s pointless arguing with him.和他争辩是白费口舌。14. rooted起源于的;根源于的;由产生的The conflict in the area was rooted in history and religion. 这个地区冲突的
19、根源在于历史和宗教。This feeling of rejection is often deeply rooted in childhood.这种被人排斥的感觉往往深深根源于童年。15.squeeze用力挤压，挤；紧握He squeezed with all his strength.他用尽全力挤压。As she waited to go into the exam, he squeezed her hand and wished her good luck.在她等待应考时，他捏了捏她的手，祝她好运。16.innovation革新，创新We need to encourage innovat
20、ion in industry.我们需要鼓励工业创新。Many people feel bewildered by the speed of technological innovation .很多人对技术革新的速度感到不知所措。17. existing 现有的；现行的；目前的New laws will soon replace existing legislation. 新法律即将取代现行法规。The existing system needs to be changed. 现行的制度需要改变。18. convenience方便，便利；合宜；近便I like the convenience
21、of living so near work.我喜欢住在工作地点附近，这样很方便。Please return the completed form at your earliest convenience.请将填好的表格尽快交回。19. integrate使结合；使合并He seems to find it difficult to integrate socially.他似乎觉得很难与别人打成一片。Its very difficult to integrate your self into a society whose culture is so different from your o
22、wn.让自己融入一个文化上完全不同的社会是非常困难的。20. confusion困惑，糊涂，迷茫;混乱；杂乱；She looked about her in confusion.她迷茫地环视四周。There seems to be some confusion over who is actually giving the talk.好像不是很清楚到底是谁在作报告。21. congestion拥塞，阻塞；拥挤，挤满The new bridge should ease congestion in the area.新建大桥应能缓解该地区的交通拥堵。Energy consumption, cong
23、estion and pollution have increased.能源消耗、交通堵塞以及污染状况愈加严重。22. transition过渡，转变，变革；We need to ensure a smooth transition between the old system and the new one. 我们得确保新旧制度间的平稳过渡。This course is useful for students who are in transition from one training programme to another.对转换培训项目的学生来说,这一课程是有帮助的。23. thre
24、aten威胁She forced a scene and Toby threatened to leave.她大闹了一场，托比扬言要离开。Postal workers are threatening a strike if they dont receive a pay increase.邮政工人威胁如果不给他们加薪，他们就要罢工。24. shut down关闭,歇业，停业The computer system will be shut down over the weekend. 计算机系统周末关闭。【课标词汇精练】根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”和“重点短语”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句
25、子补充完整。1 She has a small office which is used for discussions.她有一间小办公室，做密谈之用。2 I dont like my job - I do it for the money.我不喜欢自己的工作我纯粹是为了钱才做的。3 Children who live in the countrys rural areas are very to be poor.住在这个国家农村地区的孩子大多是贫穷的。4 Car sales by a quarter.汽车销量下滑了四分之一。5 All the missing documents had .所
26、有曾丢失的文件都找到了。6 The tablets will start to in a few minutes.几分钟后药片就会开始起作用。7 Ill you my chocolate bar for your peanuts.我拿我的巧克力跟你换花生。8 Thousands of buildings in the earthquake.数以千计的建筑物在地震中倒塌了。9 Shes very in her views. 她的观点很守旧。10 I think it would be to discuss this issue again.我认为再讨论这个问题没有什么用处。11 She thro
27、ugh the crowd and found a seat at the front.她从人群中挤过去，在前面找了个座位。12 We must encourage if the company is to remain competitive.公司要想保持竞争力，就必须鼓励革新。13 Under the conditions many children are going hungry.在目前情况下，会有很多儿童忍饥挨饿。14 Exactly which bacteria cause the is still unknown.到底是什么细菌引起的感染还不清楚。15 The school is
28、 based on the principle that each child should develop its full potential.这所学校的基本原则是充分发挥每个孩子的最大潜力。16 Their actions do not their words.他们言行不一致。17 His problems are deeply in his childhood experiences. 他的问题的祸根在于他童年的经历。 18 The problems of traffic will not disappear in a hurry.交通拥堵问题不会一下子就消失。19 Making th
29、e from youth to adulthood can be very painful.从青少年过渡到成年有时是一个非常痛苦的过程。20 They to kill him unless he did as they asked.他们威胁要杀他，除非他按他们说的去做。21 The goods will be delivered at your .货物随传随到。22 Children are often very good at into a new culture.孩子通常很善于融入新的文化。23 To avoid , the twins never wore the same clothe
30、s.为了避免混淆，这对双胞胎从不穿一样的衣服。Keys:1 She has a small office which is used for private discussions.2 I dont like my job - I simply do it for the money.3 Children who live in the countrys rural areas are very likely to be poor.4 Car sales have declined by a quarter.5 All the missing documents had turned up.6
31、 The tablets will start to work in a few minutes.7 Ill swap you my chocolate bar for your peanuts.8 Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake.9 Shes very conventional in her views. 10 I think it would be pointless to discuss this issue again.11 She squeezed through the crowd and found a sea
32、t at the front.12 We must encourage innovation if the company is to remain competitive.13 Under the existing conditions many children are going hungry.14 Exactly which bacteria cause the infection is still unknown.15 The school is based on the fundamental principle that each child should develop its
33、 full potential.16 Their actions do not match their words.17 His problems are deeply rooted in his childhood experiences. 18 The problems of traffic congestion will not disappear in a hurry.19 Making the transition from youth to adulthood can be very painful.20 They threatened to kill him unless he
34、did as they asked.21 The goods will be delivered at your convenience.22 Children are often very good at integrating into a new culture.23 To avoid confusion, the twins never wore the same clothes.【译文】 在新西兰最大的城市奥克兰，公共交通费用已减半。在伦敦，政客们在公务人员的办公桌上留下了消极反抗的纸条，要求他们复工，并恳求人们回归办公室办公。纽约市长埃里克亚当斯要求银行老板们以身作则，乘坐地铁上班
35、。 然而这一切似乎没有激起什么水花。地铁的繁忙程度仅为新冠疫情前的三分之二。今年4月份，奥克兰公交系统的繁忙程度只有三年前的一半。尽管人们对“汽车末日”甚是担心，但他们也并没有把公共交通工具换成私人交通工具。他们只是外出走动的少了。 尽管公共交通行业可能会进一步复苏，但要恢复到疫情前的模式似乎是不可能的。原因之一是，并非所有形式的出行都减少了。去年夏天，巴黎人的购物之旅比新冠疫情前还要多。在纽约，周日出行比工作日出行还要火爆。真正崩溃的是高峰时段的通勤，尤其是知识经济圈中的高薪员工的通勤。这表明，行为上的变化不是由对疫情感染的恐惧引起的这种恐惧可能会随着时间的推移而减少而是由工作习惯的根本性改
36、变引起的。 发达国家应该接受这一新的现实，并开始着手建设与之相匹配的交通系统。基础设施项目只是在传统的“郊区到市中心路线”上增加运力，现在看来毫无意义，尤其是在大城市。过去，基础设建设往往根植于这样一种观念，即城市出行模式就像一个星号，人们挤在放射状的道路和铁路线上。而现在的出行模式更像一张蜘蛛网。人们选择更稀疏的路线，出行次数更少了，且出行时间通常更短了；他们移动到“蜘蛛网”的一边，进进出出。这就解释了为什么经常用于短途旅行的公共汽车比通勤火车的空车要少得多。 既然人们的出行意愿越来越小，所以就更有理由推出按需公交和“出行即服务”（将公共交通和出租车、租赁自行车等个人交通模式结合在一起）等创
37、新了。这些创新更好地利用了现有的基础设施，与汽车的便利性更为接近。安特卫普、热那亚和赫尔辛基在这一领域处于领先地位。英国城市需要做一些更基本的事情，比如整合公共交通网络。在伦敦以外的其他地方，它们往往有一些公共汽车公司，一些铁路线路，或许还有一个有轨电车系统，都在各司其职。而所有这些带来的结果却是混乱不堪，公众往往也要为此付出更大的代价。各国不应放弃公共交通项目。它们的人口正在增长，它们需要减少拥堵和碳排放。但是，与其沿着伦敦的新伊丽莎白线或纽约东河下耗资巨大的隧道建设更多的半径交通线，让人们轻松往返城市之间，或者为他们从一个卫星城到另一个卫星城旅行提供便利才是明智之举。从星号模式过渡到蜘蛛网
38、模式困难重重。从汽车司机到运输工会，每个人都会有怨言。但至少有些事情变得更容易了。由于很多人已经选择在家办公，工程师们不用担心在周一到周五期间在公路或铁路上工作了，也不用打乱一连串的周末了。任何威胁要罢工的运输工会都可以尝试一下。工会通过关闭公共交通而使城市瘫痪的日子一去不复返了。还有很多其他的交通方式。【背景知识】新冠疫情期间英国骑车和步行人数大增，英国政府认为，这是改变人们出行方式的大好机会，决定斥资20亿英镑增设自行车和步行空间，发放修理自行车代金券，并鼓励医生开出“骑车处方”。新冠疫情已经对人们在城镇的出行方式产生了重大影响。英国公共交通的使用率大幅下降，部分地区已经改变了道路布局，方便人们骑车或走路出行。以英国首都为例，“伦敦街道空间”项目已经加宽了人行道，还设置了临时自行车道。而在新西兰最大的城市奥克兰，有调查发现，疫情发生之后，奥克兰人似乎不再热衷于公共交通了。今年4月份，奥克兰公交系统的繁忙程度只有三年前的一半。尽管人们对“汽车末日”甚是担心，但他们也并没有放弃公共交通工具而选择私人交通工具。他们只是很少外出走动了。就目前而言，政府将不得不出资防止公共交通系统崩溃。但最终还是要找到另一个资金来源来弥补损失的交通费用收入。各国应该停止就交通拥堵收费计划举行公投，并着手制定这些计划。道路收费应该主要用于管理需求和为公共交通筹集资金。
