1、山东省济南莱州市2021届高三英语上学期开学考试试题（含解析）注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，只交答题卡。第一部分 阅读 (共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ABook Your Field Trip to Pacific Science CenterA fi
2、eld trip to Pacific Science Center is a time-honored tradition for students of all ages across Washington State. Our hands-on exhibits shows, and creative programs inspire students curiosity for science in a day of exploration meant to strengthen your curriculum and fuel lifelong enthusiasm for scie
3、nce, math, engineering and technology.Schedule (安排) Your Field TripTo schedule your field trip, complete the registration request form available at the link www.pacificsciencecenter.org/field-tripsl/, or call (206) 443-2925 Monday Friday from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. not less than two weeks ahead of y
4、our visit date. We will contact you within two business days to set up your field trip.New Fall/winter HoursStarting September 3, 2019 PacSci will be closed on Mondays and Tuesdays except for holidays and weeks during Seattle Public School breaks. We will no longer be booking field trips on those da
5、ys, as well.PricingField Trip PackagePrice Per StudentExhibits Only$9Package 1Exhibits plus choice of one experiences$11Package 2Exhibits plus choice of two experiences$13Package 3Exhibits plus choice of three experiences$15One free adult general admission is covered for every 10 paid students. Free
6、 adult admission doesnt include IMAX documentary. These adults will be charged a $4 IMAX documentary admission. Additional adults outside of the ratio (比例) will be charged the student admission rate. Pacific Science Center Memberships cannot be applied to field trips. Payment is due one week before
7、you visit.Available Experiences Planetarium Shows IMAX Documentaries Science on a Sphere Shows Laser Shows1. What can we know about Pacific Science Center?A. It is famous for its typical architecture.B. It offers students chances for free classes.C. Its where students can learn about science.D. It i
8、s only accessible to students in Washington.2. If 2 teachers and 10 students watch exhibits and IMAX Documentaries, how much will they at least pay?A. $118.B. $125.C. $127.D. $134.3. When can we reserve a field trip by phone?A. On weekends.B. Any Monday or Tuesday.C. Two workdays ahead of the visit
9、time.D. At least 14 days before the actual visit.【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了预定到太平洋科学中心实地考察旅行的相关事项。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中Our hands-on exhibits, shows, and creative programs inspire students curiosity for science in a day of exploration meant to strengthen your curriculum and fuel lifelong enthu
10、siasm for science, math, engineering and technology. 我们的手工展览、表演和创意项目激发了学生对科学的好奇心，在这一天的探索意味着加强您的课程和推动对科学、数学、工程和技术的终身热情。可知，学生们可以在太平洋科学中心这里学习科学知识。故选C项。2题详解】细节理解题。根据Pricing中Package 1：Exhibits plus choice of one experiences $11可知，10个学生的费用是11*10=110美元；再根据One free adult general admission is covered for eve
11、ry 10 paid students. Free adult admission doesnt include IMAX documentary. These adults will be charged a $4 IMAX documentary admission. Additional adults outside of the ratio (比例) will be charged the student admission rate. 每10名付费学生可免费获得一次成人普通入场券。免费成人门票不包括IMAX纪录片。这些成年人将收取4美元的IMAX纪录片门票。超出这一比例的成人将按学生
12、入场价格收费。可知，两名教师的费用是4+11=15美元。因此全部价格是125美元。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Schedule (安排) Your Field Trip中or call (206) 443-2925 Monday Friday from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. not less than two weeks ahead of your visit date.请在访问日期前不少于两周，在周一至周五上午8:30至下午4:30，可以打电话(206)443-2925预定您的实地考察。可知，至少在实地考察前2周，也就是至少14天前打电话预定。故选D项。BA
13、n airline passenger ensured a 20-year-old man was reunited with his lost wallet-along with a little extra something to make up for their time apart.Hunter Shamatt first lost his wallet while he was on a Frontier Airlines flight from Omaha to attend his sisters wedding in Las Vegas earlier this month
14、. On realizing his wallet was lost, he contacted the airline to see if anyone had turned it inbut to no avail. Since the wallet contained his ID, a signed paycheck, his debit card and $60 in cash, he “feared the worst”.Shortly after the flight, however, Hunter was shocked to receive a package in the
15、 mail from an unknown sender. Inside was his wallet-along with an additional $40 in cash.“Found this on a Frontier flight from Omaha to Denver-row 12, seat F stuck between the seat and wall,” read a letter in the package. “Thought you might want it hack. All the best. PS: I rounded your cash up to a
16、n even $100 so you could celebrate getting your wallet hack. Have fun!”Hunters mother, Jeannie, posted a photo of the letter to social media in hopes that they would be able to track down the sender and thank them for their kindness. All they had to go on was that the letter was sent from Applied Un
17、derwriters in Omaha and the senders initials were signed: T.B.The Good Man was later identified as Todd Brown, a father-of-five who was delighted at the chance to have a little fun with helping out a hard-working stranger. Brown says that he often tries to do good deeds without any recognition, thus
18、 why he didnt sign his full name on the letter, but Jeannie later insisted on praising the Nebraska native on social media.“I try to teach my children to do the right things in life, help people when you can despite the outcome,” she wrote on Facebook. “This story is more about restoring faith in pe
19、ople than anything”.4. What does the underlined word to no avail in paragraph 2 mean?A. Under discussion.B. In vain.C. Beyond belief.D. At a loss.5. Why did Jeannie upload a picture of the letter to social media?A. To throw light on the truth.B. To draw attention to Hunters lost wallet.C. To find ou
20、t the sender to express gratefulness.D. To sing high praise for the senders generosity.6. Which of the following best describes Brown?A. Innocent.B. Warm-hearted.C. Romantic.D. Easy-going.7. Whats the best title for the text?A. Hunter Shamatt-a Lucky ManB. Young Passenger Reunites with SisterC. Help
21、ing Needy People Is a Great VirtueD. Stranger Returns Lost Wallet with More Cash Inside【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了Hunter在一次乘坐飞机时，丢失了自己的钱包，联系航空公司也没有找到，后来却收到了一个未知寄件人的包裹，里面有Hunter的钱包，还有另外的40美元现金。他的母亲在社交媒体上发布了包裹的信息，希望找到这个好心人，最后找到了热心的寄件人Todd Brown。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段Shortly after the flight,
22、 however, Hunter was shocked to receive a package in the mail from an unknown sender. Inside was his wallet-along with an additional $40 in cash.可知然而，在这次飞行后不久，Hunter震惊地收到了一个来自未知寄件人的包裹。里面是他的钱包，还有另外的40美元现金。由此可知，当Hunter意识到自己的钱包丢失时，他联系了航空公司，看是否有人归还了钱包，结果是徒劳的，钱包没有找到，是不久之后有人寄给了他钱包的。即，划线短语意思为“徒劳地”。A. Under
23、 discussion. 正在讨论中；B. In vain.徒劳，无效；C. Beyond belief.难以置信；D. At a loss.茫然。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中Hunters mother, Jeannie, posted a photo of the letter to social media in hopes that they would be able to track down the sender and thank them for their kindness.可知Hunter的母亲Jeannie在社交媒体上发布了这封信的照片，希望他们能找到寄
24、件人，并感谢他们的好意。由此可知，Jeannie要把这封信的照片上传到社交媒体上，是为了找出寄件人，并表达感激。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Brown says that he often tries to do good deeds without any recognition, thus why he didnt sign his full name on the letter, but Jeannie later insisted on praising the Nebraska native on social media.可知Brown说，他经常试图做一些没有得
25、到任何认可的好事，因此他没有在信上签下自己的全名，但Jeannie后来坚持在社交媒体上称赞这位内布拉斯加人。由此可推知，Brown是个热心的人。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段An airline passenger ensured a 20-year-old man was reunited with his lost wallet-along with a little extra something to make up for their time apart.可知一名航空乘客帮助一名20岁的男子找回了丢失的钱包，还捎带了一些额外的东西来弥补他们分开的时间。结合文章主要讲叙了
26、Hunter在一次乘坐飞机时，丢失了自己的钱包，联系航空公司也没有找到，后来却收到了一个未知寄件人的包裹，里面有Hunter的钱包，还有另外的40美元现金。他的母亲在社交媒体上发布了包裹的信息，希望找到这个好心人，最后找到了热心的寄件人Todd Brown。由此可知，D选项“陌生人归还丢失的钱包，里面有更多的现金”最符合文章标题。故选D。CBees are essential for the pollination of flowers, fruits and vegetables. Sadly, over the past 15 years, the global population of
27、 the hardworking insects has been dropping worldwide at alarming rates due to loss of food and habitat. Now, Dutch cities are coming up with creative ideas to help stem the population decrease of these all-important insects.In Amsterdam, bees can live for free in specially built “hotels” tall wooden
28、 structures across the city. While they may not look like much to the untrained eye, they provide perfect homes for members of the over 200 known species of solitary bees. As the name indicates, the insects spend their lives alone. The smart insects nest inside holes like the ones provided by the in
29、sect hotels, marking their occupancy by covering the entrance with a mud “door”. Though unable to produce honey, solitary bees are excellent pollinators and perform an essential role in many ecosystems.Additionally, city officials are also educating people on the use of harmful chemicals and are pro
30、viding prize money to encourage developers to build green roofs and populate them with local plants. In 2015, they set a goal to change some plants in public green spaces to native plants. Geert, one of eight ecologists working for the city, says, “Our idea is when we design a park, we use native sp
31、ecies but also the species that give a lot of flowering and fruit for bees.” Many people, with help from the government, are replacing the sidewalks outside their homes with small gardens featuring flowers.In Utrecht, bus stop roofs are gradually being turned into beautiful, living gardens designed
32、to attract varieties of bee species. The green roofs, which naturally collect both rainwater and dust, are also beneficial for the environment.These cities collective efforts seem to be working. A recent study found that the variety of bee species there has increased by an astonishing 45 percent sin
33、ce 2000.8. What does the underlined word “stem” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Review .B. Stop.C. Monitor.D. Improve.9. Whats special about the bees in Amsterdam?A. Theyre not social insects.B. They make high-quality honey.C. They like to nest together in woods.D. Theyre scared of other species of
34、bees.10. What are bus stop green roofs mainly meant to do?A. Collect rainwater for future use.B. Plant flowers for enjoyment.C. Draw bees to them.D. Clear dust away.11. Whats the text mainly about?A. Protecting the environment.B. Importance of bees in ecosystems.C. Design ideas of insect hotels and
35、bee stops.D. Dutch cities attempts to restore bee population.【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述近年来蜜蜂数量正在以惊人的速度下降。现在荷兰的一些城市采取了多种措施努力增加蜜蜂的数量，并取得了可喜的成果。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“the global population of the hardworking insects has been dropping worldwide at alarming rates due to loss of food and habit
36、at. ”由于食物和栖息地的丧失，全球勤劳昆虫的数量以惊人的速度下降可知，荷兰的城市要做的是帮助阻止这些非常重要的昆虫的数量减少。故此处“stem”意为“阻止”。故选B项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“As the name indicates, the insects spend their lives alone.”顾名思义，昆虫独自生活。由此判断出，阿姆斯特丹的蜜蜂不是群居昆虫。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“In Utrecht, bus stop roofs are gradually being turned into beautiful, living ga
37、rdens designed to attract varieties of bee species.”在Utrecht，公共汽车站的屋顶正逐渐变成美丽的、有活力的花园，旨在吸引各种蜜蜂。由此判断出，公交车站绿化屋顶的主要目的是把蜜蜂吸引过来。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now, Dutch cities are coming up with creative ideas to help stem the population decrease of these all-important insects.”现在，荷兰的城市正在想一些有创意的想法来帮助阻止这些非常重要的昆虫
38、的数量减少；和最后一段“These cities collective efforts seem to be working.”这些城市的集体努力似乎奏效了可知，文章主要讲荷兰城市试图恢复蜜蜂数量。故选D项。DOver the last 25 years, psychologists have found that personalities center on five basic traits(特性) the Big Five: agreeableness, conscientiousness (责任心), neuroticism, extroversion and openness. C
39、ontrary to common belief, people just arent organized into certain personality types. Every trait is a continuous dimension and everyone can be described as having varying levels of each trait. A new research has also found animals from ants to apes all have the Big Five and that the universality of
40、 personality points to an evolutionary (进化) origin.Animals and humans have common problems of survival, which are spelled out beautifully in the Big Five, and thats why theres so much continuity in human personality and animal personality. For example, conscientiousness involves behaviors like plann
41、ing and consideration, which are important among animals for taking care of their young, selecting mates and living in groups. Being neat and orderly aspects of conscientiousness-also has evolutionary superiority. Bees that like to keep clean and remove more dead group members reduce risk of disease
42、, gain more weight and reproduce more Spiders that make tidy webs catch more insects. Birds that build neater and solider nests attract more mates.These behaviors may seem primitive, but theyre nevertheless indications of personality. Personality is the expression of all of the behaviors that humans
43、 and animals exhibit that allow them to function adaptively in the world.Evolution can also explain why personalities vary so much. Depending on the situation, each of the Big Five can be advantageous. For example, agreeableness is great for relationships. But if a lion were charging at you, youd be
44、 better off with a less agreeable and more aggressive personality. Because the world is so unpredictable, every aspect of each personality trait could be useful at different times, so instead of evolving a single type of personality thats best for every situation, were left with a wide variety.12. W
45、hat do people generally think about personality types?A. Different personality types have respective strengths.B. Everyone falls into a particular personality type.C. People with common personality types gather,D. Everyone has mixed personality types.13. Whats the purpose of mentioning some animals
46、in Paragraph 2?A. To illustrate the advantages of being conscientious.B. To analyze survival chances of cooperative animals.C. To explain why they are tidy and orderly.D. To throw new light on their behavior.14. Why do we display a certain personality in a specific situation?A. To be free of trouble
47、.B. To be adaptive to circumstances.C. To compete for equal rights.D. To gain advantages over others.15. What does the text mainly focus on?A. Personality and behavior.B. Categories of Big Five.C. Contradictory facts on personality.D. Diversity and variability of personality.【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15
48、. D【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。在过去的25年里，心理学家发现，人格主要集中在五种基本特征上大五类人格：宜人性、尽责性、神经质、外向性和开放性。研究还发现，从蚂蚁到猿类，所有动物都有大五人格，这种个性的普遍性指向了一个进化起源。每种人格特征的每个方面都可能在不同的时间有用，所以我们没有进化出一种适合每种情况的单一人格类型，而是留下了多种多样的个性。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Contrary to common belief, people just arent organized into certain personality types. (与普遍的看法相反，人们并不是按
49、照特定的性格类型组织起来的)可推知，人们通常认为每个人都属于某种特定的性格类型。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的Animals and humans have common problems of survival, which are spelled out beautifully in the Big Five, and thats why theres so much continuity in human personality and animal personality. (动物和人类都有共同的生存问题，这在大五类人格中被完美地阐述了出来，这就是为什么人类和动物的人
50、格具有如此多的连续性)及随后提到了一些动物的例子可推知，在第二段中提到一些动物的目的是为了对它们的行为进行新的解释。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Depending on the situation, each of the Big Five can be advantageous. For example, agreeableness is great for relationships. But if a lion were charging at you, youd be better off with a less agreeable and more aggres
51、sive personality. (视情况而定，大五类人格中的每一个都可能是有利的。例如，宜人性对人际关系很重要。但如果狮子向你冲来，你最好选择一个不那么随和、更具攻击性的个性)可推知，我们表现出特定的个性是为了适应特定的环境。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Over the last 25 years, psychologists have found that personalities center on five basic traits(特性) the Big Five: agreeableness, conscientiousness (责任心), neuroti
52、cism, extroversion and openness.(在过去的25年里，心理学家发现，人格主要集中在五种基本特征上大五类人格：宜人性、尽责性、神经质、外向性和开放性)及最后一段中的Because the world is so unpredictable, every aspect of each personality trait could be useful at different times, so instead of evolving a single type of personality thats best for every situation, were l
53、eft with a wide variety. (因为世界是如此不可预测，每种人格特征的每个方面都可能在不同的时间有用，所以我们没有进化出一种适合每种情况的单一人格类型，而是留下了多种多样的个性)可知，文章主要论述了人格的多样性和可变性。故选D。【点睛】在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。如第1小题，What do people generally think about personality types?要求判断出人们通常怎么看待性格类型。根据第一段中的Contrary to common belief, people just ar
54、ent organized into certain personality types. (与普遍的看法相反，人们并不是按照特定的性格类型组织起来的)可推知，人们通常认为每个人都属于某种特定的性格类型。故选B第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Culture shock is the emotional and mental reaction to being in a completely new cultural environment. _16_ it generally consists of
55、several stages of feelings.The “honeymoon stage” is usually, the first stage that people go through when surrounded by different cultural values and lifestyles. During this stage, people have positive images of their new cultural surroundings. They tend to view these in an idealistic way and ignore
56、problems. _17_ This stage is usually quite short and quickly replaced by the second stage called “the frustration stage”.During the “frustration stage”, newcomers begin to act negatively. _18_ Visitors tend to exaggerate (夸大) problems in the new culture. They may feel isolated (孤立) during this stage
57、. Depending on ones situation, this stage can last days, months, or even years.With the frustration stage ending, the adjustment stage begins. This marks the time when newcomers try their best to accept the differences of the new culture and the challenges of everyday life._19_ Some newcomers enter
58、the “mastery stage” and are completely accustomed to the values and beliefs of the new culture. They are able to handle the new culture like a native while keeping some of their own original cultural values. Some choose the “rejection stage” and decide against fitting in with the new culture. _20_ _
59、 Other newcomers completely adopt the identity of the new culture and give up the values and beliefs of their home culture.A. Meeting new people is seen as fascinating.B. The new cultural surroundings are no longer novel.C. They regain their sense of balance and become confident.D. This process open
60、s the door to three possible outcomes.E. For many people this is often a very difficult experience.F. A person experiencing culture shock may display many symptoms.G. They usually permanently withdraw from the culture through isolation or returning home.【答案】16. E 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. G【解析】【16题详解】本文
61、开篇提到了“文化休克”这一现象。E选项For many people this is often a very difficult experience.“对于很多人来说这是一个很困难的经历”，切题。句中this代指Culture shock。故E选项正确。【17题详解】本段主要是关于“文化休克”中的蜜月期。在这个阶段人们对于周围的新事物反应会很积极，肯定。故A项Meeting new people is seen as fascinating.“遇见新的面孔是令人着迷的。”切题。【18题详解】文章第三段主要是关于“文化休克”中的“挫折期”。在这一阶段，新人们会变的消极。B选项The new
62、cultural surroundings are no longer novel.“新的文化环境不再新颖”切题。【19题详解】本段主要是关于“文化休克”中的“精通阶段”。后句Some newcomers enter the “mastery stage” and are completely accustomed to the values and beliefs of the new culture.提到新来者会完全习惯于新文化的价值观和信念。故C选项They regain their sense of balance and become confident.“他们会重获平衡并建立自信”
63、切题。【20题详解】前句Some choose the “rejection stage” and decide against fitting in with the new culture.提到有些人选择“排斥期”，在这个阶段他们会反对融入新的文化。故G选项They usually permanently withdraw from the culture through isolation or returning home.“他们会永远通过自我孤立和返回原籍来逃避新的文化”切题。第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分25分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后
64、各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。13-year-old Madison was studying at home when her mother burst in. She said a boy had fallen into a septic tank (化粪池) and made an urgent _21_ for Madisons help.They ran to a neighbors yard, where the anxious adults surrounded the septic tank opening _22_ wider than a
65、 basketball. The boy, aged only 2, had slipped in and was drowning.Madison quickly _23_ the situation. She was the only one who could _24_ through the small opening. Without hesitation, she got close to the opening and said, “_25_ me in.”Some people held her waist and _26_. She wiggled (扭动) arms and
66、 shoulders until she_27_ the opening. Inside, the tank was dark and the air smelly. When she stuck her arms into the dirty water, she jammed her left wrist against a hidden stick, _28_ it severely._29_ tend to her injury, Madison scanned the surface of the dirty water, hoping to feel the underwater
67、boy. Suddenly she saw his little toes stick out. When spotting the vague _30_ of his foot again, Madison shot out her _31_ hand, grasped the foot tightly and shouted, “Pull me up!”As they nearly reached the surface, the boys other foot got stuck. She wiggled his foot until it was _32_. Eventually th
68、ey were lifted out._33_, the kid wasnt out of trouble. Having suffered from lack of _34_ that long, he wasnt breathing. He was then given hard hits on the back until he coughed up water. At the sight of this, Madison sighed with relief.Madison received months of treatment for her wrist, which made h
69、er _35_ actions more impressive.21. A. appointmentB. attemptC. choiceD. request22. A. partlyB. previouslyC. slightlyD. dramatically23. A. tackledB. examinedC. disturbedD. lost24. A. lookB. jumpC. fillD. fit25. A. ThrowB. LowerC. ForceD. Push26. A. legsB. armsC. headD. hands27. A. adjusted toB. got t
70、hroughC. tore downD. held on to28. A. touchingB. trappingC. injuringD. striking29. A. In an effort toB. Rather thanC. Likely toD. Ready to30. A. skinB. gestureC. pictureD. outline31. A. leftB. singleC. goodD. clumsy32. A. frozenB. freeC. flexibleD. bare33. A. HoweverB. InsteadC. ThereforeD. Personal
71、ly34. A. protectionB. oxygenC. gravityD. energy35. A. unselfishB. thoughtlessC. unconsciousD. random【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了女孩麦迪逊不顾自身安危，英勇进入化粪池营救小男孩的感人事迹。21题详解】考查名词词词义辨析。句意：她说一个男孩掉进了化粪池，并紧急请求麦迪逊的帮助。A. appointment 预
72、约；B. attempt 尝试；C. choice 选择；D. request请求。根据“She said a boy had fallen into a septic tank”可知，麦迪逊的母亲说一个小男孩掉进化粪池，因此，她来请求（request）麦迪逊帮忙。make an urgent request for help向某人紧急求助。故选D项。【22题详解】考查副词词词义辨析。句意：他们跑到邻居家的院子里，焦急的成年人围着比篮球稍宽的一点的化粪池开口处。A. partly 部分地；B. previously 之前地；C. slightly稍稍地；D. dramatically 显著地。
73、根据“The boy, aged only 2, had slipped in and was drowning.”可知，掉进化粪池的男孩才2岁，可推知，化粪池的开口不大，比篮球直径稍稍（slightly）宽一点。故选C项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：麦迪逊很快检查了情况。A. tackled解决；B. examined 检查；C. disturbed干扰；D. lost 失去。根据“She was the only one who could _4_ through the small opening.”可知，麦迪逊检查了（examined）周围都是成年人以及化粪池洞口的这几个情况
74、，只有他身体比较小，能够穿进洞口。故选B项。【24题详解】考查动词词词义辨析。句意：她是唯一一个能穿过这个小洞的人。A. look 看；B. jump 跳；C. fill 填；D. fit适合，容纳。根据上文“where the anxious adults surrounded the septic tank opening _2_ wider than a basketball.”可知，当麦迪逊到达的时候，围在化粪池洞口的都是成年人，只有她是孩子，能够适合（fit）穿过那个洞口。故选D项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她毫不犹豫地走近洞口说：“你们使我下降一点。”A. Throw
75、把；B. Lower使下降；C. Force 力；D. Push 推。根据下文“Some people held her waist and _6_.”可知，麦迪逊要求别人帮忙把她下降（Lower）到化粪池，她想下去营救男孩。故选B项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人抱着她的腰和腿。A. legs 腿；B. arms 胳膊；C. head 头；D. hands 手。 根据下文“She wiggled arms and shoulders until she_7_ the opening.”可知，她扭动她的胳膊和肩膀指导穿过洞口，可推知，她的腰和腿（legs）被别人抱住了。故选A项。【
76、27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她扭动着胳膊和肩膀，直到她穿过洞口。A. adjusted to 适应；B. got through穿过；C. tore down 拆除；D. held on to坚持。根据上一段“She was the only one who could _4_ through the small opening.”可知，只有她能够穿过洞口，因此，该句指她穿过（got through）洞口。故选B项。【28题详解】考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：当她把胳膊伸进脏水里时，左手手腕卡在一根隐藏的棍子上，手腕受伤很严重。A. touching 触摸；B. trapping 捕获；C
77、. injuring 弄伤；D. striking 引人注目。根据“_9_ tend to her injury”可知，隐藏的棍子（a hidden stick）把她的手腕弄伤(injuring)，她顾不上自己的伤势。故选C项。【29题详解】考查短语辨析。句意：麦迪逊没有顾她的伤，而是扫描了污水的表面，希望能感觉到水下男孩。A. In an effort to 为了；B. Rather than 而不是；C. Likely to 可能；D. Ready to 准备。根据“Madison scanned the surface of the dirty water, hoping to feel
78、 the underwater boy.”可知，麦迪逊首先顾及到的是小男孩的生命安危，而不是（Rather than）自己的伤势。故选B项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当麦迪逊再次看到他的脚的模糊的轮廓时，她伸出那只好手，紧紧地抓住他的脚，喊道：“把我拉上来！”A. skin 皮肤；B. gesture 手势；C. picture 图片；D. outline 轮廓。根据“Madison scanned the surface of the dirty water, hoping to feel the underwater boy.”可知，男孩已经沉到脏水里，麦迪逊只能靠着自己的感觉
79、去搜寻男孩，因此，该句指的是小男孩的脚在污水表面的轮廓（outline）。故选D项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当麦迪逊再次看到他的脚模糊的轮廓时，她伸出那只好手，紧紧地抓住他的脚，喊道：“把我拉上来！”A. left 左得知；B. single 单的；C. good 好的；D. clumsy 笨拙的。根据第四段中“When she stuck her arms into the dirty water, she jammed her left wrist against a hidden stick”可知，麦迪逊的一个手腕严重受伤了，因此，她用好的（good）那只手去抓住男孩。故
80、选C项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她扭动着他的脚直到它自由了。A. frozen 冷冻；B. free 自由的，摆脱的；C. flexible 灵活的；D. bare 裸的。根据“As they nearly reached the surface, the boys other foot got stuck.”可知，小男孩快被救出来的时候，他的另一只脚被卡住了，因此麦迪逊努力帮助男孩把他的脚摆脱出来。“摆脱出来”即是“自由的（free）”。故选B项。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，孩子并没有脱离危险。A. However然而；B. Instead 相反地；C. Th
81、erefore 因此；D. Personally个人地。根据“the kid wasnt out of trouble.”可知，虽然男孩被救上来了，然而并没有脱离危险。句意与上文发生了转折，结合该空前的逗号，应该填副词However，表示转折关系。故选A项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于缺氧太久，他已经没有呼吸了。A. protection 保护；B. oxygen 氧气；C. gravity 重力；D. energy 能源。根据“Madison scanned the surface of the dirty water, hoping to feel the underwate
82、r boy.”可知，小男孩当时已经沉到污水中，麦迪逊需要靠知觉去感受男孩的位置。因此，被救上来时，已经缺氧（oxygen）。故选B项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：麦迪逊的手腕接受了数月的治疗，这使她无私的行为更加令人印象深刻。A. unselfish 无私的；B. thoughtless 粗心的；C. unconscious 无意识的；D. random 随机的。通读全文可知，此句指麦迪逊奋不顾身营救男孩的行为是无私的（unselfish）。故选A项。第二节 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Most of us
83、 might only begin to think about dinner in the afternoon. But Jelena begins to think about her big meal early each morning.After morning tea, Jelena and her husband Milan begin their plans for a _36_ (taste) Serbian dish. The cooking method they use _37_ (probable) comes from Jelenas mother or grand
84、mother. Each recipe uses local foods _38_ (find) in Serbian markets.Milan goes to the market to get the food they need and the 69-year-old Jelena makes plans for _39_ she will explain the cooking process to her 150,000 followers at the fixed time on YouTube. Once she is ready, Jelena films her cooki
85、ng show from a small kitchen table. Online, Jelena is known _40_ “Granny Jela” on her popular YouTube channel “Grannys Kitchen”.Jelena has years of experience of cooking at home. Ten years ago, she started an online forum, _41_ she shared recipes and cooking _42_ (tip) for meat, soup, bread, sweet t
86、reats and more. Her number of followers grew as time _43_ (go) by. Then she decided to start a blog and began making videos with her mobile phone. Today, her videos on YouTube have over 50 million views.“Grannys Kitchen” _44_ (name) one of the Top 50 YouTube channels in Serbia in 2018. Granny Jela j
87、ust made it with continued efforts.So all we need is love, the will and desire to do something. Anything can be done only if we really want to do it and devote _45_ (we) to it.【答案】36. tasty 37. probably 38. found 39. how 40. as 41. where 42. tips 43. went 44. was named 45. ourselves【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲
88、述了Jelena成功将她的厨艺做到网上广为流行，成为2018年塞尔维亚 YouTube（视频网站） 前50名频道之一。【36题详解】考查形容词功用。句意：早茶过后，Jelena和她的丈夫 Milan开始了他们美味的塞尔维亚菜肴的计划。taste“品尝；味道”为动词或名词，用来修饰名词时，需要用形容词。tasty“美味的”为形容词，句中修饰名词Serbian dish，作定语。故填tasty。【37题详解】考查副词。句意：他们使用烹饪方法可能来自于Jelena的母亲或祖母。副词在句中修饰动词、形容词或整句等，分析句子可知，句子主语为The cooking method they use，谓语为c
89、omes，副词probably在主语和谓语之间做状语，修饰谓语动词。故填probably。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词过去分词。句意： 每种食谱都使用在塞尔维亚市场找到的当地食物。分析句子可知，空格处应为非谓语动词作定语。过去分词作定语和所修饰的内容有被动和完成的关系。find“发现；找到”为动词，和做修饰的foods（食物）之间为被动关系，需要用过去分词，find过去分词为found。故填found。【39题详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：Milan去市场购买他们需要的食物，69岁的Jelena计划如何在 YouTube 上的固定时间向她的15万粉丝解释烹饪。分析句子可知，空格应该是引导宾语
90、从句的连接词，根据句意，从句中缺少方式状语，故需要用连接副词how来引导，how意为“如何；怎样”。故填how。【40题详解】考查介词搭配。句意：在网上，Jelena 在她流行的 YouTube 频道“奶奶的厨房”中以“Granny Jela”而出名。as“作为”为介词，be known as意为“作为而出名”,为固定搭配，它的后面可以跟表示某种职业或某物的名词。故填as。【41题详解】考查非限制性定语从句关系副词。句意：十年前，她创建了一个在线论坛，在那里她分享了肉、汤、面包、甜点等等的食谱和烹饪技巧。分析句子可知，此句为含有非限制性定语从句的复合句，先行词为an online forum，
91、关系副词where引导定语从句，作地点状语，意为“在那里”。故填where。【42题详解】考查名词复数。句意：同6题。tip“建议；窍门”为可数名词，句中所指为复数概念。cooking tips和recipes并列作shared的宾语，故填tips。【43题详解】考查时态。句意：随着时间的推移，她的追随者的数量也在增加。分析句子可知，句中as为连词，意为“随着”，后接从句，从句中需要谓语动词，根据上下文，可知句子是一般过去时，go的过去式为went。故填went。【44题详解】考查被动语态。句意：“奶奶的厨房”在2018年被评为塞尔维亚 YouTube 前50名频道之一。分析句子可知，句子主语
92、为“Grannys Kitchen”，空格处为谓语动词，name“命名；提名；选中”为动词，和主语之间是被动关系，谓语需要用被动语态，其结构为be+动词过去分词，故填was named。【45题详解】考查反身代词。句意：只有当我们真正想要去做并且全身心投入的时候，任何事情都可以完成。当动作的承受者为主语自身时，承受者（宾语）要用反身代词devote oneself to“献身于”为动词固定短语。故填ourselves。【点睛】语法学习要以句子为单位，在句子篇章中去掌握熟练。平时多记忆一些典型例句，通过典型例句，道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。通过本篇语法填空，我们学到了Each recipe
93、 uses local foods found in Serbian markets.（过去分词作定语）Ten years ago, she started an online forum, where she shared recipes and cooking tips for meat, soup, bread, sweet treats and more.（非限制性定语从句）等等。第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节:应用文写作(满分10分)46. 假定你是李华，想邀请外教David一起参观中国春联（couplet）作品展。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1. 展览的时间、地点；2.
94、 展览作品来源；3. 春联简介。注意:1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】Dear David,Im writing to invite you to the Chinese couplet exhibition to be held in the City Museum from December 20 to 30.The exhibition is a collection of award-winning couplet works from the City Couplet Competition. Couplets, a Chinese folk art
95、 with a long history, express good wishes and are perfect combinations of Chinese literature and calligraphy. Knowing youre crazy about Chinese culture, I think its an opportunity for you to truly appreciate it. Decide on a date and let me know.Looking forward to your reply.Best wishes.Yours,Li Hua【
96、解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，邀请外教David一起参观中国春联作品展。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。写作思路： 1. 说明主体情况，要参观中国春联作品展。 2. 展览情况 1）时间（time） 2）地点（place） 3）作品来源（the source of the works） 3. 春联简介。第二步: 重点词组和句式the Chinese couplet exhibition; in the City Museum; from D
97、ecember 20 to 30; a collection of award-winning couplet works; a Chinese folk art with a long history; Chinese culture; decide on a date; looking forward to your reply第三步：连词成句1. Im writing to invite you to the Chinese couplet exhibition. 2. It will be held in the City Museum from December 20 to 30.3
98、. The exhibition is a collection of award winning couplet works from the City Couplet Competition4. Couplets, a Chinese folk art with a long history, express good wishes. 5They are perfect combinations of Chinese literature and calligraphy.6. I think its an opportunity for you to truly appreciate it
99、.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词与文章纽带） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second And then, Finally, In the end, At last 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not onlybut (also), including, 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Some
100、,while others,as for, sothat 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡。运用一些衔接词语，即文章纽带，连句成文。如果没必要运用这类衔接过渡词语，心中也要有文章纽带贯穿的行文逻辑。第五步：润色修改最后，书写一定要规范清晰【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较为高级语言，如：词组a collection of award-winning couplet works; a Chinese f
101、olk art with a long history; Chinese culture; decide on a date等；句子Knowing youre crazy about Chinese culture, I think its an opportunity for you to truly appreciate it.运用了非谓语动词作状语。全文中没有中式英语的句式，也没有滥用一些作文套句，英语运用能力较高。文章思路清晰、简明扼要、层次分明。第二节:读后续写(满分25分)47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。The bell rang, announ
102、cing the end of the vivid art class Karson loved most. He was delighted that he had created a very satisfying work. So he walked to the back of the classroom to put his work away carefully. There, lying on the carpet in front of the classroom bookcase, was a golden ticket! Karson picked it up. His h
103、eart beat faster when he saw that the name line was blank. He couldnt believe his luck!The boys and girls in Karsons class could earn golden tickets by doing well in their study or by being extra helpful or kind. Once a week their teacher drew a ticket out of a box on her desk and let the winner cho
104、ose a prize.Today was the golden ticket drawing, and here was another ticket, just for him! Karson looked around. No one else was near the ticket. All his classmates were at their desks, laughing and talking with each other. Miss Evans was engaged in grading the papers collected earlier in the morni
105、ng.Karson decided to write his name on the blank line. Then he could put it into the prize box with the six tickets hed already earned. With so many chances, one of his tickets would most probably be picked! Then he could choose the pink toy pig for his sisters birthday, just like he had been hoping
106、.He smiled and reached for the pencil in his pocket. Suddenly his fingers stopped. There was a strange feeling in his chest, and it wasnt his heartbeat. Its finders keepers, right? He wondered. He looked out of the window and tried to figure it out. On the one hand, he did find the ticket, but he ha
107、dnt earned it. Somebody must have lost it. But on the other hand, he did need this extra ticket for his great plan!注意:1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3. 续写部分分为两段，每段开头语己为你写好:4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1:Karson stared at the blank name line for a moment._Paragraph 2:“Karson, Id lik
108、e you to have another ticket!” Miss Evans said._【答案】Karson stared at the blank name line for a moment. He knew his plan wouldnt be so great if he won with a ticket that didnt belong to him. So he walked up to his teacher. “Miss Evans, I happened to find this ticket on the floor near the bookcase. I
109、think the one who lost it will look for it. And these are mine,” he said, dropping his six tickets into the box. When he turned around to leave, the teacher stopped him.“Karson, Id like you to have another ticket!” Miss Evans said. Karson was amazed and wondered why. Miss Evans smiled and signed to
110、the class to quiet down, “Karson handed in the golden ticket he had just found. I think he is honest and deserves another one!” The class burst into loud applause. Karson happily went back to his seat, eagerly expecting the ticket drawing. He still wanted his name to be picked, but he would feel OK
111、even if it wasnt. After all, making the right choice did make him feel great!【解析】【分析】这是一篇读后续写。【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，讲述了卡尔森班上可以通过学习成绩好、乐于助人或待人友善而获得金牌。他们的老师每周从桌子上的一个盒子里抽出一张票，让获胜者选择奖品。而卡尔森无意中捡到了一张奖券，卡尔森决定把他的名字写在空白处。然后他就可以把它和他已经挣来的六张彩票一起放进奖品箱了。他微笑着伸手去拿口袋里的铅笔，但是却犹豫了。 续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：卡尔森盯着空白的姓名行看了一会儿。所以后文应该是讲述卡尔
112、森犹豫再三还是决定将奖券交还给老师的事情。第二段开头是：“卡尔森，我想再给你一张票!”埃文斯小姐说。本段应该写老师因为卡尔森的诚实而决定将这张奖券给卡尔森的故事。续写时要求使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语增加了写作难度，我们要熟悉所给划线词语，恰当的时候加以运用。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。按要求完成写作任务。【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：belong to，happened to，hand in，deserve等高级词汇；条件状语从句He knew his plan wouldnt be so great if he won with a ticket that didnt belong to him.；时间状语从句When he turned around to leave, the teacher stopped him.等高级句式。故事续写主题鲜明，与原文契合度高，衔接自然。
