1、Unit 2Working the land1struggle(vi.& n)斗争；拼搏；努力2decade(n.)十年；十年期3expand(vt.& vi.)使变大；伸展4circulate(vt.& vi.)循环；流传5freedom(n.)自由；自主6therefore(adv.)因此；所以；因而7occupation(n.)工作；职业；占领8regret(vt.)遗憾；惋惜(n.)遗憾；懊悔9focus(n.)焦点；中心点(vt.)集中；聚焦10reduce(vt.)减少；减缩11comment(n.)评论；议论(vi.& vt.)表达意见；作出评论12hunger(n.)饥饿；欲望
2、；(vt.& vi.)(使)饥饿hungry(adj.)饥饿的；渴望得到的13equip(vt.& vi.)配备；装备equipment(n.)设备(不可数)14export(vt.& vi.)输出；出口import (反义词)(vt.& vi.)输入；进口15confuse(vt.)使迷惑；使为难confusing(adj.)令人迷惑的confused(adj.)感到迷惑的confusion(n.)迷惑16discovery(n.)发现；发觉discover(vt.)发现；发觉1thanks_to幸亏；由于；因为2rid.of摆脱；除去3be_satisfied_with对感到满意4woul
3、d_rather宁愿；宁可5build_up逐渐增强；建立；开发6lead_to导致；造成(后果)7focus_on集中(注意力、精力等)于8be_rich_in盛产；富于9keep.free_from/of使不含(有害物)10prefer.to.(与相比)更喜欢1Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。名师指津：what is called.“所谓的”，what引导宾语从句。例句仿写：我们应该采取措施提高所谓的生活质量。We should take measures to
4、improve what_is_called the quality of living.2Recently，however，scientists have been finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and，even more dangerous，to peoples health.然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。名师指津：现在完成进行时。例句仿写：你们找到昨天在山中失踪的夫妇了吗？没有，但是自从那以后，我们一直在尽
5、力和他们取得联系。Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?No，but we have_been_trying to get in touch with them ever since.3If so，what did you do to grow them?如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这种植物？名师指津：if so意为“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式。例句仿写：这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。Will you be free this Sunday？If_so，lets go campin
6、g.struggle vt.，vi.& n斗争，拼搏；努力；挣扎(朗文P2048)Shes struggling to bring up a family on a very low income.她靠着非常微薄的收入艰难地供养一家人。(1)(2)struggle to ones feet挣扎着站起来(3)with a struggle费劲地Some farmers have to leave their hometown and go to work in cities，struggling to increase their income.一些农民不得不离开家乡到城市里打工，努力地增加他们
7、的收入。We have to struggle_with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。The soldier was badly wounded but he struggled_to_his_feet at last.这个战士受了重伤但最后还是挣扎着站了起来。equip vt.& vi.装备；配备教材原句P10：He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.因
8、此，他资助几百万元供其他人进行农业研究。(1)(2)Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.请准备一支削尖的铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。Equipped_with new scientific farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.因为掌握了科学的农耕新方法，现在，他们可以使用更少的农田进行耕种。We want our son to have an education that will equ
9、ip him for later life.我们想让儿子接受能为其日后生活打下基础的教育。confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难；使混乱；混淆(朗文P418)If you are confused about anything，phone my office.如果你有任何疑问，给我办公室打电话。(1)confuse.with/and.混淆；把混同；辨别不清be confused by被弄混、糊涂(2)be confused about对糊涂、不解(3)confused adj.困惑的，烦恼的(表示人的内心感受)confusing adj.令人费解的；使人困惑的(表示事物的状态)confusion
10、 n困惑I confused_her_with_her_sister because they were so alike.我把她和她妹妹弄混了，因为她们长得太像了。The situation remains confused as both sides claim success.由于双方均宣称获胜，形势依然不明朗。There was a confused look on his face when he met with the confusing problem.当他遇到这个使人困惑的难题时，他脸上露出了困惑的表情。regret v可惜，后悔，遗憾；惋惜；n.遗憾，抱歉(牛津P1673)
11、We regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过。(1)regret 后悔做了某事(2)(3)I regret having left the work unfinished；I should have planned everything ahead carefully.我很遗憾未能完成工作，我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划得很好。We think，much_to_our_regret，that we will not be able to visit you ne
12、xt year.让我们深感遗憾的是，我们明年不能去拜访你了。reduce vt.减少，缩减(2013辽宁卷阅读理解)We have greatly reduced our buying we dont need.我们已经大大减少购买我们不需要的东西。(1)reduce.to.减少到reduce.by.减少了(2)be reduced to沦落为；陷入某种状态The number of students in our school has_been_reduced_to 2,000.我们学校学生的数目减少到了2 000。She does exercise every day，and she ha
13、s reduced her weight by 10%。她坚持天天锻炼，已经把体重降低了10%。Believe it or not，the rich man should be_reduced_to a beggar.信不信由你，那位富人竟然沦落为乞丐。.完成句子1Lydia really_(后悔中学辍学)She has really had to struggle to make a living because of that decision.答案：regrets dropping out of high school2_(因此)，I firmly believe that our fu
14、ture is in our own hands.答案：Therefore3As far as I know，she never gave up and_(努力过着一种积极向上的生活)答案：struggled to leave an active life4As parents，we want to _(孩子们具有某些特殊技能)答案：equip our children with some special skills5The old woman is determined to learn how to use the Internet to_(扩大生意) and reach a globa
15、l market.答案：expand her business.单项填空1(2014中国人民大学附属中学摸底考试)I regret_you John has been fired.I can hardly believe my ears.Hes such a fine worker.AtellingBhaving toldCto tellDto have told解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：很遗憾地告诉你约翰已经被解雇了。我几乎不能相信我的耳朵。他是一个如此好的工人。regret to do sth.遗憾地做某事；regret doing sth.后悔做过某事。regret to tell遗
16、憾地告诉，符合语境。答案：C2(2014合肥一检)I regret_hard last term，or I would get first prize in the final exam.Anot to studyBhaving not studiedCto have not studiedDnot having studied解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：我后悔上学期没有努力学习，否则我一定会在期末考试中获得一等奖的。regret doing sth.后悔做过某事，regret to do sth.遗憾地要做某事。此处表述的是过去的事情，故应用regret having done，否定表达要
17、用not having done。答案：D3(2014浙江绍兴调研)What do you think of her speech last night?Just so so.She gave us too much information，so that everyone got_.AconfusedBto confuseCconfusingDto be confused解析：考查非谓语动词。get confused为被动语态结构，get相当于助动词be。答案：A4(2013安徽合肥名校第三次模拟)The cars give off a great deal of waste gas in
18、the streets.Yes.But Im sure something will be done to_air pollution.AreduceBremoveCcollectDwarn解析：考查动词辨析。空处所在句子的句意：但是我确定一些事情会被做来减少大气污染。reduce缩小，减少；remove清除，collect收集，warn警告，提醒，根据句意应该选A。答案：A5(2014郑州高三质检)The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle_.Ato be heardBto have heardCh
19、earingDbeing heard解析：考查struggle的用法及不定式的被动语态。句意为：孩子们在餐桌上说话声音那么大，以至于我必须努力喊才能被听到。struggle to do sth.努力做某事；根据句意应当用不定式的被动形式。答案：A6We students should_ourselves with knowledge for the competition nowadays is very fierce.AsupplyBequipCrelateDfeed解析：equip sb.with sth.用某物武装、装备某人。句意为：我们学生应该用知识武装自己，因为现在竞争非常激烈。答案
20、：Bthanks to幸亏；由于；因为教材原句P10：Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。 由于，因为Thanks_to_your_encouragement，I made continuous progress in math，and finally made up my mind to study it in the university.多亏你的鼓励，我在数学上不断进步，最后我下决心上大学就学数学
21、专业。It is reported that the terrible accident was due to his careless driving.据报道，这个可怕的事故是由他粗心驾驶造成的。As a result of the bad weather，the football match was put off.由于天气不好，足球赛被推迟了。lead to通向，导致，致使(2012福建短文填词)A lack of confidence can lead to a lot of suffering.缺乏自信心会导致许多痛苦。lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事lead/liv
22、e a.life过样的生活lead.into.把领进lead the way引路；带路The discovery of the new evidence eventually led to the officials being arrested/arrest.新的证据的发现最终导致这名官员被捕。As we all know，all roads lead_to_Rome.众所周知，条条大道通罗马。This has led scientists to think out other solutions to the problem.这就使得科学家不得不想其他解决问题的方法。.完成句子1A dee
23、p breath and a balanced mind will help (to) _(去掉焦虑) and nervousness.答案：rid you of the anxiety2To be mentally healthy，you need to_(建立良好的关系) with each other.答案：build up good relationships3As is known to us all，success lies in hard work while laziness_(导致失败)答案：leads to failure4Measures should be taken
24、to_the children and old_(使免受) the polluted vegetables above all.答案：keep；free from5_(幸亏的支持) from the local government，they could rebuild their houses soon after the earthquake.答案：Thanks to the support.单项填空1_these new treatments，people with high blood pressure can live a long and active life.AThanks t
25、oBAccording toCAs forDInstead of解析：句意为：多亏了这些新治疗措施，患高血压病人能生活的积极健康长寿。thanks to由于，多亏了，符合句意。答案：A2(2013浙江卷)Bears_fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.Apack up Bbuild upCbring up Dtake up解析：句意为：熊在夏天和秋天积累脂肪，以便有足够的能量使它们度过冬眠。本题考查动词词组辨析。pack u
26、p打包，收起来；build up逐渐积累；bring up养育，提出，呕吐；take up开始从事，把继续下去，占据。答案：B3As we all know，it is human activity that_the global warming.Ahas come fromBhave come fromChas led toDhave led to解析：句意为：众所周知，是人类的活动“导致(lead to)”了全球变暖。主句是强调句型，是对主语human activity的强调，谓语动词用单数，故选C项。答案：CDr Yuan grows what is called super hybri
27、d rice.袁博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。what is called super hybrid rice用做grows的宾语从句。名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语成分时，用关系代词what连接。After a hard time，they came to what_is_called America today.艰难的努力后他们来到了现在称作美洲的地方。We now live in what is called the Information Age.我们现在生活在一个信息时代。He graduated from what was called a key high scho
28、ol.他毕业于一所重点高中。He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.他更愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。would rather宁愿、宁可，没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather。(1)Nowadays，many college graduates would rather hunt for the little job opportunity in big cities than work in the poor areas，where they are in great need.现在，许多大学生宁愿在大城市寻找较小
29、的就业机会也不愿到最需要他们的贫穷地区工作。Rather_than_refuse to help you，I would borrow money from my friends.我宁可向朋友借钱，也不愿拒绝帮助你。 (2)would rather从句would rather have done本来想而未实现Do you mind if I smoke？你介意我抽烟吗？Well，Id rather (that) you didnt.嗯，最好别抽。Mary is feeling upset.I would rather I hadnt_told_her the bad news.玛丽感到沮丧，我
30、要是没把这个坏消息告诉她就好了。Recently，however，scientists have been finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and，even more dangerous，to peoples health.然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。have been finding是现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。I have got a headache
31、.我头疼。No wonder.You have_been_working in front of that computer too long.难怪你头疼，你在电脑前工作的时间太长了。No wonder you are so tired.You have been working all day.难怪你这么累，你工作一天了。.完成句子1The girl seldom，_(如果有过的话)，turned to her brother for protection.答案：if ever2I hear Mr Wang has passed the driving test._(如果这样的话)，let
32、me go and congratulate him.答案：If so3I_(没看足球赛就好了) last night with my friends.Otherwise，I would have finished my paperwork by now.答案：would rather not have watched the football match.单项填空1(2013南京二模)The old store enjoys a good reputation in this area.Cant agree more.There are very few，_，complaints about
33、 their service.Aif anyBif soCif anythingDif ever解析：考查省略。句意为：在这个地区，那个老商店享有良好的声誉。非常同意。对他们的服务的抱怨如果有的话，也是很少的。if any若有的话，符合语境。答案：A2(2014泰安一检)Ring me at six tomorrow morning，will you?Why that early？I_.Awill sleepBhave sleptChave been sleepingDwill be sleeping解析：考查时态。句意为：明天早上六点打电话给我，好吗？为什么那么早？那个时候我正在睡觉。根据语
34、境可知，此处表示将来的某个时间正在做某事，应用将来进行时，故选D。答案：D3(2014长春实验中学模拟)In the past decades，sea ice_in the Arctic as a result of global warming.Ahad meltedBhas been meltingCmeltedDis melting解析：考查动词时态。句意为：在过去的几十年里，由于全球变暖，北极的海冰正在融化。由in the past decades可知，句子用现在完成时，且事态还在发展中，故B项正确。答案：B4(2013湘潭市二模)Hey，do you like the heavy m
35、etal music that I am playing?To be honest，I dont.Id rather you_silent.Ahad keptBkeepCshould keepDkept解析：考查虚拟语气。句意为：嘿，你喜欢我正在播放的重金属音乐吗？老实讲，我不喜欢。我宁愿你保持安静。would rather后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气。分析语境可知，此处表示对现在的虚拟，故要用动词的过去式。答案：Dexpand vt.使变大，使增强，阐述；vi.扩大；增加，增强expand ones knowledge扩展知识The purpose of education should be
36、to expand the minds of children.教育的目的应该是扩展学生们的心智。comment n评论；议论；vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论(1)make comments on/about.对加以评论No comment！无可奉告！(2)comment on/upon sth.对发表评论The teacher often comments on/upon how different the two boys are.老师经常谈论那两个孩子的不同之处。focus vt.集中注意力；聚焦；n.焦点，关注点，中心点(1)(2)the focus of attention/co
37、ncern注意力/关注的焦点As far as I know，all her energies are focused on her children.据我所知，她全部精力都倾注到了孩子们的身上。be satisfied with对表示满足或满意(1) 对满意(2)be satisfied to do对做感到满意Satisfied with what I said，mother agreed that I could go swimming with my classmates.对我说的满意，母亲同意我与同学一起去游泳。【写作素材】1中国的农民曾经过着很艰苦的生活，并一直受着饥饿的困扰。2几十
38、年来，他们努力寻找能够提高粮食产量的方法，但收效甚微。3多亏了袁博士的杂交水稻研究，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。这意味着世界22%的人口摆脱了饥饿。4大多数农民都很满意现在的生活，宁愿待在农村当农民。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。【连句成篇】Farmers in China used to live a hard life and was always disturbed by hunger.For decades，they struggled to search for ways to increase rice harvests，but without success.Thanks
39、to Dr Yuans research on the hybrid rice，farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before，which means 22% of the worlds people have got rid of hunger.Most of the farmers say they are now quite satisfied with their lives and would much rather be farmers in the countryside.ving形式作主语、宾语1(2014长沙市雅
40、礼中学模拟)_unemployment insurance would mean telling millions of our neighbors who are out of work today that theyre on their own.ACutBCuttingCHaving cutDBeing cut解析：考查非谓语动词。此处“cutting unemployment insurance”动名词短语作主语。句意为：去掉失业保险意味着告诉周围成千上万失业的人们，他们要靠他们自己。答案：B2(2014金华十校联考)Most Americans say gun control is
41、the only way they can imagine_the number of school shootings in some American high schools.AreducingBto reduceCreducedDreduce解析：考查非谓语动词。“they can imagine”在句中修饰the only way，“_the number of school shootings in some American high schools”为不定式短语作目的状语，故选B。答案：B3(2014河南省普通高中适应性检测卷一)People spend many years
42、learning about favorite sports and_how to do them well.Apractice BpracticedCpracticing Dto practice解析：考查非谓语动词。spend.(in) doing sth.表示“花费做某事”，根据and可知，空处应与learning并列，作省略了的介词in的宾语，故选C。答案：C4(2014泰安质量检测)_in the countryside made Mr Wilson very hardworking when he was very young.ABringing upBHaving brought
43、 upCBeing brought up DBrought up解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：Mr Wilson在乡下被抚养长大，这使他在很小的时候就很勤劳。分析句意及句子结构可知，bring up与Mr Wilson为逻辑上的动宾关系，又因为句子缺主语，故用Being brought up。答案：C5(2014辽宁五校第一联合体考试)_twice a year，whether it is a car，a bus or a truck，is a rule that every driver must obey in this city.AExaminingBExaminedCHaving be
44、en examinedDBeing examined解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：无论是汽车，公交车还是卡车，每年检查两次是这个城市的每个司机都要遵守的规则。根据句意可知此处应用examine的现在分词的被动式Being examined作句子的主语。答案：D课时作业(十七)Unit 2Working the land(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！)第三讲“心思难猜”的“attitude”型主旨大意题作者通过文章可以表达的意图很多，文章可能体现作者的某种态度，比如支持、反对、批评、赞扬；也可能体现作者的某种目的，比如建议、劝阻、推销、指导等。这需要考生根据文章的内容进行细致的辨
45、别和分析，弄清作者的态度和目的。一般来说，作者的态度和意图都能够从文章的论述方法、措辞、语气等方面推断出来。(2013北京卷) Does Fame Drive You Crazy?Although being famous might sound like a dream come true，todays stars，feeling like zoo animals，face pressures that few of us can imagine.They are at the center of much of the worlds attention.Paparazzi (狗仔队) ca
46、mp outside their homes，cameras ready.Tabloids (小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature!According to psychologist Christina Villarreal，celebritiesfamous peopleworry constantly about t
47、heir public appearance.Eventually，they start to lose track of who they really are，seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them，not as the people they were before everyone knew their names.“Over time，” Villarreal says，“they feel separated and alone.”The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has bee
48、n around for ages.In the 4th century BC，painters followed Alexander the Great into battle，hoping to picture his victories for his admirers.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century，his soldout readings attracted thousands of fans，leading him to complain (抱怨) about his lack of privacy.
49、Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about filmstars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.Being a public figure today，however，is a lot more difficult than it used to be.Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.When they say so
50、mething silly or do something ridiculous，there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.If fame is so troublesome，why arent all celebrities running away from it？The answer is there are still ways to deal with it.Some stars stay calm by surrounding the
51、mselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities.They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Still，even stars who enjoy full justice
52、often complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of being famous already.语篇解读本文为议论文。作者主要对现在的名人没有隐私的问题发表了自己的看法。 1.It can be learned from the passage that stars today_.Aare often misunderstood by the public Bcan no longer have their privacy protected Cspend too much on their public appeara
53、nce Dcare little about how they have come into fame解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二、三、四句“They are at the center of much of the worlds attention.Paparazzi camp outside their homes，cameras ready.Tabloids publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.” 可知现在的明星没有隐私，故选择B项。答案：B 2.What is the main idea of Paragra
54、ph 3?AGreat heroes of the past were generally admired.BThe problem faced by celebrities has a long history.CWellknown actors are usually targets of tabloids.DWorks of popular writers often have a lot of readers.解析：主旨大意题。此段通过列举历史上的名人所遇到的麻烦来证明名人所遇到的问题由来已久，故选择B项。答案：B3What makes it much harder to be a c
55、elebrity today? AAvailability of modern media. BInadequate social recognition. CLack of favorable chances. DHuge population of fans.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段所描述内容可知以Internet为代表的现代媒介令名人们的处境更加不易，故此题选择A项。答案：A4What is the authors attitude toward modern celebrity?ASincere.BSceptical.CDisapproving.DSympathetic.解析：观点
56、态度题。通读全文可以发现，作者对现代名人没有批判、怀疑或是大加鼓励，倒是同情他们没有隐私、体谅他们难处的句子频繁出现，故此题应选择D项sympathetic同情的。sincere真诚的，sceptical怀疑的，disapproving不赞同的。答案：D1一般来说，作者对某一事物的态度往往较为明确，要么支持，要么反对。2当作者的态度没有明确表达出来时，要学会根据作者使用的词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度。3作者的观点一般与文章的主旨相关联。例如真题示例第4题，通读全文可以发现，作者对现代名人没有批判、怀疑或是大加鼓励，由第四、五段“Being a public figure today，however，is a lot more difficult than it used to be.”可知，作者对名人没有隐私，体谅他们的难处，因此D项正确。sincere真诚的；sceptical怀疑的；disapproving不赞同的；sympathetic同情的。
