1、2021-2022学年牛津上海版英语高二第一学期期中复习卷（四）I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10分)Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the othe
2、r blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A team of engineers at Harvard University _1_ (inspire) by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech systems. _2_ (design) to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the si
3、ze of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform _3_ (control) flight tasks.“Its extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who _4_ (w
4、ork) on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start _5_ (pierce) together the components. “The _6_ (add) difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,”
5、he said.They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of devices, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well,” said Wood. The flight device _7_(build) into a set of pow
6、er, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the _8_ (fly) robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually _9_ (equip) it with a built-
7、in power source, so that it can someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers fields _10_ on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.【答案】1. has been inspired 2. Designed 3. controlled 4. has worked#has been working 5. to pierce#pierc
8、ing 6. added 7. was built 8. flying 9. to equip 10. or【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了哈佛大学的一个工程师团队创造了第一个机器人飞行器。【1题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：哈佛大学的一个工程师团队受到自然的启发，创造了第一个机器人飞行器。根据句意及后文中has become可知，用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，谓语动词inspire和主语A team of engineers之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态（have/has been done），因主语为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填has been inspired。
9、【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个微型机器的设计目的是做苍蝇自然会做的事情，它只有一只肥胖的家蝇大小。分析可知，非谓语动词design和主语the tiny machine之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作状语。句首字母大写，故填Designed。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它的迷你机翼使其能够在空中停留并执行受控飞行任务。分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词control和所修饰的名词短语flight tasks之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作前置定语。故填controlled。【4题详解】考查时态。句意：“对我们来说，把它作为一个整体来考虑，而不仅仅是一堆单独组件的总和，这是极其重要的，”
10、哈佛大学工程学教授Robert Wood说，他在机器人飞行项目上工作了十多年。分析可知，此处为定语从句中的谓语，根据语境和时间状语for over a decade可知，应用现在完成时，表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，或用现在完成进行时，表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，并有继续下去的趋势，主语who指代先行词，为第三人称单数。故填has worked / has been working。【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：几年前，他的团队得到许可，开始一起突破组件。start to do sth和start doing sth都是固定短语，习惯表达，此处区别不大，故用动词不定式或动名词作宾
11、语。故填to pierce/piercing。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他说：“像这样一个项目的额外困难是，这些组件实际上都不是现成的，所以我们必须自己开发。”分析可知，非谓语动词add和所修饰的名词difficulty之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作前置定语。故填added。【7题详解】考查语态。句意：该飞行装置内置在一套动力、计算、传感和控制系统中。分析可知，谓语动词build和主语之间是被动关系，用被动语态（be done），根据前文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Wood说，该项
12、目的成功证明，这些微小部件的飞行机器人是可以制造和成批生产的。根据句意可知，此处应用动名词flying作定语修饰名词robot，相当于robot for flying。故填flying。【9题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然这第一个机器人飞行器与一个小型的非车载电源相连，但最终的目标是为它配备一个内置的电源，以便有一天它可以在救援地点、农民的田地或战场上进行数据收集工作。根据句意及前文is可知，此处应用动词不定式作表语，说明主语的目的。故填to equip。【10题详解】考查连词。句意：虽然这第一个机器人飞行器与一个小型的非车载电源相连，但最终的目标是为它配备一个内置的电源，以便有一天它可以在
13、救援地点、农民的田地或战场上进行数据收集工作。根据句意和前文in farmers fields及后文on the battlefield可知，此处应用连词or“或者”，连接两个介词短语，表示选择。故填or。Section B (10分)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. independently；B. partici
14、pation；C. adding；D. equality；E. foundation；F. confidence G. boards；H. communication；I. exposure；J. accessibility；K. separatelyWeb-based education tools provide many ways to increase _11_ between class members and faculty, including discussion _12_, chats, and e-mails. Researchers have found that _13
15、_ these elements to a course increases student motivation and _14_ in class discussions and projects, making them have _15_ in their ability. Online forums, like Blackboards Discussion Board and Chat, provide public areas to post information. Each student can view another students answers and learn
16、through the _16_ to different perspectives. This benefits students because they can combine new opinions with their own, and develop a solid _17_ for learning besides the benefits of learning _18_.Another benefit to using web-based communication tools is to give all students a reinforced sense of _1
17、9_. Each individual has the same opportunity to “speak up” by posting messages.Online communication also benefits students by providing additional layer of instructor _20_.In all, web-based learning environments permit the instructor to build one course, so students can utilize materials in whicheve
18、r way works best for them.【答案】11. H 12. G 13. C 14. B 15. F 16. I 17. E 18. A 19. D 20. J【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述网络通讯工具对网上课程的积极作用和影响。【详解】1. 考查名词。句意：网络教学工具为增进学生与教职员工之间的沟通提供了很多方式。分析句子可知，空格处填名词，作宾语。根据句意，网络交流工具增进了师生间的沟通。H项“communication”（交流）符合句意，故选H项。2. 考查名词。句意：.包括讨论版，聊天软件和电子邮件。分析句子可知，此处填名词，根据句意及固定搭配，此处填boa
19、rds，discussion boards是固定短语，意为讨论板。故选G项。3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员发现给课程增加这些元素能够增加学习动机。分析句子可知，空格处要填的词在宾语从句中作主语，且根据句意，此处应该用动词短语add.to（把.加入到）。应该用动名词形式作主语。故选C项。4. 考查名词。句意：研究人员发现给课程增加这些元素能够增加学习动机和课堂讨论及项目参与度。分析句子可知，空格前有名词motivation和并列连词and，此处要填名词。根据句意，此处表示的是学习动机与课堂参与度。B项“participation”（参与）符合句意，故选B项。5. 考查名词。句意：.使得他们
20、对自己的能力更加的自信。分析句子可知，此处作have之后的宾语，此处填名词。根据句意，此处意指对自身能力的信心。F项“confidence”符合句意，故选F项。6. 考查名词。句意：每个学生都能看到其他学生的答案并且能通过接触不同的视角去学习。分析句子可知，此处位于介词through和冠词the之后，所以此处要填名词。而且，有名词短语exposure to（接触，暴露于），此处意指接触不同的视角。I项“exposure”（暴露，接触）符合句意，故选I项。7. 考查名词。句意：这对学生很有好处。因为他们能够把新鲜的观点和自身的相结合，并且能够形成牢固的学习基础。分析句子可知，此处位于形容词sol
21、id之后，所以填名词作宾语。根据句意，此处意指牢固的学习基础。E项“foundation”（基础）符合句意，故选E项。8. 考查副词。句意：除了能够独立学习，还能培养牢固的学习基础。分析句子可知，此处位于动词learning之后，所以要填副词，修饰动词learning，表示“独立地”。故选A项。9. 考查名词。句意：另外一个使用网络学习工具的好处是能够加强学生的公平感。分析句子可知，此处位于介词of之后，所以空格填名词。根据句意，此处意指网络学习能够让学生感到公平。D项“equality”（公平）符合句意。故选D项。10. 考查名词。句意：线上交流在为学生提供额外的指导方面也有好处。分析句子可
22、知，此处意指指导的可获得性，也即能够获得更多的线上指导。J项“accessibility”（可接触。可获得）符合句意。故选J项。II. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Body language is the
23、 quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks _21_ than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more _22_ than we realize. In fact, non-verbal communication takes up about 50% of what we really _23_. And body language is particularly _24_ when we attempt to communicate acr
24、oss cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so _25_ a part of us that its actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. _26_, different societies treat the _27_ between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having _28_contact (接触) even with f
25、riends, certainly not with _29_. People from Latin American countries, _30_, touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, its possible that in _31_, it may look like a Latino is _32_ a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving _33_. The Norwegian, very proba
26、bly seeing this as pushiness, will keep _34_ which the Latino will in return regard as _35_.Whatever the situation, the best advice is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be treated.21. A. straighterB. louderC. harderD. further22. A. soundsB. invitationsC. feelingsD. messages2
27、3. A. hopeB. receiveC. discoverD. mean24. A. immediateB. misleadingC. importantD. difficult25. A. wellB. farC. muchD. long26. A. For exampleB. ThusC. HoweverD. In short27. A. tradeB. distanceC. connectionsD. greetings28. A. eyeB. verbalC. bodilyD. telephone29. A. strangersB. relativesC. neighborsD.
28、enemies30. A. in other wordsB. on the other handC. in a similar wayD. by all means31. A. troubleB. conversationC. silenceD. experiment32. A. disturbingB. helpingC. guidingD. following33. A. closerB. fasterC. inD. away34. A. stepping forwardB. going onC. backing awayD. coming out35. A. weaknessB. car
29、elessnessC. friendlinessD. coldness【答案】21. B 22. D 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过跨文化交际时，由于文化背景和习惯不同，而产生的交流误解。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：身势语比语言表达的意思更响亮，更清楚。A.straighter 更直接地； B.louder 更大声地； C. harder 更努力地； D. further 进一步地。 根据后文“According to s
30、pecialists, our bodies send out more _ than we realize.”（据专家所说，我们的身体发出的信息比我们意识到的要多）可知这里意思是身势语比语言表达的意思更响亮。故选B项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据专家称：我们身体发出比我们意识到的更多的信息。A.sounds 声音； B.invitations 邀请； C. feelings 感觉 ； D. messages 信息。根据上文“Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! ”（肢体语言是隐秘
31、的，沉默的和最有力的语言），可知肢体语言能够传递交流所需的信息。故选D项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：实际上，非语言交际占据了约50%我们真正想表达的意思。A.hope 希望； B.receive 接受； C.discover 发现； D. mean 意味着。此处指的是传达我们自己真正的意思。故选D项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们进行跨文化交流时，身势语显得尤为重要。A.immediate 立即的； B.misleading 有误解的； C.important 重要的； D. difficult 困难的。根据“when we attempt to communica
32、te across cultures”（当我们尝试跨文化交流时），可知跨文化交际时口头语言无法使用，此时肢体语言对于交流是很重要的。故选C项。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上肢体语言是被我们常常忽视的很大的一部分。A.well 好地； B.far 远地； C.much 多地； D. long 长久地。根据“ its actually often unnoticed”（实际上经常被忽视），可知此处强调肢体语言在我们身上无处不在，以至于我们会忽视。固定短语 so much 强调程度。故选C项。【26题详解】考查固定短语和副词词义辨析。 句意：例如，不同社会对待交际距离的看法是不同的。A
33、.For example 例如； B.Thus 因此； C.However 然而； D.In short 简而言之。根据上文“attempt to communicate across cultures”（尝试跨文化交际）和“misunderstandings occur as a result of it”（由此产生误解），以及下文列举了“Northern Europeans”和“Latin American countries”可知此处应该是对上文跨文化交际会产生误解的举例说明。故选A项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，不同的社会群体对待人们之间接触的距离是不同的。A.trad
34、e 贸易； B.distance 距离； C.connections 连接； D. greetings 问候。根据下文“Northern Europeans usually do not like having _contact (接触) even with friends”（北欧人不喜欢和朋友有接触），此处列举了北欧人对交际时人与人之间的距离的看法。故选B项。【28题详解】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：北欧人通常不喜欢身体的接触，即使是朋友，当然更不用说陌生人。A.eye 眼睛； B.verbal 口头的； C.bodily 身体的； D. telephone 电话。根据下文“ Peopl
35、e from Latin American countries, _, touch each other quite a lot. ”（拉丁美洲的人喜欢触碰彼此），可知此处应该是北欧人和拉丁美洲人对比来看，不喜欢肢体接触。故选C项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：北欧人通常不喜欢身体的接触，即使是朋友，当然更不用说陌生人。A.strangers 陌生人； B.relatives 亲戚； C.neighbors 邻居； D. enemies 敌人。根据上文“do not like having _contact (接触) even with friends”（不喜欢和朋友有接触），当然更不
36、要说陌生人了。故选A项。【30题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：然而，拉丁美洲的人触碰彼此就很多。A.in other words 换句话说； B.on the other hand 然而，另一方面； C.in a similar way 按同样的方式 ； D.by all means 一定，务必。根据上文“Northern Europeans usually do not like having _contact (接触) even with friends”举例北欧人有很大的交际距离；此处应该是作为对比，举例拉丁美洲人的交际距离。故选B项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在对话过程中，
37、拉美人跟着挪威人满屋子转是可能的。 A.trouble 麻烦； B.conversation 对话； C.silence 安静； D.experiment 实验。根据上文列举两个不同文化群体的人交流时对社交距离的看法。此处应该指的是在交流对话中，两种文明下的人在交流中的误解状况。故选B项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：拉美人跟着挪威人满屋子转是可能的。A.disturbing 打扰； B.helping 帮助； C.guiding 指导 ； D.following 跟随。根据句意，此处指的是不同文化下的两类人对待交际距离的看法不同可能会导致北欧人保持距离，但是拉美人想要肢体接触来表示友
38、好。故选D项。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：拉美人保持靠近些表示友谊。A.closer 更近地； B.faster 更快 地； C.in 在里面地； D.away 远离地。根据句意及上文，拉丁美洲的人之间的交际距离很近，所以他们会以靠近你来表示对你的友好。故选A项。【34题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：挪威人将不断的后退。A.stepping forward 向前走； B. going on 继续； C.backing away 后退； D. coming out 出来，出版。根据上文“ Latin American countries, _, touch each other q
39、uite a lot”以及“orthern Europeans usually do not like having _contact (接触) even with friends”，可知北欧人在交流时，不喜欢距离太近，所以挪威人会认为别人靠得太近有压迫感，会一直后退。故选C项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：拉美人反过来认为他们很冷淡。A.weakness 弱点； B.carelessness 粗心； C.friendliness 友好； D. coldness 冷漠。根据上文“The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness”
40、（北欧人认为靠太近会很有压迫感）；“The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving _”（拉美人为了表示友好会不断靠近），所以当挪威人往后退的时候，拉丁美洲的人会认为欧洲人很冷淡。这是跨文化交际时产生的文化误解。故选D项。Section B (22分)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them the
41、re are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIn sport the sexes are separate. Women and men do not run or swim in the same races. Women are less strong than men. That at least is what people say. Women a
42、re called the weaker sex, or, if men want to please them, the fair sex. But boys and girls are taught together at schools and universities. There are women who are famous Prime Ministers, scientists and writers. And women live longer than men. A European woman can expect to live until the age of 74,
43、 a man only until he is 68. Are womens bodies really weaker?The fastest men can run a mile in under 4 minutes. The best women need 4.5 minutes. Womens time is always slower than mens, but some facts are a surprise. Some of the fastest women swimmers today are teenage girls. One of them swam 400 mete
44、rs in 4 minutes 21.2 seconds when she was only 16. The first Tartan in film was an Olympic swimmer, Johnny Weissmuller. His fastest 400 meters was 4 minutes 49.1 seconds, which is 37.9 seconds slower than a girl 50 years later! This does not mean that women are catching men up. Conditions are very d
45、ifferent now and sport is much more serious. It is so serious that some women athletes are given hormone injections. At the Olympics a doctor has to check whether the women athletes are really women or not. It seems sad that sport has such problems. Life can be very complicated when there are two se
46、parate sexes!36. Women are called the weaker sex because _.A. women do as much as menB. people think women are weaker than menC. sport is easier for men than for womenD. in sport the two sexes are always together37. Which of the following is true?A. Boys and girls study separately everywhere.B Women
47、 do not run or swim in races with men.C. Famous Prime Ministers are women.D. Men can expect to live longer than women in Europe.38. The underlined part “That at least is what people say” means people _.A. say other things, tooB. dont say this muchC. say this but may not think soD. only think this39.
48、 In this passage the author implies that _.A. women are weaker than men, but fasterB. women are slower than men, but strongerC. men are not always stronger and faster than womenD. men are faster and stronger than women【答案】36. B 37. B 38. C 39. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了虽然体育运动中，男女是分开的，人们口头上说女人不如男人强壮，但是
49、一些事实证明男人并不总是比女人更强壮更快。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Women are less strong than men.(女人不如男人强壮)”可知，女人被称为弱者，因为人们认为女人比男人弱。故选B。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Women and men do not run or swim in the same races. (女性和男性不会在同一场比赛中跑步或游泳)”可知，B选项“女人不能和男人赛跑或游泳”正确。故选B。【38题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线部分后文“Women are called the weaker sex, or, if men wa
50、nt to please them, the fair sex. But boys and girls are taught together at schools and universities. There are women who are famous Prime Ministers, scientists and writers. And women live longer than men. A European woman can expect to live until the age of 74, a man only until he is 68. Are womens
51、bodies really weaker?(女人被称为弱者，或者，如果男人想取悦她们的话，被称为公平的女人。但是男孩和女孩在学校和大学里是一起学习的。有著名的首相、科学家和作家。而且女人比男人活得长。欧洲女性可以活到74岁，男性只能活到68岁。女性的身体真的更弱吗？)”可知，人们虽然嘴上说女人不如男人强壮，但是后面的例子表明女性也有男性比不了的优势，所以下划线部分“至少人们是这么说的”意思是人们会这么说，但可能不会这么想。故选C。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Some of the fastest women swimmers today are teenage girls. One
52、 of them swam 400 meters in 4 minutes 21.2 seconds when she was only 16. The first Tartan in film was an Olympic swimmer, Johnny Weissmuller. His fastest 400 meters was 4 minutes 49.1 seconds, which is 37.9 seconds slower than a girl 50 years later!( 现在一些最快的女子游泳运动员是十几岁的女孩。其中一位16岁时以4分21.2秒的成绩游了400米。第
53、一个“Tartan”出现在电影中是奥运会游泳运动员Johnny Weissmuller。他的400米最快成绩是4分49秒1，比50年后的一个女孩慢了37.9秒！)”可知，作者暗示男人并不总是比女人更强壮更快。故选C。BIn Japan many workers for large corporations have a guarantee of lifetime employment. They will not be laid off during recessions or when the tasks they perform are taken over by robots. To s
54、ome observers, this is capitalism at its best, because workers are treated as people not things. Others see it as necessarily inefficient and believe it cannot continue if Japan is to remain competitive with foreign corporations more concerned about profits and less concerned about people.Defenders
55、of the system argue that those who call it inefficient do not understand how it really works. In the first place not every Japanese worker has the guarantee of a lifetime job. The lifetime employment system includes only “regular employees.” Many employees do not fall into this category, including a
56、ll women. All businesses have many part time and temporary employees. These workers are hired and laid off during the course of the business cycle just as employees in the United States are. These “irregular workers” make up about 10 percent of the nonagricultural work force. Additionally, Japanese
57、firms maintain some flexibility through the extensive use of subcontractors. This practice is much more common in Japan than in the United States.The use of both subcontractors and temporary workers has increased markedly in Japan since the 1974-1975 recession. All this leads some people to argue th
58、at the Japanese system really is not all that different from the American system. During recessions Japanese corporations lay off temporary workers and give less business to subcontractors. In the United States, corporations lay off those workers with the least working experience. The difference the
59、n is probably less than the term “lifetime employment” suggests, but there still is a difference. And this difference cannot be understood without looking at the values of Japanese society. The relationship between employer and employee cannot be explained in purely contractual terms. Firms hold on
60、to the employees and that employees stay with one firm. There are also practical reasons for not jumping from job to job. Most retirement benefits come from the employer. Changing jobs means losing these benefits. Also, teamwork is an essential part of Japanese production. Moving to a new firm means
61、 adapting to a different team and at least temporarily, lower productivity and lower pay.40. According to the passage, a woman in Japan _.A. cannot get a lifetime jobB. is impossible to get a part time jobC. will be employed for lifeD. is among the regular workers41. Which of the following is NOT th
62、e reason why Japanese workers stay with one firm?A. They dont want to lose their retirement benefits.B. They are not adaptable people.C. Any change of jobs will make them less paid.D. They get used to the teamwork.42. It can be inferred from the passage that _.A. those who want to change jobs freque
63、ntly in Japan should think twiceB. those who are first laid off by American corporations are temporary workersC. the use of subcontractors makes Japanese firms less flexibleD. the Japanese system is totally different from the American system43. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The extremely h
64、ard situation during recessions.B. The extensive use of subcontractors in Japan.C. The characteristics of corporations in the United States.D. The features of lifetime employment in Japan.【答案】40. A 41. B 42. A 43. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在日本，许多大公司的工人都有终身雇佣的保证，列举了人们对此的不同看法，详细说明了日本终身雇佣制度的一些特点。【40题详解】细
65、节理解题。根据第二段中“In the first place not every Japanese worker has the guarantee of a lifetime job. The lifetime employment system includes only “regular employees.” Many employees do not fall into this category, including all women.(首先，并不是每个日本工人都有终身工作的保证。 终身雇佣制只包括“正式雇员”。许多员工并不属于这一类，包括所有女性)”可知，日本女性无法得到一份终
66、身工作。故选A。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Most retirement benefits come from the employer. Changing jobs means losing these benefits. Also, teamwork is an essential part of Japanese production. Moving to a new firm means adapting to a different team and at least temporarily, lower productivity and lower pay.(大多数退
67、休福利来自雇主。换工作意味着失去这些好处。同时，团队合作也是日本生产的重要组成部分。搬到新公司意味着要适应不同的团队，至少暂时会降低生产率和工资)”可知，B选项“他们不是适应力强的人”不是日本工人留在一家公司的原因。故选B。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“There are also practical reasons for not jumping from job to job. Most retirement benefits come from the employer. Changing jobs means losing these benefits. Also, team
68、work is an essential part of Japanese production. Moving to a new firm means adapting to a different team and at least temporarily, lower productivity and lower pay.(不要频繁跳槽也有一些实际的原因。大多数退休福利来自雇主。换工作意味着失去这些好处。同时，团队合作也是日本生产的重要组成部分。搬到新公司意味着要适应不同的团队，至少暂时会降低生产率和工资)”可推知，那些想在日本频繁换工作的人应该三思。故选A。【43题详解】主旨大意题。根
69、据第一段中“In Japan many workers for large corporations have a guarantee of lifetime employment. They will not be laid off during recessions or when the tasks they perform are taken over by robots.(在日本，许多大公司的工人都有终身雇佣的保证。在经济衰退或他们的工作被机器人接手时，他们不会被解雇)”结合文章主要说明了在日本，许多大公司的工人都有终身雇佣的保证，列举了人们对此的不同看法，详细说明了日本终身雇佣制度
70、的一些特点。可知，文章主要讨论了日本终身雇佣的特点。故选D。CThe question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isnt an either / or one, although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM (science, technology, engineering, maths)-related fields ca
71、n make it seem that way.The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also insists that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central elements of Americas educational system at all levels. Both areas are the key to producing cit
72、izens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates job pros
73、pects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, its natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem; “major in a subject designed to get you a job
74、” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadl
75、y-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as theres little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be ca
76、lled upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to take advantage of every available tool and insightpicked up from science, arts, and technolo
77、gyto solve the problems of the future, and seize the opportunities, will be helpful to them and the nation.44. What does the latest congressional report suggest?A. STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.B. The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal impor
78、tance.C. The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students spiritual life.D. Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.45. What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?A. Their interest in relevant subjects.B. The academic value of the courses.C.
79、The quality of education to receive.D. Their chances of getting a good job.46. What does the author say about the so called “soft” subjects?A. They benefit students in their future life.B. They broaden students range of interests.C. They just improve students communication skills.D. They are essenti
80、al to students healthy growth.【答案】44. B 45. D 46. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。最新的国会报告建议人文学科和科学、技术、工程学科应该同等重要，指出这两个领域都是培养公民的关键。作者也表达了自己对于选择人文还是科学、技术、工程学科的看法。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also insists that the study of the huma
81、nities and social sciences must remain central elements of Americas educational system at all levels. (最新的国会报告承认技术培训至关重要，但也坚持人文和社会科学的研究必须继续是美国各级教育系统的核心要素)”可知，最新的国会报告建议人文学科和科学、技术、工程学科应该同等重要。故选B。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Under these circumstances, its natural to look for what may appear to be the most “prac
82、tical” way out of the problem; “major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some,(在这种情况下，寻找最“实际”的解决方法是很自然的；“主修一门专门为你找工作而设计的学科”似乎是对一些人来说显而易见的答案)”可知，学生在选择专业时最关心的是他们找到好工作的机会。故选D。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities charac
83、terized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate ea
84、sily.(尽管这忽视了一个事实，即许多被称为“软”的人文学科实际上往往能带来就业和长远的成功。事实上，根据调查，雇主更喜欢那些接受过基础广泛的教育的学生，这些教育让他们学会了良好的写作、批判性思维、创造性研究和轻松沟通)”可知，作者认为，所谓的“软”科目让学生在未来生活中受益。故选A。Section C (8分)Directions: Choose from the sentences AF to complete the passage. There are two extra sentences which you do not need to use.As a teacher, you
85、 will use many ways to nurture (滋养) friendships among students. Now here are some steps for you to teach them friendship skills._47_Students should examine their surroundings and find someone with whom they would like to play or talk. Students should be given examples on examining how people will lo
86、ok like when they want to play or talk. Smile and get close to the personThe teacher should model walking up to someone with a smile on her face. _48_Introduce themselvesStudents should say their names, ask the other person his name, and look at the person and smile. Ask open-ended questions to get
87、information _49_ Students need to know that open-ended questions have answers of more than two or three words. Students should remember to look at the person and smile. A list of questions can be provided for the students if they are able to read. This step will depend on the level of the students.
88、_50_Students should find some activity or game to play on the playground during free time. The teacher can encourage students to join in an activity and provide ideas for students so their interaction will continue. Once students have learned these skills you can provide them with simple reminder ca
89、rds with words or pictures so they can practice on their own. Teaching these steps will be even more effective if you use childrens literature to show how friends are made.A. Find someone to whom they can talk.B. As the saying goes “Laughter is the best medicine.”C. Students should practice this ove
90、r and over.D. Suggest something to play together.E. Students can ask the other student what he is playing with or whats happening.F. Be polite to others.【答案】47. A 48. C 49. E 50. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章讲述了教师应该如何教孩子们结交朋友。【47题详解】下文Students should examine their surroundings and find someone with whom they
91、 would like to play or talk.（学生应该检查他们周围的环境，找到他们想和之玩耍或交谈的人。）说明找一个他们可以交谈的人。结合下面几个小标题格式形式，如：Smile and get close to the person；Introduce themselves等，都是简短的祈使句形式开头，结合选项，A选项符合题意。故选A。【48题详解】上文The teacher should model walking up to someone with a smile on her face.（老师应该模仿面带微笑走向某人的样子。）说明下句应该介绍如何练习微笑，而C选项的prac
92、tice this符合此意，C选项“学生们应该反复练习”切题。故选C。【49题详解】上文Ask open-ended questions to get information（提出开放式问题以获取信息）以及下文Students need to know that open-ended questions have answers of more than two or three words. Students should remember to look at the person and smile.（学生需要知道开放式问题的答案超过两个或三个单词。学生应该记得看着这个人并微笑。）说明中
93、间部分应该提及与问的问题有关，E选项中的ask the other student what正好相符，E选项“学生可以问其他学生他在玩什么或者发生了什么”切题。故选E。【50题详解】下文Students should find some activity or game to play on the playground during free time. The teacher can encourage students to join in an activity and provide ideas for students so their interaction will conti
94、nue.（学生应该在空闲时间在操场上进行一些活动或游戏。教师可以鼓励学生参与活动，并为学生提供想法，以便他们的互动能够继续。）说明此处和学生参与活动有关，而第四处应该是承上启下的作用，应该和这句相关信息相关联，D选项的to play together刚好与下句相衔接，D选项“建议一起玩的东西”切题。故选D。Section D (15分)51. Directions: Write the summary of the passage with no more than 80 words and the original sentences in the passage are not allow
95、ed to use.Every country has a capital city. It is where the government of the country meets. The capital city is often the largest and most important city in a country and it has more people, shops, businesses, offices and factories than anywhere else. The Romans founded a city, which was called Lon
96、dinium, by the River Thames in AD 43. The area is now the City of London, which is the business centre of the city. The Romans built the first London Bridge. In the 11th century, a royal palace and then a minster (a large and important church) were built 3 km to the west of the city. As London grew
97、and became more crowded, and roads and railways were built, people moved to the suburbs of the city to live. What were once outlying villages and towns were swallowed up, forming Greater London. By the 1860s, London was so crowded that railways had to be built underground. The London Underground now
98、 carries millions of passengers every year. As the capital city, London needs good communications with the rest of the United Kingdom and the wider world. Five airports serve London: Heathrow, Gatwick, London City, Luton and Stansted airports. Heathrow is one of the worlds busiest international airp
99、orts. There are flights to and from about 220 places worldwide, and more than 40 million travelers use the airport each year. There are also new docks, able to handle large modern ships, at Tilbury, near the mouth of the Thames. Almost all of the countrys main railway lines and motorways, and many o
100、f its main roads, radiate (辐射) out from London. Trains using the Channel Tunnel to mainland Europe start in London, and there is a direct motorway link between London and the Channel Tunnel.【答案】A capital city is where the government meets. Londinium, founded by the Romans, is now the City of London.
101、 As London became more and more crowded, people had to live in the suburbs of the city. In the 19th century, the London Underground was built to carry millions of people. There are 5 airports and new docks that serve London. Many of the centurys railway lines and roads, as well as the tunnel to main
102、land Europe start from London.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。每个国家都有首都。它是这个国家的精华所在。首都通常是一个国家最大和最重要的城市，它的人口、商店、企业、办公室和工厂比其他任何地方都多。文章主要讲述了英国首都伦敦的历史，发展和重要性。【详解】1 要点摘录Every country has a capital city. It is where the government of the country meets.The Romans founded a city, which was called Londinium, by the River Th
103、ames in AD 43. The area is now the City of London, which is the business centre of the city.As London grew and became more crowded, and roads and railways were built, people moved to the suburbs of the city to live.The London Underground now carries millions of passengers every year. Five airports s
104、erve London: Heathrow, Gatwick, London City, Luton and Stansted airports.There are also new docks, able to handle large modern ships, at Tilbury, near the mouth of the Thames. Almost all of the countrys main railway lines and motorways, and many of its main roads, radiate (辐射) out from London.2.缜密构思
105、将第1、2、5三个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Since London became more and more crowded, people had to live in the suburbs of the cityIn the 19th century, the London Underground built by London could carry millions of people. There are 5 airports and new docks, serving London.【点睛】高分句型1 A capital city is where
106、 the government meets. 运用where引导的限制性定语从句概括第一段内容，表达高级。高分句型2：There are 5 airports and new docks that serve London. 用that引导的定语从句概括第四段内容。第II卷（共40分）I. Translation (15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 作为一名老师，我应该信守诺言。（word）（汉译英）【答案】As a
107、teacher, I should keep my word.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定短语。表示“作为一名老师”短语为as a teacher；表示“信守诺言”短语为keep ones word，should后跟动词原形。故翻译为As a teacher, I should keep my word.53. 说实话，要参加一系列的竞赛使我很焦虑。（compete）（汉译英）【答案】To be honest, to compete in a series of games / competitions makes me very nervous.【解析】【详解】考查动词、名词和时态。表示
108、“说实话”，应该用短语“to be honest”，表示“一系列”应该用短语“a series of ”；表示“焦虑”应该用形容词“nervous”。此外，本句中“参加一系列竞赛”中有动词“参加”做主语，所以可以用动词不定式来做主语。故翻译为To be honest, to compete in a series of games / competitions makes me very nervous.。54. 每四年，世界各地的运动员都会参加到奥运会的各个赛事中。（participate）（汉译英）【答案】Every four years athletes from all over th
109、e world participate in the various events at the Olympic Games.【解析】【详解】考查时态和固定短语。每隔四年，译为“Every four years”，主语是运动员，译为“ athletes”，世界各地的为介词短语，修饰运动员，译为“from all over the world”，谓语参加，译为 “participate in”，描述客观事实，用一般现在时；宾语为奥运会的各个赛事中，译为“the various events at the Olympic Games”，故翻译为Every four years athletes f
110、rom all over the world participate in the various events at the Olympic Games.。55. 自主学习最好的好处就是你可以在方便的时候学习你感兴趣的东西。(convenient) （汉译英）【答案】The greatest benefit of independent learning is that you can learn what you are interested in at your convenience.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定短语和表语从句。结合句意表示“自主学习最好的好处”应用the grea
111、test benefit of independent learning，作主语；后跟that引导的表语从句，从句主语为you；表示“学习”应用learn，后跟what引导的宾语从句；表示“感兴趣”短语为be interested in；表示“在方便的时候”短语为at ones convenience。句子用一般现在时。故翻译为The greatest benefit of independent learning is that you can learn what you are interested in at your convenience.II Guided Writing (25
112、分)56 Directions: Write an English composition in 120150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 1. 简要描述图片；2. 针对此种情况发表您的观点。【答案】 As is vividly depicted in the picture, a short-sighted man wearing a pair of glasses, trying his best to look at things clearly, shouts cheerfully that t
113、here is beauty everywhere. In sharp contrast, the other man, with his eyes closed, says carelessly, “Why cant I see the beauty?”I disagree with the second man. Actually, I think beauty exists everywhere, but it is invisible to our eyes simply because we are reluctant to discover it.In our daily life
114、, inner beauty is what we often neglect. Sometimes, we tend to judge a person by his appearance. However, an ordinary-looking person can possess good qualities which are worth admiring. For instance, when people are in need, they are ready to offer a helping hand without hesitation. So how can we sa
115、y they are not beautiful?In addition, beauty can be found in trifles. Looking around in the classroom, we may find that a classmate is helping the other working out a problem and a teacher is tutoring a student. Walking in the street, we may notice that a traffic police officer is taking pains to do
116、 his duty regardless of the weather. What they are doing seems not to be a big deal, but they are truly showing a kind of beauty.So dont get easily depressed and think that there exists no beauty in the world. What we should do is to discover the beauty around ourselves and learn to be kind, friendl
117、y and upright.【解析】【分析】本篇文章属于议论文。要求考生根据图画所示内容写一篇议论文，对图画内两类人的审美观点做一个对比和评价。【详解】1. 词汇积累：生动形象地：vividly lively描绘：depict describe/show对比来看：in sharp contrast by comparison/by contrast拥有： possess own此外：in addition besides/moreover/furthermore2. 句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Looking around in the classroom, we may find that
118、a classmate is helping the other working out a problem and a teacher is tutoring a student. 拓展句： When we look around in the classroom we may find that a classmate is helping the other working out a problem and a teacher is tutoring a student.【点睛】【高分句型1】As is vividly depicted in the picture, a short-
119、sighted man wearing a pair of glasses, trying his best to look at things clearly, shouts cheerfully that there is beauty everywhere. （as引导的定语从句； “wearing a pair of glasses”和 “ trying his best to look at things clearly”两个非谓语动词短语在句中做定语。）【高分句型2】Walking in the street, we may notice that a traffic police officer is taking pains to do his duty regardless of the weather. （“walking in the street”非谓语动词短语状语）
