1、Unit 3 Back to the past Module31.civilize v.使文明 civilized;adj.文明的，开化的 civilization n.文明；开化 2.erupt vi.爆发 eruption n.爆发3.fortune n.运气；财富 fortunate;adj.幸运的；unfortunate;不幸的 fortunately;adv.幸运地；unfortunately不幸地4.archaeology n.考古学 archaeological;adj.考古学的 archaeologist n.考古学家5.wealth n.财富 wealthy adj.富有的热
2、 点 单 词merce n.商业 commercial;adj.商业的 commercially adv.在商业方面7.culture n.文化 cultural;adj.文化的 culturallyadv.在文化方面8.Swede n.瑞典 Swedish adj.瑞典的9.enormous adj.巨大的 enormously adv.极端地，非常10.wood n.木材；树林 wooden;adj.木质的；wooded 种了树的热 点 单 词1.He promised that he would solve this problem,but wehavent seen any sign
3、of a good solution so far.2.These tribal people have no faith in our science andtechnology.They are still faithful believers of theirancient religious rituals(仪式)for good luck.3.She said she was thankful for the concerns weshowed about her present condition,but she wanted usto be no more concerned b
4、ecause things wereimproving.4.The major trouble we are in is that the majority of usare badly fed.热 点 单 词5.The refinery exploded and the explosion shook theland where it had been built.6.The president declared that the war had come to anend and Japans declaration of its surrender(投降)tothe Allies wou
5、ld soon come.7.We built this memorial to memorize those whohave died for this nation.8.His mother,rather than his father,is the person whohas influenced him most in his life.She was veryinfluentialinpersuadinghimintotakingupjournalism as his life career.热 点 单 词9.The working class should be united if
6、 they want to bepowerful.And the only way to do this is to buildindependent trade unions(行业工会)10.Wool is still an important material for clothes.Peoplearound the world buy a lot of woolen clothes everyyear.11.Letters are not randomly put together to form words.There are surely rules for word formati
7、on.热 点 单 词根据中文填单词完成句子，每空一词(记忆时，用下列横线上的新单词造句记忆)1.那个担心的市民在文化研究所忠实地听了那个瑞典共和国的皇帝关于考古文明的讲座。The concerned citizen faithfully attended the lectureon archaeological civilization given by the emperor ofthe Swedish Republic at the Cultural Institute.热 点 单 词 2.刚下飞机的总统宣布，为了纪念那些为拯救罗马帝国而在巨大的木制军舰上战斗中死去的士兵们建一座纪念馆。T
8、hepresident who had just got off the airplanedeclared that a memorial should be set up in memoryof the soldiers who died in the fighting on theenormous military wooden battleship to save theRoman Empire.热 点 单 词3.不幸的是，那个有钱主管被埋的尸体在沙尘暴中渐渐地被毁坏了，他曾是考古学家。Unfortunately，the buried body of the wealthydirecto
9、r，the once archaeologist，was graduallydestroyed in the sandstorm.热 点 单 词 4.当时日本主要的机场被炸弹炸毁了，贸易被中断，羊毛商品卖不出去，结果全国处于恶劣的状态之中。At the time the major Japanese airports were explodedby bombs，their trade being interrupted and theirwoolen goods being unable to be sold,resulting in thenations worse condition.热
10、点 单 词5.一个明智的解决办法就是，把漆罐、瓷器、双筒望远镜、有影响力的诗歌、商业文件和材料保存在这个寺庙的作坊中。One of the wise solutions is that we should keep thepainted pots，china，binoculars，influentialpoetry，and commercial documents materials in theworkshops of this temple.热 点 单 词重 点 短 语根据中文写出英文短语1.夺取；接管take over2.处于废墟中，是一片废墟 be in ruins 3.处于良好的状态
11、be in good condition 4.找到的解决方法find a solution to 5.对关心，为担心be concerned about6.实施，执行carry out 7.在船上on board 重 点 短 语8.纪念in memory of 9.使用中in use10.作为回报in return 11.不再no more 12.阻止做preventfrom doing 13.聚焦于focus on 14.导致，通向lead to 15.属于某人自己of ones own1.with复合结构：with 名词 介词短语/v.ed/ving/to do/adj./adv.在句中作
12、状语，也可作定语。2.It is hard to imagine！“很难想象！”结构：It is/was adj./n.to do sth.It为形式主语，不定式短语为真正主语。3.By 27BC,Rome had become“到，已经成为。”句中有by 过去时间状语(从句)时，谓语动词用过去完成时。重 点 句 型.同义转换1.Unfortunately,all the people were buried alive,and sowas the city!Unfortunately,all the people were buried alive,and thecity was burie
13、d alive，too.2.I was too tired to eat anything we were given.I was so tired that I couldnt eat anything that we weregiven.重 点 句 型3.That didnt prevent the city from being buried by sand.That didnt stop the city being buried by sand.4.The heat almost drove me crazy even though I waswearing very thin co
14、tton trousers to keep me cool.The heat almost made me mad even if I was wearingvery thin cotton trousers in order to keep me cool.重 点 句 型5.By 27 BC,Rome had become an empire,whichcontrolled many parts of Europe.By 27 BC,Rome had turned empire.The empirecontrolled many parts of Europe.重 点 句 型.汉译英1.由于
15、首都也已经被敌军占领，这个国家就要承认战败了。(with;admit loss of the war)With the capital city taken over by the enemy,thecountry would soon admit loss of the war.2.随着经济的稳步增长，越来越多的就业岗位(job)也出现了。(with;create)With the economy steadily growing,more and morejobs are created.重 点 句 型3.整个镇子一片狼藉，重建需要至少5年时间。(with;take)With the to
16、wn in a total mess,it will take at least fiveyears to rebuild it.4.到晚上9点的时候，大楼已经完全被烧掉了，只剩下两个大石柱(stone pillar)。(by;burn;with)By 9 pm.,the whole building had been burnt up,with only two big stone pillars remaining/left.重 点 句 型重 点 单 词1、辨析 remain,stay(1)remain与stay表示“留下，继续保持某一状态”时，常作连系动词，可以互换，其后接名词、形容词、
17、介词短语等作表语。(2)当表示“剩下”(即其余的一切都被拿走、除去、破坏等)，通常只用remain而不用stay。(3)当表示“在某处或在某处住下”时，常用stay而不用remain。(4)remains n(常用复数)所剩下的，遗留下的东西重 点 单 词He stayed/remained outside while we entered theroom.他留在外面，我们进了屋子。What remains of the orginal art collection is nowin the city museum.原来的艺术收藏品剩下来的现在都在市博物馆里。He wants to stay_
18、with_a_friend in the country fora week.他想和一个朋友在乡下待一个星期。重 点 单 词The_remains_of_the_meal are in the fridge.剩下的饭菜在冰箱里。With only 20 dollars remaining in his wallet,hecouldnt order even a decent supper.钱包里只剩下20美元了，他连一份像样的晚餐也买不了。重 点 单 词Ladies and gentlemen,please remain _ until the plane has come to a comp
19、lete stop.A.seated B.seatingC.to seat D.seatA 句意：女士们，先生们，请在飞机完全停下来之后再离开座位。考查非谓语动词作表语。remain“仍然是，保持不变”，是连系动词，后接不定式表示将要发生的动作，seat是及物动词，“使某人就座”为seat oneself，故用过去分词作表语。解析重 点 单 词2、protectvt.保护(使不受的影响或破坏)。其常用句型为：protectfrom/against，from/against后接能带来伤害或损害之物。He wore a pair of sunglasses to protect his eyes(
20、from/against)strong light.他戴上太阳镜以保护他的眼睛不受强光影响。In this shelter,the injured birds are_protected_fromhuman hunting.在这个栖身之处，受伤的鸟儿们不会受到人类的猎杀。重 点 单 词At minus 130,a living cell can be _ for athousand years.A.sparedB.protectedC.preservedD.developedC 句意：在-130，一个活细胞可以保存1000年。考查动词词义辨析。A抽出；B保护；C保护，保存；D发展，研制。根据句
21、意选C。解析重 点 单 词3、influencev.影响,感化 n.影响力,感化力,势力,权势,为不可数名词。Dont let me influence_your_decision.不要让我影响你的决定。Listening to the music has a calminginfluence on her.听音乐对她起了一种镇静的作用。重 点 单 词According to Freud,ones childhood experiencewill have_a_huge_influence_on their ideas oflife when they are adults.根据弗洛伊德的说法
22、，一个人年少时的经历会对其成年后的思想产生很大影响。重 点 单 词have a good/badinfluence on/upon/over对有好的/坏的影响under the influence of 受的影响influence sb.(to do sth.)支配/左右某人做某事表示“对有影响”还可以用：affect/influence;haveeffect on/upon但要注意,强调“因果关系”时,用cause and effect。拓展重 点 单 词China has got a good _ for fighting against theflu with its careful a
23、nd smooth organization.A.reputationB.influenceC.impressionD.knowledgeA 句意：在抗击流感中，中国以细心和顺利的组织而获得良好的声誉。考查名词词义辨析。A声誉；B影响；C印象；D知识。注意它们与介词的搭配，havereputation for，have influence on，make an impression on，have a good knowledge of。解析重 点 短 语1、be in use(机器、场所等)在使用中Seriously damaged,the bridge is no longer in us
24、e.因受到严重损坏,这座桥不再使用了。The new version of this dictionary is not in useyet.这本字典的新版本还未通行。重 点 短 语(1)与名词use相关的短语还有：come into use 开始存在;开始被使用be no use(to sb.)/be of no use 无用put sth.to good use 有效使用/利用make use of 利用(2)in+抽象名词构成的短语还有：in turn 轮流地，反过来;in vain徒劳无功地;in addition除此之外;in return作为回报。拓展重 点 短 语The libr
25、ary of our school,which contains books of allkinds from home and abroad,_ for almost 100 years.A.is in useB.has been in useC.in for useD.has been for useB 表示“在使用中”用be in use,根据句中的时间状语for almost 100 years,可知需要用现在完成时态。解析重 点 短 语2、take over接管，接替，接任When she fell ill her daughter took_overthe business fro
26、m her.她生病时她女儿接管了她的生意。Mr.Collins will take over my duties for aweek after I leave.在我离开后柯林斯先生将接替我的工作一个星期。重 点 短 语After the UK ruled Hong Kong for 100 years,China took_over_this_area,_which was alreadyan international financial center.英国统治了香港100年后，中国接管了这个已经成为一个国际金融中心的地区。重 点 短 语与take相关的短语有：take after sb.
27、与某人在性格或相貌上相似 take off 脱去(衣服)；起飞；(理念，产品等)成功 take on 承担(工作、责任等)；呈现；雇佣，聘用 take up 开始从事(某工作或爱好)；占(时间、场所等)take in 吸收；理解；领会；欺骗 take back 收回；退回(事物)拓展重 点 短 语Einstein liked Boses paper so much that he _ hisown work and translated it into German.A.gave offB.turned downC.took overD.set asideD 句意：Einstein非常喜欢Bo
28、se的论文，便把自己的工作置于一旁，把论文翻译成德语。考查动词短语辨析。A发出；B拒绝，调低；C接管；D不顾，把置于一旁。根据句意选D。解析重 点 短 语3、turn to变成(=turn into);转向;翻到;求助于Their amusement turned to horror when theyrealized what had happened.当他们意识到发生了什么事情时，他们的愉悦变成了恐慌。The girl always turns to her mother when introuble.这个女孩遇到困境时，总是向她妈妈求助。重 点 短 语turn 的相关短语：turn on
29、打开，发动turn off关闭，完成turn up出现，调大turn down关小，拒绝turn away拒绝，避开，走开，转身turn in上交，退还，向内拐turn out结果是，制造，向外，驱逐拓展重 点 短 语turn over翻转，仔细考虑，移交turn against背叛，违反，翻脸turn back往回走，翻起，折转turn around/round 转身turn a blind eye to 对熟视无睹turn a deaf ear to置若罔闻turning point转折点，转向处拓展重 点 短 语 What are you reading,Tom?Im not reall
30、y reading,just _ the pages.A.turning offB.turning aroundC.turning overD.turning upC 句意：汤姆，你在读什么？我没在真正地读，只是在随便翻翻。考查动词短语辨析。A关掉；B转变，转身；C翻转，翻身，翻阅；D出现，开大音量。根据句意选C。解析重 点 短 语4、be off to前往They were off to Italy(=leaving for Italy)andwanted to make an early start.他们将前往意大利，并且想要早点出发。重 点 短 语off的相关短语：go off 走开se
31、t off 出发，动身，引起，使发生get off 离开，发出，(使)入睡，匆匆脱下call off 把叫走，取消，转移give off 发出(光、气体等)，放出show off 炫耀break off 中断，停止，断交，脱离拓展重 点 短 语5、run through跑着穿过；(使)在流过；反复练习，复习；匆匆阅读，贯穿于之中；挥霍Run through your notes before class.上课前把笔记复习一下。This theme runs through the whole book.该主题贯穿全书。The heir soon run through his fortune.
32、那个继承人很快就把财产挥霍完了。重 点 短 语get through 完成，到达，接通电话，结束，及格go through 检查，审查，搜查，完成，做完，练习，遭受，经受，经历，穿过，通过see through看破，看穿look through浏览，快速查看拓展重 点 短 语The girl is working very hard，expecting to _the test.A.get throughB.see throughC.look throughD.run throughA 句意：这女孩正在努力学习，希望通过考试。A通过，及格；B看穿；C浏览；D流过，贯穿。根据句意选A。解析重 点
33、 短 语6、prevent sb.from doing sth.(=stop/keep sb.from doing sth.)防止/阻止某人做在主动语态中，prevent/stop sb.from doing 中的from 可以省略，但是在被动语态中不可以省。keep sb.from doing sth.中的from主动、被动语态中都不能省，因为keep sb.doing 意为“使某人不停地做某事”。重 点 短 语The heavy rain prevented/stopped her(from)going out.=The heavy rain kept her from goingout.
34、She was prevented from going out by the heavyrain.大雨阻止了她出去。重 点 短 语As citizens,we should do what we can to prevent ourriver _.A.from pollutedB.from pollutingC.pollutingD.being pollutedD 句意：作为市民，我们应该尽力防止我们的河流被污染。A中from后要加being才对。“河流被污染”表被动，故选D。解析疑 难 句 型By 27 BC,Rome had become an empire,whichcontrolle
35、d many parts of Europe.到公元前27年，罗马已经成为帝国，控制了欧洲的许多地区。句子中有by+过去时间的时间状语以及by the time+过去时的时间状语从句，谓语动词使用过去完成时。By the time he was fourteen,Einstein had learnedadvanced mathematics all by himself.到爱因斯坦14岁时，他已经自学了高等数学。疑 难 句 型When I talked with my grandma on the phone,shesounded weak,but by the time we _ up,her voicehad been full of life.(09北京)A.were hangingB.had hungC.hungD.would hang疑 难 句 型C 句意：当我与奶奶在电话中交谈时，她的声音听起来很虚弱，但到我们挂断电话时，她的声音已经充满了活力。考查动词时态。据题干hervoice had been full of life为过去的过去，因此我们挂断电话为过去的动作。by the time+一般过去时的从句，主句用过去完成时，表示“到时候为止，已经”。解析