1、Section Using language & Writing构词法英语的构词法主要有三种：合成法、转化法和派生法。合成法合成词是由两个或更多的词合成的词。最常见的合成词为合成名词、合成形容词，还有合成副词、合成动词、合成代词等。合成词一般直接连写在一起，也有的合成词之间用连字符“”，还有的由分开的两个词构成。1合成名词构词方式例词名词名词headmaster 校长名词动名词shipbuilding 造船(业)speedreading 快速阅读名词动词er(or)painkiller 止痛药形容词名词highway 公路动词副词gettogether 聚会，联欢会副词动词output 产量u
2、pkeep 保养，维修介词(副词)名词upland 高地，山地upshot 结局分词副词grownup 成年人名词介词lookeron 旁观者passerby 路人动词介词gobetween 中间人，媒人名词介词名词soninlaw 女婿sisterinlaw 嫂子，姑子2.合成形容词构词方式例词形容词名词edwarmhearted 热心肠的coldblooded 冷血的middleaged 中年的barefooted 赤脚的形容词现在分词goodlooking 好看的easygoing 容易相处的形容词过去分词newborn 新生的readymade 现成的副词现在分词hardworking
3、 勤劳的名词现在分词Englishspeaking 说英语的peaceloving 爱好和平的副词过去分词newlybuilt 新建的wellknown 闻名的名词过去分词manmade 人造的heartfelt 由衷的数词名词形容词twelveyearold 十二岁的fivemeterlong 五米长的3.合成副词构词方式例词介词名词underfoot 在脚下beforehand 事先副词名词upstairs 在楼上downstairs 在楼下副词副词however 无论如何，然而，可是代词副词anywhere 任何地方somehow 不知怎么地形容词副词nowhere 没有地方代词名词so
4、meday (今后)有 一天someway 以某种方式副词介词nearby 附近4.合成动词构词方式例词副词动词overthrow 推翻overcome 克服名词动词typewrite 打字sleepwalk 梦游形容词动词broadcast 广播whitewash 粉刷，粉饰5.合成代词构词方式例词代词宾格selfitself 它自身物主代词selfmyself 我自己形容词名词anything 任何东西something 某物，某事6.合成介词构词方式例词副词名词inside 在里面介词副词within 在之内without 没有副词介词into 进入(1)由“可数名词介词(短语)”构成的
5、复合名词变复数时，把前面的名词变复数。*sisterinlawsistersinlaw*passerbypassersby*lookeronlookerson(2)由man和woman构成的合成名词变复数时，两个名词都要变成复数。*a woman teacherwomen teachers*a man doctormen doctors(3)由“名词名词”构成的复合名词，在变复数时，只变化中心名词，而修饰名词不变。*a girlfriendgirlfriends转化法转化即一个单词由一种词性转变为另一种或几种词性。转化词例词动词名词walk v行走walk n散步swim v游泳swim n游
6、泳名词动词表示物体的book n书book v预订ship n船ship v用船运输表示人体部位的hand n手hand v递交head n头head v朝方向名词动词表示一类人的nurse n护士nurse v护理fool n傻子fool v愚弄表示自然现象的rain n雨rain v下雨snow n雪snow v下雪形容词动词dry adj.干的dry v使变干clean adj.干净的clean v把擦干净副词动词out adv.出来out v揭露形容词名词white adj.白色的white n白人native adj.本地的native n本地人特殊转化must v必须must n必
7、须做的事派生法派生即在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来单词意思相近或截然相反的单词。除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意思，不改变词性；后缀一般改变单词的词性，并不引起词义的变化。分类总结例词前缀表示否定意义的前缀表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis， il， im， in，ir， mis， non， un等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear出现disappear消失correct正确的incorrect不正确的legal合法的illegal非法的 lead带领mislead误导stop停下nonstop不停的possible可能的impossible不可
8、能的regular规则的irregular不规则的smoker吸烟的人nonsmoker不吸烟的人usual寻常的unusual不寻常的其他意义的前缀表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a表状态；for，fore先，前，预；inter间，相互；micro微；mid中；mini微型的；re重，再，复；super上，超；tele远距离的sleep睡觉asleep睡着的see看见foresee预见 national国家的international 国际的film影片microfilm 微型胶片 night夜晚midnight午夜bus公交车minibus小型公共汽车write写rewrite重写market
9、市场supermarket超市scope眼界telescope 望远镜续表分类总结例词前缀改变词性的前缀改变词性的前缀有：en，de，be，a，out等。en前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词；de前缀通常加在名词之前构成动词，其意义大多和原名词相反；be前缀通常加在名词或形容词前构成动词；a前缀通常加在名词或描述性动词之前，构成形容词或副词；out前缀通常加在名词之前构成形容词，加在动词之前构成名词。large大的enlarge扩大courage勇气encourage鼓励value价值devalue降低的价值friend朋友befriend与交朋友little小的belittle轻视boar
10、d甲板aboard在船上side旁边aside在旁边door门outdoor户外的break打破outbreak爆发后缀构成名词的后缀构成名词的后缀常用的有ence，ese(表某地人或语言)，er/or/ist(表人)，ess(雌性)，ian(精通的人)，ist(专业人员)，ment，ness(性质；状态)，tion(动作；过程)等absent缺席的absence缺勤China中国Chinese中国人，汉语clean清扫cleaner清洁工visit拜访visitor来访者art艺术artist艺术家agree同意agreement同意kind善良的kindness善良invent发明inve
11、ntion发明构成形容词的后缀构成形容词的后缀常用的有al，able(有能力的)，(a)n(某国的)，en(多用于表示材料的名词后)，ern(方向的)，ese(某国人的)，ful，(ic)al，ish，ive，less (表示否定)，like(像的)，ly，ous，some，y(表示天气)等。nature自然natural自然的reason道理reasonable有道理的America美国American美国的gold金子golden金的east东eastern东方的China中国Chinese中国人的child孩子childish孩子气的snow雪snowy下雪的后缀构成副词的后缀构成副词的
12、后缀常用的有ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)angry生气的angrily生气地to到towards朝，向east东方eastward向东构成动词的后缀构成动词的后缀常用的有(e)n(多用于形容词之后)，fy(使化)，ize(使成为)wide宽的widen加宽beauty美人，美好beautify美化pure纯的purify提纯real真的realize意识到organ器官organize组织 单句语法填空1I cant find my toys anywheretheyve entirely disappeared(appear
13、)2Being unable(able) to afford a proper home after getting married, the couple moved into a mountain cave.3Its a(n) informal(formal) party, so you neednt go home to get changed.4It was impolite(polite) of you to ask him the personal question in front of so many people.5His parents completely misunde
14、rstood(understand) him and criticized(批评) him heavily.6Tom was encouraged(courage) by his father to take part in the singing competition.7On a stormy(storm) night, his son was missing on the way back home.8Their product is friendly(friend) to the environment and popular with customers.9He didnt like
15、 his work; he did it simply(simple) for the money.10Martin was very helpful(help); we couldnt have finished the work on time without him.11Mr.Lee said that the smiles and happiness(happy) of the children gave him great courage every day.12This latest teaching equipment(equip) in our class is said to
16、 have cost a lot of money. 判断下列画线单词的词性和意思1Mary is drawing water from the well and looks quite well第一个well是名词，井；第二个well是形容词，气色好，身体好。2I have booked my ticket and bought three books for my sister. 第一个book是动词，预订；第二个book是名词，书。3My brother is studying for the coming examination in our fathers study第一个study
17、是动词，学习；第二个study是名词，书房。4Lets go out for a walk after supper, but dont walk too fast.第一个walk是名词，散步；第二个walk是动词，走。5Although my new cellphone has many functions,_it doesnt function well.第一个function是名词，功能；第二个function是动词，起作用，运转。讲故事 文体感知故事属于记叙文文体。写作时要注意以下几点：1描述的生动性和准确性记叙文讲述你或者他人经历过的事情。你可以描述一种个人经历，说说什么让你成长，或
18、是谁帮助了你。2六大元素的完整性六大元素：介绍、设定、情节、人物、高潮和结局。介绍：开头。如何设置这个故事？开头会有什么重要信息关联到后续情节？设定：故事发生的背景。它是怎样的一个环境？怎样描述才能让读者身临其境？情节：故事的主体。这个故事为什么值得讲？人物：这个故事描述了怎样的角色？这些角色又演绎了什么样的故事？高潮：一切结束之前的那个悬疑点。你需要考虑的是，接下来发生的事需不需要讲述。结局：所有的事情都结束了。故事的主旨是什么？事物、人物、想法都有了什么样的改变？3观点的鲜明性基本上记叙文都带着作者的观点。在讲故事时，故事得有一个明确的论点。好好思考你想要告诉读者信息。 增分佳句常用开头1
19、It happened.事情发生在2With the coming of., .are eager to express respect and love for.随着的到来，渴望表达对的尊敬和爱戴。3On.I was.as usual. Suddenly, I.在我像往常一样，突然，我4It impressed me most because.它给我留的印象最深，是因为5So it is of great importance for me to show my respect for.所以对于我来说，对表示我的尊敬是很重要的。6On one hand.on the other hand./
20、For one thing.for another.一方面另一方面常用主体1Firstly.and secondly.To make matters worse. As a result.第一第二更糟糕的是结果2At first.and at the same time.At last.首先与此同时最后3It happened.I still remember when.It impressed me most because.它发生在我始终记得当时它留给我的印象最深刻，是因为4As a matter of a fact.事实上常用结尾1Considering all these/Taking
21、 all these into consideration.On one hand.on the other hand.In conclusion.考虑到一方面另一方面总之。2On my way back to.I thought a lot.Moreover/Whats more.If we are always ready to.在我回的路上，我想了很多而且如果我们时刻做好准备去3Considering all these, I believe that.First of all.Furthermore/Besides.Therefore.考虑到我相信首先而且因此 写作要求假设你是新华中学
22、的学生李华，美国留学生Jack正在中国学汉语。他觉得自己的汉语学的很不错了，但仍有些疑惑。听说今天你带他的吃的是“老婆饼”和“叫花鸡”，他觉得很吃惊，吃后却觉得很好吃。请用英语写一则故事叙述今天发生的事。写作要求：1词数80左右。2可以增加细节，以使行文连贯。词汇提示：小吃 snack；老婆饼Wife Cake；叫花鸡Beggars Chicken 审题谋篇项目结论体裁记叙文话题中西文化差异时态一般过去时和一般现在时人称第一人称和第三人称 词句推敲1词汇一说起 speaking_of令人困惑的 confusing反映；思考 reflect干得不错 do_a_good_job实际上 actual
23、ly交换 exchange2句式Jack对理解中国小吃有点困难。普通表达：It is hard for Jack to understand Chinese snacks. 高级表达：Jack_has_some_trouble_understanding_Chinese_snacks.(have trouble doing)他不喜欢一些中国小吃的名字，更不想去品尝它们。普通表达：He doesnt like the names of some Chinese snacks. He doesnt want to eat them, either.高级表达：He doesnt like the n
24、ames of some Chinese snacks.Neither_does_he_want_to_eat_them. (neither引导倒装句)我花了不少时间才说服他尝一尝。普通表达：It took a long time for me to ask him to have a try.高级表达：I_spent_a_long_time_persuading_him_to_have_a_try.(spend time doing和persuade) 妙笔成篇_One possible version：Jack, an American exchange student, is one o
25、f my friends living in China，who can speak Chinese very fluently. And he thought he did a very good job in learning Chinese.But Jack still has some trouble understanding Chinese snacks. He likes Chinese dumplings, in which there are his favourite fillings. He doesnt like the names of some Chinese sn
26、acks. Neither does he want to eat them.One day I bought him some Wife Cakes and a Beggars Chicken which really surprised him. He thought I was joking. I spent a long time persuading him to have a try.After eating，he fell in love with them.I like these names of Chinese snacks，which reflect the wisdom
27、 of Chinese people. 单句语法填空1He had misread(read) a road sign and taken the wrong way.2It is hoped that natural(nature) resources will be found on Mars.3He was one of the greatest thinkers(think) and had a great effect on Chinese culture.4We hope these lovely children grow happily and healthily(health
28、) every day. 5On New Years Day, we visited every neighbor in the village and were greeted warmly(warm) at each house.6Many accidents are caused by some drivers carelessness(careless)7After a long discussion(discuss) with her father, she decided not to take the job.8The boy didnt pass the entrance ex
29、amination, so his parents were unhappy(happy) about the result.9The Great Wall in China left a deep impression(impress) on the people all over the world.10Father looked at the result of his sons examination with satisfaction(satisfy) and pride. 阅读理解We do not usually think about how our language work
30、s.Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.When we do study our language, though, we are often surprised that we are able to understand our conversations.Words can mean so many different things.However, it turns out that the speaking si
31、tuation helps a lot in making language work.First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular.For example, the word “dog” can describe a dog that a speaker saw in a dream.It can also be used to discuss a neighbors dog.No language has a separate word for the idea “dog that I saw yesterda
32、y” and another word for the idea “dog that I saw in a dream”. This is because the speaking situation makes it clear what speakers mean when they use words.So, when you have a conversation with your friend, the knowledge that your neighbor has a dog tells your friend what the word “dog” probably mean
33、s in that situation.The speaking situation also helps make language clearer.For example, the word “bank” has two possible meanings.It can mean “a place where people keep money”， but it can also mean “the side of a river”. So the sentence “I went to the bank” is not clear.It could mean “I went to the
34、 side of a river” or it could mean “I went to the place where my money is kept”. However, if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the mountains, others probably know that “bank” means “the side of a river”The things that speakers say may not always be clear.Sometimes the words are not ve
35、ry particular, but the speaking situation can provide the meaning.Other times words may have many meanings.Then the speaking situation limits the right meaning.This extra knowledge from the situation is very important to understand language.【解题导语】本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。1The passage is mainly about _Ath
36、e best time and place to talk to others Bhow speaking situation helps language work Cwhat to say in difficult situationsDhow our language worksB解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用，故选B。2According to the passage, we can safely say that _Aa speaking situation does not affect the meaning of wordsBspeaking is n
37、ot very natural for most people Ca speaking situation is not important Dpeople often do not consider how talking works D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.”可知，选
38、D。3By using the example of the word “dog”， the writer wants to show that _Aa word may need to be explained in a conversationBa word may have different meaningsCspeaking situation helps people understand the particular meaning of a wordDthe meaning of words is not particularC解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句话“First
39、, the speaking situation helps make words more particular.”和下文的“For example.”可知，下文正是用“dog”一词举例来论证第二段的第一句话，故选C。4According to the passage, we can know the meaning of the word “bank” by referring to _Athe time and the place where the conversation happensBthe occupation of the person who uses the wordCe
40、arlier or later parts of the conversationDa reliable dictionaryC解析：细节理解题。根据第三段所讲，作者用“bank”一词举例说明对话中这个词之前或之后的部分决定了这个词的具体含义，故选C。 语法填空(2019辽宁实验中学高一期末)Keeping a diary in English is one of the most 1._(effect) ways to improve our English writing ability.2_(compare) with other forms of writing, it is shor
41、ter and takes 3._(little) time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. If we persist in this practice, gradually we 4._(learn) how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many 5._(difficult). In the first place, it often happen
42、s that we have difficulty 6._(find) proper words and phrases to express our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is 7._(extreme) hard for us to put them into English properly.As far as Im concerned, my suggestion is 8._ we should always have a notebook an
43、d a ChineseEnglish dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher 9._ help, if necessary. In 10._ word, I believe that it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the d
44、evelopment of our writing skills.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了用英语记日记是提高我们英语写作能力的最有效的方法之一。1effective解析：考查形容词。修饰名词ways应用形容词，effective意为“有效的”。2Compared解析：考查过去分词作状语。句意：与其他形式的写作相比，它更短，花的时间更少。本句中主语it指的是Keeping a diary in English(用英语记日记)，和compare之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词作状语，compared with.意为“与相比较”。3less解析：考查形容词比较级。根据句意及and前的shor
45、ter可知本空应用比较级形式，形容词little的比较级为less。4will learn解析：考查时态。句意：如果我们坚持这种做法，我们将逐渐地学会用英语表达自己。if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，主句应用一般将来时。5difficulties解析：考查名词复数。句意：在用英语记日记的过程中，我们肯定会遇到许多困难。形容词many修饰可数名词复数，故本空应用名词复数difficulties。6finding解析：考查动名词作宾语。句意：首先，我们很难找到合适的单词或短语来表达我们的想法的事情时有发生。have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”
46、，故本空应用动名词形式作宾语。7extremely解析：考查副词。句意：并且我们很难恰当地把它们翻译成英语。修饰形容词hard应用副词extremely。8that解析：考查表语从句。句意：就我而言，我的建议是我们应该手边经常有一本笔记本和一本汉英词典。本句中 8._ we should always have a notebook and a ChineseEnglish dictionary within easy reach.为表语从句，从句中不缺成分，故应用that引导表语从句。9for解析：考查介词。句意：如果有必要的话，我们也可以向我们的英语老师寻求帮助。turn to sb.fo
47、r help意为“向某人寻求帮助”，故本空应用介词for。10a解析：考查冠词。句意：总之，我相信用英语写日记对我们的写作能力的发展有很大的帮助。in a word意为“总之”，故本空应用不定冠词a。 应用文写作假设你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，你校拟举办主题为“英语学习”的讲座。请你根据所给要点，代表学生会以短文形式写一则英文海报。要点：时间：下周二下午2：004：00地点：学校礼堂内容：1.英语学习经验与方法介绍；2就英语学习中的困惑进行现场答疑。注意：1.词数80左右；2海报应含所有信息，可适当增加细节。参考词汇：讲座lecture_One possible version：A Lec
48、ture on English LearningWant to improve your English? Come and join us!A lecture on “English learning” is to be held in our school hall from 2：00 to 4：00 next Tuesday afternoon. The lecturer will share his learning experience with us. In addition, he will introduce some methods of learning English.
49、After the lecture, you can ask him for advice on any problems you have while learning English.Youll learn a great deal from this lecture!Students Union 读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。That first afternoon, when I came downstairs from my classroom and put my hand in my mailbox, I got a sinking feel
50、ing in my stomach. The check I expected and badly needed wasnt there.When I asked the school secretary what happened, she informed me that the teachers werent paid until the end of the month. This was a problem. I had only four dollars left, and the end of the month was a whole month away.My first t
51、eaching experience had been in a small school in Missouri, where the teachers always received the first months check the first day of school. Now, here in the big St. Louis Public School System, I found things worked differently.What to do? I had come into St. Louis two weeks before as required for
52、all new teachers to prepare their lessons and had spent my little reserve. Now with the four dollars I couldnt even pay for my cheap motel room that night, much less buy dinner and gasoline.I had my trumpet(小号) in the car, as I played the trumpet and a little piano. So I did something most musicians
53、 have done at one time or another. I decided to pawn(典当) my trumpet.I drove downtown to an unpleasant area where the pawn shops and cheap bars were. I pawned my trumpet for fifteen dollars, and now I had enough money to get_through the night and the next day of school, but then what?There was a litt
54、le bar nearby. I walked in and ordered a thirtycent beer. I was the only customer. I sat there sipping my beer and trying to think my way out of this problem“You look like you lost your last friend, Son，”said the owner of the bar.“Whats the matter？”His name was Charlie,_and he was a pleasant man abo
55、ut 60, which seemed quite old to me at the time. I was about 24.I told him what had happened and about pawning my trumpet. Then I stared at the old piano I had seen as I came in the door.注意：1所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；2至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1： “Play the p
56、iano, too, do you？”asked Charlie. _Paragraph 2：When, after a month, I finally got paid, I went back to the bar._One possible version：Paragraph 1：“Play the piano, too, do you？”asked Charlie. Wearing a pleasant smile on his face, he said，“Perhaps it can help you get_through the trouble.”I felt my eyes
57、 light up at the invitation.“Really？”A feeling of hesitation, however, fell upon me. Finding the anxiety in my eyes, Charlie put his hands on my shoulder, encouraging me to give it a try. When I finished a piece, he applauded.“No problem at all！”Since then, I would often spend time in the bar and ma
58、ke the most relaxing time. Though there was usually no customer at all, Charlie was invariably my royal listener.Paragraph 2：When, after a month, I finally got paid, I went back to the bar. With great gratitude towards Charlie, I knocked at the door. However, no one came to answer the door. Then it
59、confused me that the door was not locked and there was nothing inside except the old piano. A piece of paper on it drew my attention. I learnt from the letter that Charlie had been to California and would never come back. But what impressed me most was the last line and it remains my motto. It reads
60、，“God never takes your hope away.”飘是美国女作家玛格丽特米切尔十年磨一剑的作品，也是其唯一的作品。作品刻画了那个时代的许多美国南方人的形象，成功地再现了林肯领导的南北战争和美国南方地区的社会生活。词句积累1educational/edukeInl/adj.教育的；有教育意义的2comprehend/kmprIhend/vt.理解3exaggerated/IzdreItId/adj.夸张的，言过其实的4mount/mant/v.登上；骑上5If the educational equipment which Gerald brought to America w
61、as scant, he did not even know it.分析：该句含有if引导的条件状语从句，其中which引导的定语从句修饰先行词equipment。Gone with the Wind(excerpt)If the educational equipment which Gerald brought to America was scant, he did not even know it. Nor would he have cared if he had been told. His mother had taught him to read and to write in
62、 a clear hand. He was adept at ciphering. And there his book knowledge stopped. The only Latin he knew was the responses of the Mass and the only history the manifold wrongs of Ireland. He knew no poetry save that of Moore and no music except the songs of Ireland that had come down through the years
63、. While he entertained the liveliest respect for those who had more book learning than he, he never felt his own lack. And what need had he of these things in a new country where the most ignorant of bogtrotters had made great fortunes in this country which asked only that a man be strong and unafra
64、id of work?He liked the South，and he soon became, in his own opinion, a Southerner. There was much about the Southand Southernersthat he would never comprehend; but, with the wholeheartedness that was his nature, he adopted its ideas and customs, as he understood them, for his ownpoker and horse rac
65、ing, redhot politics and the code duello, States Rights and damnation to all Yankees, slavery and King Cotton, contempt for white trash and exaggerated courtesy to women. He even learned to chew tobacco. There was no need for him to acquire a good head for whisky; he had been born with one.But Geral
66、d remained Gerald. His habits of living and his ideas changed, but his manners he would not change, even had he been able to change them. He admired the drawling elegance of the wealthy rice and cotton planters, who rode into Savannah from their mosshung kingdoms, mounted on thoroughbred horses and
67、followed by the carriages of their equally elegant ladies and the wagons of their slaves.飘(节选)到美国来之前，杰拉尔德没有受过多少教育，可是他对此并不怎么有自知之明。其实，即使别人给他指出，他也不会在意。他母亲教过他读书写字。他很善于做算术题。他的书本知识就只有这些。他唯一懂得的拉丁文是做弥撒时应答牧师的用语，唯一的历史知识则是爱尔兰的种种冤屈。他在诗歌方面，只知道穆尔的作品，音乐则限于历代流传下来的爱尔兰歌曲。他尽管对那些比他有学问的人怀有敬意，可是从来也没感觉到自己的缺陷。而且，在一个新的国家，在一
68、个连那些最愚昧的爱尔兰人也在此发了大财的国家，在一个只要求你强壮不怕干活的国家，他需要这些东西干什么呢？他喜欢南方，并且自己以为自己很快就成了南方人。的确，关于南方和南方人，有许多东西是他永远也不会理解的。不过，南方人的有些思想习惯，如玩扑克、赛马、争论政治和举行决斗、争取州权和咒骂北方佬、维护奴隶制和棉花至上主义、轻视下流白人和过分讨好妇女等，他一旦理解便全心全意地接受，并且使它们成为他自己的。他甚至学会了咀嚼烟叶。至于喝威士忌的本领，他生来就已经具备，那是不用学的。然而，杰拉尔德还是杰拉尔德。他的生活习惯和思想变了，但他不愿改变自己的态度，即使他能够改变。他羡慕那些种稻米和棉花的富裕种植园主，羡慕他们慢条斯理、温文尔雅地骑着纯种马，后面是载着他们文质彬彬的太太们的马车和载着奴隶们的大车，从他们的古旧王国向萨凡纳迤逦而来。
