1、必修5 Unit1 Great scientists 单元题目步骤（过程）形式（题型）Unit 1Great scientists 单元词汇总识单词测写单元语法测试单项选择单元语篇回顾语法填空单元综合能力检测完形填空阅读理解书面表达一单元词汇总识(单词测写)1.characteristic n. _2.radium n. _3.painter n. _4.put forward _5.scientific adj. _6.conclude vt. & vi. _7.conclusion n. _8.draw a conclusion _9.analyse vt. _10.infect vt.
2、_11.infections adj. _12.cholera n. _13.defeat vt. n . _14.expert adj. n_15.attend vt. _16.physician n. _17.expose vt. _18.exposeto _19.deadly adj. _20.cure n. vt. _21.outbreak n. _22.challenge n. vt. _23.victim n. _24.absorb vt. _25.suspect vt. n. _26.enquiry n. _27.neighbourhood n. _28.severe adj.
3、_29.clue adj. _30.pump n. vt. _31.Cambridge _32.foresee vt. _33.investigate vt. & vi. _34. investigation n. _35.blame vt. n_36.pollute vt. _37.handle n. vt _ 38.germ n. _39.link vt. & n. _40.linkto _41.announce vt. _42.certainty n. _43.instruct vt. _44.responsible adj. _45.construct vt. _46.construc
4、tion n. _47.contribute vt. & vi. _48.apart from _49.firework n. _50.chart n. _51.creative adj. _52.co-operative adj. _53.positive adj. _54.（be）strict with_55.Nicolaus Copernicus _56.revolutionary adj. _57.movement n. _58.make sense _59.backward adv. & adj. _60.loop n. _ 61.privately adv. _62.spin vi
5、. & vt_ 63.brightness n. _64.enthusiastic adj. _65.cautious adj. _66.reject vt. _67.universe n. _49、overcoat n. _50、teenager n. _51、get along with _52、gossip vi. & n. _53、fall in love _54、exactly adv. _55、disagree vi. _56、grateful adj. _57、dislike n. & vt. _58、join in _59、tip n. vt. _60、secondly adv
6、. _61、swap vt. _62、item n. _二单元语法测试(单项选择)1_ to train his daughter in English, he put an ad like this in the paper, “_， an English teacher for a tenyearold girl.”ADetermined; wantedBDetermined; wantingCDetermine; wantedDDetermining; wanting2_ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely d
7、ifferent word order.ATranslatingBTranslatedCTo translateDHaving translated3_ more attention, the trees could have grown better.AGivenBTo giveCGivingDHaving given4（2015江苏）Much time _sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.Abeing spentBhaving spentCspentDspending5 -
8、 How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? - The key _ the problem is to meet the demand_ by the customers.Ato solving; makingBto solve; makingCto solving; madeDto solve; made6The disk ,digitally _in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that nightArecordedBre
9、cordingCto be recordedDhaving recorded7(2016北京)_ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.AOrderingBTo orderCHaving orderedDOrdered8_more time, hell make a first-class tennis player.AHaving givenBTo giveCGivingDGiven9To learn English well, we should find chances to hear English
10、 _ as much as we can.AspeakBspeakingCspokenDto speak10When _ to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nervous or anxious.AexposeBexposedCto exposeDexposing三单元语篇回顾(语法填空)John Snow，a well-known doctor in London，became 1._(inspire)when he thought about helping ordinary people
11、 who 2._(expose) to cholera，a 3._(dead)disease of his day.Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak 4._ no one knew the cause of it.John wanted to help solve 5._ problem.He got interested in two theories 6._ (explain) how cholera killed people.He believed in the second theory 7.
12、_ suggested that people absorbed the disease with their meals.In 1854，8._ another outbreak hit London，he was ready to test the two theories. 9._ the help of the map 10._ made，he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was to blame.四综合能力检测(完形填空、阅读理解和
13、书面表达)1.【完形填空】Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 1 of the facts he observes. He doesnt accept ideas which are not 2 on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only 3 for truth. He
14、 always checks ideas 4 and makes experiments to prove them.The rise of modem science may perhaps be considered to 5 as far hack as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford，who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to 6 that we should
15、learn science 7 observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 8 many important truths.Galileo (1564 - 1642)， 9 , who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important 10 could be d
16、iscovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies 11 more rapidly towards the earth than small ones, 12 Aristotle said so. But Galileo，going to the 13 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 14 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileos 15 of g
17、oing direct to nature, and proving our 16 and theories by experiment, that has 17 all the discoveries of modem science.What 18 those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we know clearly that 19 scientists are those whose observations have 20 better results.1AuseBsenseCspeedDtrust2Are
18、liedBbasedCinsistedDcentered3AreasonsBcausesCadviceDresult4AcasuallyBcarefullyCquicklyDprivately5AdateBkeepClookDcome6AcommandBsuspectCsuggestDconclude7AinBwithConDby8AbroughtBdiscoveredChandledDannounced9AhoweverBthereforeCseldomDnever10AtruthsBproblemsCinvestigationsDsubjects11AthrewBfellCranDroll
19、ed12AalthoughBbecauseCwhenDif13AplaceBfootCtopDceiling14AbigBsmallCsimilarDunequal15AspiritBskillCtheoryDwish16AplansBopinionsCworldDability17Aled toBturned toCset upDput forward18AmakesBpreventsCconsidersDpromises19AreasonableBsuccessfulCexpertDsensitive20AforeseenBrejectedCproducedDchallenged2.【阅读
20、理解】Hawking died early Wednesday at his home in England at the age of 76. Throughout his career as one of the worlds most recognizable cosmic thinkers, he regularly threw himself into pop cultures comedic ring with cameos（客串）on programs such as The Simpsons and Late Night with Conan OBrien.These appe
21、arances defined Hawkings personal life as mush as his universe-shaking theoretical work. Humor, however, was not just one side of his personality, but a key to overcoming the disease he struggled against since 1963.“Keeping an active mind has been vital to my survival, as has maintaining a sense of
22、humor,” Hawking said in a 2013 documentary. “I am probably better known for my appearances on The Simpsons and on The Big Bang Theory than I am for my scientific discoveries.”At 21, Hawking was diagnosed with a condition similar to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis（肌萎缩性侧索硬化症）, also known as Lou Gehrigs
23、disease. According to the ALS Association, “Half of all people affected with ALS live at most three or more years after diagnosis. Twenty percent live five years or more; only ten percent will live more than ten years.”The disease would eventually shut down Hawkings motor functions, making him speec
24、hless and unable to move without a wheelchair. Doctors initially said he would be dead in two years. His condition, however, proved to be a rate slow-acting version.But Hawking fought through his worse physical state, rising to a position as a celebrated professor of mathematical at the University o
25、f Cambridge and altering the popular conception of physics with his 1988 bestseller, A Brief History of Time.“When I turned 21, my expectations were reduced to zero,” he said in a TV show. He added, “It was important that I came to appreciate what I did have. Its also important not become angry, no
26、matter how difficult life is, because you can lose all hope if you cant laugh at yourself and at life in general.”21What was Hawking like according to the text?AHe was kind and brave.BHe was friendly and adventurous.CHe was humorous and strong-minded.DHe was shy and uncommunicative.22How did Hawking
27、 deal with ALS?AHe did further research into the disease.BHe kept a positive attitude towards his disease.CHe did more exercise and spoke a lot with others.DHe went to hospital to have a health check regularly.23What can be learnt from the story of Hawking?ALaughter is the best medicine.BLost time i
28、s never found again.CEverything comes to him who waits.DA journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.24What can we know from the text?AALS is a common disease in England.BDoctors once abandoned treatment for Hawking.CPlaying roles in comedy was Hawkings favorite.DIts almost a wonder that
29、Hawking can survive the disease.3.【书面表达】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你学校举行“学习抗疫英雄钟南山”的征文活动，请你根据以下要点介绍钟南山。钟南山于1941年出生在广州，毕业于北京医学院，并于1979年出国进修，是中国最著名的科学家和医生之一。2003年奋战在抗击非典第一线，2020年初，84岁高龄的他，再战武汉新型肺炎防疫最前线。他是病人眼中的爱心医生，学生眼里的慈爱老师，经常激励学生要献身医学事业。_答案一单元词汇总识(单词测写)1.characteristic n. 特征；特性2.radium n. 镭3.painter n. 画家；油漆匠4.p
30、ut forward 提出5.scientific adj. 科学的6.conclude vt. & vi. 结束；推断出7.conclusion n. 结论；结束8.draw a conclusion 提出结论9.analyse vt. 分析10.infect vt. 传染；感染11.infections adj. 传染的12.cholera n. 霍乱13.defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫n. 失败14.expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n.专家；行家15.attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加16.physician n. 医生；内科医师17.expose v
31、t. 暴露；揭露；使曝光18.exposeto 使显露；暴露19.deadly adj. 致命的20.cure n. 治愈；痊愈vt. 治愈；治疗21.outbreak n. 爆发；发作（尤指疾病或战争）22.challenge n. 挑战vt. 向挑战23.victim n. 受害者24.absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心25.suspect vt. 怀疑n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯26.enquiry n. 询问27.neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近28.severe adj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的29.clue adj. 线索；提示30.pump n. 泵；抽水机vt. （
32、用泵）抽（水）31.Cambridge 剑桥大街32.foresee vt. 预见；预知33.investigate vt. & vi. 调查34. investigation n. 调查35.blame vt. 责备；谴责n.过失；责备36.pollute vt. 污染；弄脏37.handle n. 柄；把手vt. 处理；操纵38.germ n. 微生物；细菌39.link vt. & n. 连接；联系40.linkto 将和联系或连接起来41.announce vt. 宣布；通知42.certainty n. 确信；确实43.instruct vt. 命令；指示；教导44.responsi
33、ble adj. 有责任的；负责的45.construct vt. 建设；修建46.construction n. 建设；建筑物47.contribute vt. & vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助48.apart from 除之外；此外49.firework n. 烟火（燃放）50.chart n. 图表51.creative adj. 有创造力的；创造性的；独创的52.co-operative adj. 合作的53.positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的54.（be）strict with 对严格的55.Nicolaus Copernicus 尼古拉哥白尼（波兰天文学家）56.rev
34、olutionary adj. 革命的；重大变革的57.movement n. 移动；运动；动作58.make sense 讲得通；有意义59.backward adv. & adj. 向后地（的）；相反地（的）；退步地（的）60.loop n. 圈；环61.privately adv. 私下地；秘密地62.spin vi. & vt. (使)旋转；纺（线或纱）63.brightness n. 明亮；亮度；聪颖64.enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的65.cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的66.reject vt. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃67.universe n. 宇宙；
35、世界二单元语法测试(单项选择)1A【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：决心训练女儿的英语，他在报纸上登了这样的广告，招聘一个十岁女孩的英语老师。determined在此是过去分词作状语，(be) determined to do sth.决定做某事；wanted是招聘广告开头的固定用语，意为“招聘”。逻辑主语English teacher，是被需要的，所以用过去分词，故选A。2B【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被译为英语，句子被发现有一个完全不一样的句序。在同主语的主从复合句中，当从句的主语和谓语是主动关系，用现在分词表示主动关系，当从句的主语和谓语是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动。句中逻辑主语the
36、sentence与translate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故选B。3A【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果给以更多的关注，树会长的更好。give attention to sth“给足够的关注”，the trees和give是被动的关系，所以用过去分词，故选A项。4C【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：办公室工作人员坐在办公桌前的时间长，通常都会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C项。【点睛】考生要抓住非谓语动词考点做题重要原则：非谓语动词作状语，其逻
37、辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。5C【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你如何处理公司和客户之间的分歧? 问题的关键是要满足顾客的需求。the key to 意为“的关键”，其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，若后接动词要用动名词。句中名词 demand 与 make 是被动关系(make demands 提出要求)，同时根据句中的 by the customers可知用过去分词，故选C。6A【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个在录音棚录制的磁盘在那晚的聚会上
38、听起来非常棒。句中逻辑主语为the disk，与record之间的关系为被动关系，故用过去分词，选A。7D【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能送到。books和order是动宾关系，即order the books/the books are ordered，故用过去分词表示被动和完成，在此相当于原因状语从句because they were ordered.，故选D。【点睛】分词作状语1. 分词作时间状语相当于when引导的时间状语从句；on doing sth. =as soon as sb. does sth.。2. 分词作原因状语相当于as，si
39、nce，because引导的原因状语从句。3. 分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但是可以改写成并列句。4. 分词作条件状语相当于if, unless等引导的从句。常见的可表示条件的分词有given, supposing, considering, provided, compared with等。5. 分词作结果状语相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus，thereby，only等。6. 分词作让步状语相当于though或者even if等引导的让步状语从句。8D【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果被给更多时间，他将成为一流的网球运动员。动词give和句子主语he
40、是逻辑上的动宾关系，要使用动词的过去分词形式做状语。故选D。9C【解析】考查过去分词。句意：为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽可能多地听英语口语。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语should find且无连词，此处动词用非谓语形式，名词English和动词 speak是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选C项。 10B【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当面临危险和争端的时候，人往往会血压增高，感到焦虑和紧张。分析句子可知，expose在句中作非谓语，Men与expose构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词表示，故选B。三单元语篇回顾(语法填空)【答案】1.inspired2.were exposed3
41、.deadly4because5.the6.explaining7.that 8when9.With10.he四综合能力检测(完形填空、阅读理解和书面表达)1.【完形填空】【答案】1A2B3A4B5A6C7D8B9A10A11B12B13C14D15A16B17A18A19B20C【分析】本文为议论文。一个科学家应该是一个很好的观察者，不能盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。1考查名词辨析。A. use使用；B. sense意识；C. speed速度；D. trust信任。根据语境可知此处是make full use of“充分利用，充分使用”这一固定词组。故A选项正确。2
42、考查动词辨析。A. relied依靠；B. based基于；C. insisted坚持；D. centered集中。根据该空前的“He doesnt accept ideas”和后面的“on obvious facts”可知，此处是be based on这个固定词组，表示“以为基础，基于”。故B选项正确。3考查名词辨析。句意：为了真相，他因此拒绝接受权威作为唯一的理由。结合下文“他总是自己观察做实验去证实。A. reasons理由；B. causes起因；C. advice建议；D. result结果。故A选项正确。4考查副词辨析。A. casually随便地；B. carefully仔细地；
43、C. quickly迅速地；D. privately私下地。结合语境 He always checks ideas和后面的and does experiments to prove them可知，此处表示仔细地核查想法。故B选项正确。5考查动词辨析。A. date back追溯到；B. keep back阻止；C. look back回顾；D. come back回来。由下文的“the years 1214 and 1292”可知，现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。故A选项正确。6考查动词辨析。A. command命令；B. suspect怀疑；C. suggest建议；D. conclud
44、e推断。根据空后的内容可知，这里应是Roger Bacon提出的建议。故B选项正确。故C选项正确。7考查介词辨析。A. in在中；B. with随着；C. on在上；D. by通过。根据后面的“observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知，此处表示通过观察我们周围的事物并做实验。故D选项正确。8考查动词辨析。A. brought；B. discovered；C. handled；D. announced。结合空后的“many important truths”可知，他本人发现了很多重要的真理。故B选项正确。9考查副词辨析。A. h
45、owever然而；B. therefore所以；C. seldom很少；D. never从不。上文说Roger Bacon也许是中世纪第一个建议通过观察和实验的方式来学习科学，此处表示转折，然而，伽利略是几个伟大的人物中最伟大的一个。故A选项正确。10考查名词辨析。A. truths事实；B. problems问题；C. investigations调查；D. subjects主题。由空后的“could be discovered by observation”可知，很多真理可以通过观察而被发现。truth“事实，真理”。上文中的many important truths也是提示。故A选项正确
46、。11考查动词辨析。A. threw扔；B. fell落下；C. ran跑；D. rolled滚动。根据下文中的let fall可知，空处应选fell。故B选项正确。12考查连词辨析。A. although虽然；B. because因为；C. when当的时候；D. if如果。根据“Aristotle said so”的意思可知，这里表示因为亚里士多德是这样说的。故B选项正确。13考查名词辨析。A. place地方；B. foot脚下；C. top顶部；D. ceiling天花板。结合空后的“of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two _14_ sto
47、nes”可知，伽利略跑到了比萨斜塔的塔顶。故C选项正确。14考查形容词辨析。A. big大的；B. small小的；C. similar相似的；D. unequal不均等的。根据前文和后面的“stones and proved Aristotle was wrong”可知，此处表示使用了两块不同重量的石头，因此选unequal“不相等的”。故D选项正确。15考查名词辨析。A. spirit精神；B. skill技能；C. theory理论；D. wish愿望。由后面的“of going direct to nature”可知，此处表示科学精神（sprint）。故A选项正确。16考查名词辨析。A
48、. plans计划；B. opinions观点；C. world世界；D. ability能力。与后面“and theories by experiment”中的theories呼应，此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点和理论。故B选项正确。17考查动词辨析。A. led to导致；B. turned to转向；C. set up建立；D. put forward提出。这里是说正是伽利略的这种精神使得现代科学能有所发现。结合语境。故A选项正确。18考查动词辨析。A. makes使得；B. prevents阻止；C. considers考虑；D. promises许诺。结合下文中的“scientist
49、s are those.”可知，此处是说“什么使这些人成为好的科学家”。故A选项正确。19考查形容词辨析。A. reasonable理智的；B. successful成功的；C. expert熟练的；D. sensitive敏感的。结合上文中所举的例子我们可以清楚地知道，成功的（successful）科学家是那些的人。故B选项正确。20考查动词辨析。A. foreseen预见；B. rejected拒绝；C. produced生产；D. challenged挑战。根据语境，此处指那些科学家们的观察得出了更好的结果。故C选项正确。2.【阅读理解】【答案】21C22B23A24D【分析】本文是记叙
50、文。主要讲了霍金被确诊为肌萎缩性侧索硬化症后，是如何积极面对，最终创造奇迹的。21推理判断题 根据第二段第二句Humor, however, was not just one side of his personality, but a key to overcoming the disease he struggled against since 1963.可知霍金是一个幽默的人，而且从1963年就开始与疾病作斗争。所以说霍金是一个幽默而又意志坚定的人，故选C。22 推理判断题 根据第六段But Hawking fought through his worse physical state,
51、 rising to a position as a celebrated professor of mathematical at the University of Cambridge and altering the popular conception of physics with his 1988 bestseller, A Brief History of Time.(但霍金克服了他糟糕的身体状况，在剑桥大学担任著名的数学教授，并以1988年的畅销书，即一部简短的历史，改变了物理学的流行概念)可知霍金克服身体状况，最后成为著名的数学教授。所以说他对自己的病保持着积极的态度。故选B
52、。23推理判断题 从最后一段“It was important that I came to appreciate what I did have. Its also important not become angry, no matter how difficult life is, because you can lose all hope if you cant laugh at yourself and at life in general.(重要的是，我欣赏我所拥有的。 同样重要的是，不要生气，无论生活多么艰难，因为如果你不能嘲笑自己和整个生活，你就会失去所有的希望)”可知霍金以积
53、极的心态对待自己的疾病，最终改变肌萎缩性侧索硬化症不可战胜的说法，所以我们可以推断出微笑是治病的良药，故选A。24推理判断题 根据第四段According to the ALS Association, “Half of all people affected with ALS live at most three or more years after diagnosis. Twenty percent live five years or more; only ten percent will live more than ten years.”可知确诊为肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的病人最多活三年
54、或者三年多点；20的人能活五年或者更长；只有10的人能活十年以上。霍金能活到76岁确实是一个奇迹，故选D。3.【书面表达】【参考范文】【参考范文】Dear Jim,ZhongNanshan is oneofthepremiermedicalscientistsin the21stcentury.Bornin1941andgraduatedfromBeijingMedicalCollege,thisordinarybutgreatmanhasbeenworkinginthemedicalfieldforover50years.Inthespringof2003,theSARSepidemicbr
55、okeoutinChinaandacrosstheglobe.ZhongNanshannotonlyledbutalsotookanactivepartinthebattleagainstSARS.AtthattimenoonereallyknewmuchaboutSARSandmostpeoplehadnonaturaldefensesagainstthedisease.Dangerousasitwas,ZhongNanshan worked harddayandnighttreatingSARSpatients.Throughtheirhardworkforseveralmonths,so
56、ontheSARSepidemicwasstoppedinits track. Now in 2020, ZhongNanshan aged 83, as headofahigh-levelexpertteam, is fihgting against thenovelcoronavirus（冠状病毒), apneumonia（肺炎)outbreakinWuhan,Hubeiprovince. ZhongNanshan is devoted to the medical cause. Heisagooddoctorinthepatientseyesandakindmedicalprofessorinhisstudentsaswell. He set so good an example for us students that we all should learn from him.Yours,Li Hua
