1、WORDS & EXPRESSIONSgrasp【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳grasp的意思及用法。1. They failed to grasp the importance of his words.2. A short opening paragraph helps the reader to grasp what the article is about.3. Alan grasped the handle and pulled it.4. She grasped any opportunity to improve her English.5. Steve has a goo
2、d grasp of the European legal system.6. Luke took her arm in a firm grasp and led her through the gate.【自我归纳】grasp既可作动词也可作名词。作动词时，意为：_（其后可接名词或从句）（句1、句2）；抓牢，抓紧（句3）；急忙抓住，毫不犹豫地抓住（机会）（句4）。作名词时，意为：理解（力），领会（常用短语：a good grasp of sth.）（句5）；紧抓，紧握，控制（句6）。【拓展】常见的含grasp的短语还有：grasp at尽力抓住within sb.s grasp为某人力所能及
3、的，为某人所能理解的beyond sb.s grasp为某人力所不能及的，为某人所不能理解的【即学即练】翻译下面句子。1. 我抓住了去国外工作的机会。_ 2. 安弄不明白该如何去做。_3. 吉姆热情地抓住我的手握了起来。_4. 她有把握获得成功。_5. 这个男孩德语语法掌握得很好。_turn over【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着选出turn over在下面各句中的意思。( ) 1. Hell turn the shop over to his son when he retires. ( ) 2. The car struck the wall and turned over.( ) 3.
4、 The nurse turned the old man over to wash his back.( ) 4. Turn over and look at the next page.( ) 5. Within ten years the theme park was turning over 20 million.( ) 6. Even when she didnt say anything you could see her turning things over in her mind.A. 移交，交给 B. （买卖商品）营业额达到，（货物）周转 C. 反转，（使）翻身 D. 翻倒
5、，撞翻 E. 翻页，翻到 F. 认真思考，深思熟虑 【拓展】常见的含turn的短语还有：turn to向求助turn out出席（某项活动）；结果是，证明是 turn down拒绝；把调低，关小turn up被找到，被发现；开大，调高（音量、热量等）【即学即练】用含turn的短语的正确形式填空。1. The missing letter eventually _ inside a book. 2. Lucy _ a page or two, but was not interested.3. Henry wanted to help her, but she _ his offer.4. Th
6、ey always _ their father when they are in trouble.5. The children were _ the stones to see what lay beneath them.hesitate【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳hesitate的意思及用法。1. Justin will not hesitate to take unpopular decisions.2. Mary was still hesitating about joining / over whether to join the club.3. I hesitate t
7、o ask you, but will you lend me some money?【自我归纳】通过观察上面的句子，我们发现hesitate是动词，意为“犹豫，踌躇”，后可接动词不定式（句1），也常与介词_或_连用（句2）；hesitate还可意为“觉得也许不该，有疑虑，不愿意”（句3）。【拓展】hesitation n. 踌躇，犹豫without hesitation 毫不犹豫地have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事【即学即练】翻译下面句子。1. 他正在犹豫要不要离开这里。_2. 露西觉得也许不该接受这样一份礼物。 _ 3. 汤姆毫不犹豫地满足了
8、我们的要求。_operate【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳operate的意思及用法。1. That machine isnt operating properly.2. Several causes operated to our success.3. The actress will have to have her eyes operated on.4. The lift is operated by electricity.5. The department store is well operated.【自我归纳】operate可作不及物动词，意为 “_”（句1）；“发生影响，
9、起作用”（句2）；“动手术”（句3），常与_连用。它还可作及物动词，意为“操作，控制”（句4）；“经营，管理”（句5）。 【拓展】operation n. 手术，操作，经营 operator n. 操作员，话务员 【即学即练】将下面句子翻译成汉语。1. The man who operated the lift saw the accident. _2. The new drug began to operate not long after it was taken. _3. The doctors operated on her stomach. _respond【语境展示】阅读下面句子，
10、并试着归纳respond的意思及用法。1. She never responded to my letter.2. When asked about the companys future, the director responded that he remained optimistic.3. I offered him a drink but he didnt respond to my offer.4. He responded with a polite smile but said nothing.5. Sam responded to my suggestion by laugh
11、ing.【自我归纳】respond是动词，意为：回答，回应（后可与to连用，也可接that从句）（句1、句2）；作出反应，响应（常与_, with或 by连用）（句3-句5）。【拓展】response n.意为“反应，响应，回答”，常用短语：in response (to)。如：The bosss response to our plan was encouraging.Twice I put the request to him, but he said nothing in response.The product was developed in response to customer
12、 demand.【即学即练】用适当的介词填空。1. They are likely to respond positively _ the Presidents request for aid.2. Eve responded to my greeting _hugging me. 3. She responded to my letter _ a phone call.4. He always takes the lead in response _ the governments calls.pay off【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳pay off的意思。1. Her design
13、 won first prize in the competition. Years of hard work had at last paid off.2. His hard work paid off when he got the promotion.3. I kept 500 dollars to go to pay off the debt on this house.4. Ill pay off my debt with this check.5. Another ten employees have been paid off at the firm.6. When the bu
14、ilding was completed, Lee paid off the workers.【自我归纳】pay off意为：_（句1、句2）；偿还掉，付掉（句3、句4）；付掉工资予以解雇（句5、句6）。【拓展】常见的含pay的短语还有：pay back偿还，报复pay up偿还（欠款），付（该付的）钱pay for付的钱，赔偿，为付代价，吃亏【即学即练】选用以上合适的短语并用其正确形式填空（每个短语限用一次）。1. All those years of struggles have finally _; I got the position. 2. Youve acted foolishly
15、 and youll _ it.3. I decided not to _ that boy who broke my bike.4. The landlord demanded that the man _ or go to prison.5. Ive just _ my load from this bank. What a relief!bother【归纳】bother既可以作动词，也可以作名词。作动词时，意为：花费时间精力（做某事）（常用于否定句和疑问句中，常用结构：bother with / about sth.; bother to do sth.; bother doing st
16、h.）。如：I dont know why you bother with that crowd.You neednt bother about coming up. Ill look after him.He didnt even bother to let me know he was coming.Why bother asking if youre not really interested?使（某人）烦恼（或担忧、不安），给（某人）造成麻烦（或痛苦）（常用结构：bother sb. with / about; bother sb. to do sth.; bother sb. tha
17、t）。如：I dont want to bother her with / about my problems at the moment.It bothers me to think of her alone in that big house.Does it bother you that she earns more than you? 打扰，插话。如：Dont bother your father now; hes very tired.作名词时，意为：麻烦，困难（不可数）；令人烦恼的人或事（可数）。如：I dont want to put you to any bother.Dont
18、 make such a bother over deciding which dress to wear.【即学即练】根据汉语意思补全下面句子。1. 不必打伞汽车就停在外面。Its not worth _ the cars just outside.2. 他老是闹着要我借给他钱。Hes always _ him money. 3. 他的懒儿子对他来说真是一个麻烦。His lazy son is quite _.in case【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳in case的意思及用法。1. Youd better take the keys in case Im out.2. I gues
19、s weve already talked about this but Ill ask you again just in case.【自我归纳】in case用作连词时，引导条件状语从句或目的状语从句，表示“如果，万一”或“免得，以防”；用作副词时，在句中充当状语，常位于句末，意为“以防万一”。【拓展】in case of表条件，意为“如果，万一”；表目的，意为“以防，以备”。 如：In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. Take an umbrella with you in case of rain.in the case of意为“就而言，在情况下
20、”。 如：In the case of a physical change, no new substance (物质) is formed.【即学即练】选用in case，in case of或in the case of完成下面句子。1. _ bad weather, the wedding will be held indoors.2. _ his health, he had better do exercise every day.3. We should make more sandwiches _ we get hungry later on.参考答案grasp【自我归纳】理解，
21、领会【即学即练】1. I grasped the opportunity to work abroad. 2. Ann was unable to grasp how to do it. 3. Jim grasped my hand and shook it warmly.4. Success was within her grasp.5. The boy has a good grasp of German grammar.turn over【语境展示】1-6 ADCEBF【即学即练】1. turned up 2. turned over 3. turned down 4. turn to
22、5. turning over hesitate【自我归纳】about; over【即学即练】1. He is hesitating over whether to leave or not.2. Lucy hesitated to accept such a gift.3. Tom had no hesitation in satisfying our demands.operate【自我归纳】运转，运行；on【即学即练】1. 开电梯的那名男子目睹了这场事故。2. 这种新药服用后不久就开始见效了。3. 医生们给她做了胃部手术。respond【自我归纳】to【即学即练】1. to 2. by 3. with 4. topay off【自我归纳】得到好结果，取得成功【即学即练】1. paid off 2. pay for 3. pay back 4. pay up 5. paid offbother【即学即练】1. bothering with an umbrella 2. bothering me to lend 3. a bother to him in case【即学即练】1. In case of 2. In the case of 3. in case
