1、考点31 阅读理解推理判断题高考频度：题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得
2、出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。这种问题的提问方式通常有：1.From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that .2.We can infer from the text that/ What can we
3、learn from? / We can conclude from thepassage that3.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that.4.The author implies that by the year 2080, .5.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should.6.The author mentions the fact thatto show.7. This passage wo
4、uld most likely be found in _?8.The authors attitude toward is _?9. The tone of the passage can best be described as _?这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点：1.首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随
5、意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。2.要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。3.要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。4. 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。5.在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确
6、定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。推理判断题常见有以下形式：1细节推断题要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标B） Returning to a book youve read many
7、 times can feel like drinks with an old friend. Theres a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books dont change, people do. And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereadi
8、ng lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. Its true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, its all about the present. Its about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author an
9、d reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually .The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningways A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking ba
10、ck on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazars Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to
11、me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, its you that has to gro
12、w and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.24Why does the author like rereading?AIt evaluates the writer-reader relationship.BIts a window to a whole new world.CIts a substitute for drinking with a friend.DIt extends the understanding of oneself.25What do we know about the book
13、 A Moveable Feast?AIts a brief account of a trip.BIts about Hemingways life as a young man.CIts a record of a historic event.DIts about Hemingways friends in Paris.27What can we infer about the author from the text?AHe loves poetry.BHes an editor.CHes very ambitious.DHe teaches reading.【答案】24D25B27A
14、【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。24推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books dont change, people do. And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our prese
15、nt register. It is true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。25推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可
16、知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。27推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortzars Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥科塔扎的拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。2因果推断题要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考生要准确掌握
17、文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系信息，根据已有信息，进行分析判断推理，从而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致的结果。2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标C）When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didnt cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring bac
18、k the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree
19、, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem
20、down there cant handle this non-native species(物种).Its destroying the environment. Its them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biol
21、ogist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Moutons job these days is trying to promote fur.Then theres Righteous
22、Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think thats going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinio
23、n that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.28What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?ATo promote guilt-free fur.BTo expand the fashion market.CTo introduce a
24、new brand.DTo celebrate a winter holiday.29Why are scientists concerned about nutria?ANutria damage the ecosystem seriously.BNutria are an endangered species.CNutria hurt local cat-sized animals.DNutria are illegally hunted.31What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?AIts f
25、ormal.BIts risky.CIts harmful.DIts traditional.【答案】28A 29A 31B【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。28推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds
26、 crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销
27、售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。29推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。31推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint
28、 on them-I think thats going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。3人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。（2）
29、特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标C）Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are con
30、ditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with t
31、he ground at all times. Its this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calcula
32、tions, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound t
33、he body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the
34、 injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sports strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race
35、walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.31Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking?ASkeptical.BObjective.CTolerant.DConservative.【答案】31B【解析】31推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness bene
36、fits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。 2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标 C） With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独
37、), more families are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house
38、 in Bristol - one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at
39、 a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”Its hard to tell exactly how m
40、any people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001to 419,000 in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational family are more commo
41、n. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to
42、be about 1.8 million.Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husbands family when they get married.29What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the
43、house with his mother-in -law?APositive.BCarefree.CTolerant.DUnwilling.【答案】29A29推理判断题。根据第五段“And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。4篇章结构
44、推断题根据不同文章的内容和写作目的，作者会采取记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体。作者也会采用叙述、例证、比较对照等不同的组织结构。不同文体的阅读难度、要求和任务不同，阅读方法也应不同。增强对篇章结构的理解能力有助于提高阅读质量。Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably sing or whistle when you are happy.Some scientists believe that birds do sing
45、some of the time just because they are happy. However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.1. How does the writer explain birds singing?A. By comparing birds with human beings.B. By reporting experi
46、ment results.C. By describing birds daily life.D. By telling a birds story.【答案】A【解析】由文章第一、二两段可知作者是把鸟儿和人类进行对比。5文章结论推断题由具体到一般，对已知的事实进行归纳总结性推断称为结论。2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国卷B）In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having l
47、ost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which
48、 talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his c
49、olorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way t
50、o Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.Mr Bissell skillfully organize
51、s historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of re
52、portage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.10Which of the following best describes Mr Bissells road trip in Uzbekistan?ARomantic.BEventful.CPleasant.DDangerous.11What is the purpose of this text?ATo introduce a book.BTo explain a cul
53、tural phenomenon.CTo remember a writer.DTo recommend a travel destination.【答案】10B 11A【解析】10推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Buk
54、hara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友善和温
55、暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。11推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。2020年普通高等
56、学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷 A)（7月第二次)How to Use a Modern Public LibraryHas it been a while since your last visit to a public library? If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. Its been years since they were dusty little rooms with books. They have transformed themselves int
57、o places where you can develop your love of knowledge meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business.Check out a book. While libraries still loan out(出借)books, youll find it easier to get a copy of whatever youre looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. Via such
58、networks, libraries share their books with each other through the use of delivery vehicles. Once the book youve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.Check out other items. The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded with information in
59、many formats(载体形式). You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines. Some libraries even loan out toys and games. If a popular magazine you want isnt offered and the library keeps a list of such requests, they may bring it in when enough interest is shown.Join targeted reading gro
60、ups. Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups. Perhaps youd like to learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group you could join. If you have difficulties reading, ask about special reading opportunities. Your library might
61、be able to accommodate you. And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.Start a business using the help of your local library. If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can become a launch sp
62、ace for it. In library books and computers, you can find information on starting a business. Many libraries will help you with locally supplied information about business management shared through chambers of commerce(商会)and government agencies, and they will offer printing, faxing and database serv
63、ices you need.40. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To point out the importance of public libraries.B. To encourage people to work in public libraries.C. To introduce the improved services of public libraries.D. To call for the modernization of public library systems.【答案】40. C【解析】40. 推理判断题。根据文章标
64、题How to Use a Modern Public Library（如何使用一个现代公共图书馆）和第一段中的“you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business.（你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更
65、好了。他们已经把自己变成了一个地方，在那里你可以发展你对知识的热爱，遇见有趣的人，或者发现如何创业）”。再结合几个小标题：Check out a book（借一本书）； Check out other items（借其他物品）；Join targeted reading groups（加入有针对性的阅读小组）；Start a business using the help of your local library（在当地图书馆的帮助下创业）可知，本文主要介绍了在经过改善后的图书馆里，人们可以做些什么，即：经过改善后的图书馆可以给人们提供什么服务。故选C。题组一（2020年高考真题）Passa
66、ge1(2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标）C) I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out a
67、dventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place
68、 and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read ,using different voices ,as
69、though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form gener
70、ation to generation.As a novelist, Ive found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they cant afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, i
71、n their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.32Which word best describes the au
72、thors relationship with books as a child?ACooperative.BUneasy.CInseparable.DCasual.33What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?APleasure from working in the library.BJoy of reading passed on in the family.CWonderment from acting out the stories.DA closer bond develop
73、ed with the readers.34What does the author call on other writers to do?ASponsor book fairs.BWrite for social media.CSupport libraries.DPurchase her novels.35Which can be a suitable title for the text?AReading: A Source of KnowledgeBMy Idea about writingCLibrary: A Haven for the YoungDMy Love of the
74、LibraryPassage2(2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标），A)Journey Back in Time with ScholarsClassical Provence(13days)Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence，France，with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes. We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in
75、the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. Fields of flowers, tile-roofed(瓦屋顶)villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.Southern Spain(15days)Spain has lovely white towns and the scent(芳香)of oranges，but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks，Roma
76、ns and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to historic Toledo，Roman Merida and into Andalucia, we explore historical monuments and architecture.Chinas Sacred Landscapes(21days)Discover the China of “past ages,” its walled cities，temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Rob
77、ert Thorp. Highlights(精彩之处)include Chinas most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzbous rolling hills，waterways and peaceful temples. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.Tunisia(17days)Join Prof. Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour. T
78、our highlights include the Roman city of Dougga，the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata，uique for underground cities. Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.21What can visitors see in both Classi
79、cal Provence and Southern Spain？AHistorical monuments.BFields of flowers.CVan Goghs paintings.DGreek buildings.22Which country is Prof. Thorp most knowledgeable about？AFrance.BSpain.CChina.DTunisia.23Which of the following highlight the Tunisian tour？AWhite towns.BUnderground cities.CTile-roofed vil
80、lages.DRolling hills.Passage3(2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷 D）（第一次）) Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If youre studying history, asking yourself the question why is history important is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization. You w
81、ill find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history. History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥）into o
82、ur ancestral pasts, and how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide. History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing expe
83、rience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challen
84、ges of life.History makes us more empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying history can give us insight （洞察力）into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usuall
85、y caused by ignorance （无知）. Were scared of the things that we dont understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.History can inspire us to learn more. whats fantastic about history is the way it br
86、oadens our horizons. Its almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. Study the 19th century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens Oliver Twist. Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about
87、realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from novels, and discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for absolutely anybody. The value of history cannot be underestimated. We dont have to live in the past, but we can defin
88、itely do better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives.51The underlined part where we are today in Para. 2 probably means _.Athe turning point in our historyBthe present state of our nationCthe location of our homelandDthe total area of our country52According
89、to the experts, why is history useful for people to handle challenges of life?AThe problems at present are similar to those in the past.BAncient people laid economic foundations for people today.CThe current challenges of life were predicted by the ancestors.DPeople living long time ago knew more ab
90、out how to solve problems.53What can be concluded from Para.4?AIt is difficult to get rid of cultural barriers.BPeople are willing to accept foreign cultures.CCultural conflicts in history are difficult to ignore.DHistory helps us improve our cross-cultural awareness.54With the example in Para.5, th
91、e writer intends to show that_.ACharles Dickens contributes much to British literature.BOliver Twist can satisfy our curiosity for romantic poets.Creading novels is a way to learn about a historical period.Dstudying history can arouse peoples interest in other fields.55What could be the best title f
92、or the passage?AHow to Build Cultural IdentityBWhy Studying History MattersCKnow the Past, Know the PresentDHistory: a Way to Broaden HorizonsPassage4(2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷 A)（7月第二次) “They tell me that youd like to make a statue(塑像) of me-is that correct, Miss Vinnie Ream?”The deep, gentle voice h
93、elped calm the nervous girl. Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.“Yes, sir,” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wouldnt have duo ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admira
94、ble manner. “President Lincoln smiled. “Painters, sculptors-theyve all tried to make the best of this ordinary face, but Im afraid theres not much hope. What did you have in mind, Miss Ream? A bust(半身像)?”Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice.“Of cours
95、e-I shouldnt have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size. “Vinnies face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small does not mean weak, sir,” she defended herself. “I was born in the country of Wisconsin. Ive driven te
96、ams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure would not exhaust my strength-and that is what I intend to do!”The Presidents eyes, brightened at her show of spirit. “Sorry, madam, I have underestimated you as I didnt know your background.”But his smile faded as he rubbed his b
97、eard with bony fingers, in thought. “Miss Ream,” he sighed, “Id like to let you do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to myself.”Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work qui
98、ckly,” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”The President seemed to consider her idea seriously. He got up
99、and shook Vinnies hand warmly, “Ive heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well. I cannot make my decision immediately, but you will hear from me soon.”The very next day, Vinnie received an invitation from the President.41. What gave Vinnie confid
100、ence to make her request of President Lincoln?A. Her aggressive personality.B. Mr. Millss encouraging remark.C. President Lincolns gentle voice.D. Her interest in a challenging job.42. How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnies request?A. Pleased.B. Thrilled.C. Regretful.D. Doubtful.43. Vinn
101、ie confirmed her ability to make a full-length statue by highlighting _.A. her experience from other projectsB. her innocent childhood in the countryC. the heavy labor she had done beforeD. the skill she picked up in Wisconsin44. Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to _.A. achieve ef
102、fects of natural lightingB. keep all her tools within easy reachC. observe the President at a right angleD. avoid disturbing the presidents work45. What message does the story convey?A. A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.B. Experience helps to promote excellence.C. Ups and downs make one strong
103、.D. Devotion requires enthusiasm.题组二（2019年高考真题）Passage1(2019江苏卷，D)The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimers(阿尔楚海默症). He was losing his memory.A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family. Music was his true
104、passion, though he had never performed outside the family.Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep catch night when she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.Naomi, Melissas best friend and a talented
105、 pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.“Why do this?” Steve wondered.“Because she cares.” Melissa said.Steve nodded, tears in eye.Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve shed love to hear him play. Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he
106、gently placed his fingers on the keys.Naomi put a small recorder near the piano, Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.“It was beautiful. Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth
107、 saving.”Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was still in Steve Goodwin. It was bidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. Hed move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then shed take his place. He st
108、ruggled to explain what he heard in his head. He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it. He ju
109、st couldnt play it.Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song. One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight. Steve called it “Melancholy Flower”.Naomi heard multiple stops and s
110、tarts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steves favorite, and most pe
111、rsonal songs. With Naomis help, the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steves songs. Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasnt.In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the director she had a special one in mind: “Me
112、lancholy Flower”She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it to the playing list. But Naomi would have to ask Steves permission. He considered it an honor.After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steves music was beautiful and professional. It needed to be s
113、hared in public.The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He knew the path his life was now taking. He tol
114、d his family he was at peace.Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded. Naomi took the stage. Her fingers. His heart.65. Why did Melissa want to save her fathers music?A. His music could stop his disease from worsening.B. She wanted to please her dying
115、old father.C. His music deserved to be preserved in the family.D. She wanted to make her father a professional.66. After hearing Steves playing, Naomi _.A. refused to make a comment on itB. was deeply impressed by his musicC. decided to free Steve from sufferingD. regretted offering help to her frie
116、nd67. How can the process of Steves recording be described?A. It was slow but productive.B. It was beneficial to his health.C. It was tiresome for Naomi.D. It was vital for Naomis career.68. Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower, his wife Joni _.A. thought the music talent of Steve was exhaustedB
117、. didnt expect the damage the disease brought aboutC. didnt fully realize the value of her husbands musicD. brought her husbands music career to perfection69. How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland？A. He felt concerned about his illness.B. He sensed a responsibility for music.C.
118、 He regained his faith in music.D. He got into a state of quiet.70. What can be a suitable title for the passage?A. The Kindness of FriendsB. The Power of MusicC. The Making of a MusicianD. The Value of DeterminationPassage2(2019浙江卷，A)Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old military(军队的)me
119、dals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet.But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals rightful owners, and returns them.His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A. G. Piccoli, found in an an
120、tique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart-he earned one himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.Through the Internet, Zac tracked down Corrados sister Adeline Rockko. But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him w
121、ith questions: Who are you？What antique shop？ However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized. Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown, N.Y. At that point, I knew she meant business, Zac says. To drive eight hours to come to see me.The
122、 Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWII, was killed in action in Europe.Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadnt realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zacs mother had found was a family treasure. Thi
123、s medal was very precious to my parents. Only on special occasions(场合)would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands, Adeline says.As a child, Adeline couldnt understand why the medal was so significant. “But as I grew older,” Adeline says, and missed my brother more and more, I realized tha
124、t was the only thing we had left. Corrado Piccolis Purple Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in Watertown.Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama. Since he first reunited Corrados medal, Zac says his record is now 5 for 5.21. Where did Zac get a P
125、urple Heart medal for himself？A. In the army.B. In an antique shop.C. From his mother.D. From Adeline Rockko.22. What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him？A. She was very impolite.B. She was serious about the medal.C. She suspected his honesty.D. She came from a wealthy family.23. What mad
126、e Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?A. Her parents advice.B. Her knowledge of antiques.C. Her childhood dream.D. Her memory of her brother.Passage3(2019全国II卷，C)Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she rea
127、ding? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtels “me” time. And like more Americans, shes not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating to
128、gether anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at
129、her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and
130、check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my days gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “Its a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That fre
131、edom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesnt feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in tech
132、nology,” said Laurie Demerit， whose company provided the statistics for the report.28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A. Food varietyB. Eating habits.C. Table manners.D. Restaurant service.29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A. To meet with her coworkers.B. To catch up with
133、 her work.C. To have some time on her own.D. To collect data for her report.30. What do we know about Mazoleny?A. He makes videos for the bar.B. Hes fond of the food at the bar.C. He interviews customers at the bar.D. Hes familiar with the barkeeper.31. What is the text mainly about?A. The trend of
134、having meals alone.B. The importance of self-reflection.C. The stress from working overtime.D. The advantage of wireless technology.Passage4(2018天津卷，D)Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war inju
135、ry has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（堂吉诃德）. An
136、d the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？Weve all known people who run out of steam before they reach lifes halfway mark. Im not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We c
137、ant all get there. Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then b
138、ecome trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，the opportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we cant change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that ho
139、wever much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However，we can achieve meaning only if we have
140、made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.Many of us equate（视等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirab
141、le commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. Theyve learned lifes most valuable lesson.51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_.A. loss of freedom sti
142、mulates ones creativityB. age is not a barrier to achieving ones goalC. misery inspires a man to fight against his fateD. disability cannot stop a mans pursuit of success52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？A. End ones struggle for liberty.B. Waste ones energy taking risks.
143、C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.D. Lose the interest to continue learning.53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.D. Opportunity awaits tho
144、se with a cautious mind.54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.B. A wise man can live without self-pityC. A man should try to satisfy people around him.D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life55. What is the authors purpose in wri
145、ting the passage？A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.题组二（2018年高考真题）Passage1(2018新课标卷I
146、I，C) Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday. While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parent
147、s might help encourage more reading. According to the reports key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.” The report data shows that pleasure r
148、eading levels for younger children, ages 28, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session. When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking
149、 for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides
150、for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read. As the end of school approaches, a
151、nd school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Childrens reading habits.B. Quality of childrens books.C. C
152、hildrens after-class activities.D. Parent-child relationships.29. Where can you find the data that best supports children are reading a lot less for fun?A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A. E-books are of poor q
153、uality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm childrens health.D. E-readers are expensive.31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask then to write book reports.C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers.P
154、assage2(2018天津卷，D)Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, youll have no trouble answering these questions.Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child
155、s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的) to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes
156、practice and requires breaking some bad habits.The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a m
157、ountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted theyd felt cold water at first.Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴
158、迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a ruby-crowned kinglet and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.The pressures of time and destination are furthe
159、r blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see whats around them. I asked them what theyd seen. Oh, a few birds, they said. They seemed bent
160、on their destinations.Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.51. According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults,
161、children are more _.A. anxious to do wondersB. sensitive to others feelingsC. likely to develop unpleasant habitsD. eager to explore the world around them52. What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?A. To avoid jumping to conclusions.B. To stop complaining all the time.C. To follow the teache
162、rs advice.D. To admit mistakes honestly.53. The bird watchers behavior shows that they _.A. are very patient in their observationB. are really fascinated by natureC. care only about the names of birdsD. question the accuracy of the field guides54. Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings
163、 during the journey?A. The natural beauty isnt attractive to them.B. They focus on arriving at the camp in time.C. The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.D. They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.55. In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should _.A. fill our senses to fe
164、el the wonders of the worldB. get rid of some bad habits in our daily lifeC. open our mind to new things and ideasD. try our best to protect naturePassage3(2018浙江卷，C)As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, w
165、ith the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线）on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them. Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American cultur
166、e: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap
167、 cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history. In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a fa
168、rm-based society into an industrial power. The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been des
169、cribed in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy an
170、d abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To explain Americans love for travelling by car. B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.D. To praise the ef
171、fectiveness of Americas road system.29. What has the use of cars in America led to? A. Decline of economy. B. Environmental problems.C. A shortage of oil supply. D. A farm-based society.30. What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future? A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Tolerant.题组四（名校模
172、拟题）Passage 1（2020襄阳市第一中学高三月考） If Confucius (孔子) were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. Hed need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few p
173、eople in the United States will give him a passing thought. Its nothing personal. Most Americans dont even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.But this doesnt mean that Americans dont care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to
174、 reach a deeper understanding of China.In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. Th
175、e main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, history and philosophy (哲学). Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Students in the United States，at the same time, are racin
176、g to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.So the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well.Today China attra
177、cts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.1The opening paragraph is mainly intended to _.Aprovide some key facts about Confuci
178、usBattract the readers interest in the subjectCshow great respect for the ancient thinkerDprove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations2We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students _.Ahave a great interest in studying ChineseBtake an active part in Chinese competitionsCtry to get high
179、 scores in Chinese examsDfight for a chance to learn Chinese3What is the best title for the passage?AForgotten Wisdom in AmericaBHuge Fans of the Chinese LanguageCChinese Culture for WesternersDOld Thinker with a Big Future4The passage is likely to appear in _.Aa biographyBa history paperCa newspape
180、rDa philosophy textbookPassage 2（2020湖南高三二模） Its 13:30 and 28-year-old Marten Pella s smart phone starts pinging, a signal that its time for us to stop working around his living room table and instead start our workout routine together. A cartoon character wearing bright red shorts on video begins i
181、nstructing us to do star-jumps and sit-ups around his apartment.Pella, a research assistant at Stockholm University, is part of the Hoffice movement, which invites workers-freelancers（自由职业者）or full-time employees who can do their jobs remotelyto work at each others homes to increase productivity and
182、 enjoy an active social life.Those attending Hoffice events advertised on Facebook are typically asked to work silently in 45-minute blocks, before taking short breaks together to exercise, or simply chatting over a coffee. In addition, each participant shares daily objectives with the rest of the g
183、roup upon arrival, and is invited to report back on whether or not they have achieved them at the end of the day.“Often when I am alone, I can work focused for a couple of hours but then Im easily distracted（分心）.The help of others makes me so much more disciplined.” says Pella, who attends Hoffice e
184、vents as both a guest and a host. Lunches mean networking and connecting with new contacts. “People are coming from really different areas and have different professions so there can be really interesting discussions,” he says.The Hoffice movement has grown quickly since it was founded in 2014 by Sw
185、edish psychologist Christofer Franzen, now 37. He had been giving lectures on the benefits of collective（集体的）intelligence, but realised he was spending most of his own time working alone at his kitchen table. “I wanted to test more structured home co-working with friends in similar situations,” he s
186、ays.Franzen says that holding events in houses and apartments creates a unique atmosphere, because theres a sense of community and desire to contribute. Hes looking for ways to expand the social value of Hoffice, by matching up members with relevant skills to share and even encouraging jobseekers to
187、 join its gatherings.1Where is Pella when his smart phone starts pinging?AIn his own home.BIn his office.CIn another persons home.DAt Stockholm University.2What do people attending Hoffice events do first when they meet?AWatch an exercise video.BWork silently for 45 minutes.CTell each other their da
188、ily plans.DReport what they have achieved.3What does Franzen really mean by saying “friends in similar situations”?AThey usually work alone.BThey often give lectures.CThey study collective intelligence.DThey have to work at a kitchen table.4What is the best title for the text?ASharing Comfortable Wo
189、rkplacesBA New Way to Make New FriendsCBenefits of Collective IntelligenceDWorking from Others HomesPassage 3（2020四川省南充高级中学高三月考） A shark moving around the coastline is normally a worrying sight，but this waterborne drone(无人机)threatens floating rubbish instead of people.Developed by Dutch company RanM
190、arine, the WasteShark takes nature as its inspiration with its whale shark-like mouth. Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.According to RanMarine, the WasteShark is available in both autonomo
191、us and remote-controlled models. Measuring just over five feet by three-and-a-half feet(1.5 meters by 1.1 meter)，it can carry up to 352 pounds of rubbish(159.6 kg)and has an operational battery life of 16 hours.By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the worlds oceans. One pa
192、per from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat.WasteShark also has the abilities to gather air and water quality data, remove chemicals out of the water such as oil，and heavy metals，and scan the seabed to read its depth and outlines，said
193、Oliver Cunningham, one of the co-founders of RanMarine. Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches.Our drones are designed to move through a water system, whether
194、 its around the perimeter(周边) or through the city itself. The drones are that last line of defense between the city and the open ocean, added Cunningham. WasteSharks are operating in Dubai, South Africa and the Netherlands and cost $ 17,000 for the remote-controlled model and just under $ 23,000 for
195、 the autonomous model.Dubai-based operator Ecocoast has two WasteShark drones. Co-founder Dana Liparts says they will clean waterfronts for clients including hotels and environmental authorities and that Ecocoast intention is to have the collected rubbish recycled or upcycled. However, Liparts argue
196、s that cleaning waterways doesnt have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing peoples attitudes towards littering.1What do we know about the WasteShark?AIt can frighten sharks away.BIt is an ocean explorer.CIt is a rubbish collect
197、or.DIt can catch fish instead of people.2What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?AThe causes of ocean pollution.BThe dangers of using plastics.CThe severity of ocean garbage pollution.DThe importance of ocean protection.3What will the WasteShark do with an approaching object?AAvoid crashing into it.BBr
198、eak it into pieces.CSwallow it.DFly over it.4Which of the following ideas does Liparts agree with?AThe WasteShark should be used more widely.BMore measures should be taken to make water clean.CThe production cost of WasteSharks should be reduced.DPeople should take a positive attitude to new technol
199、ogy.Passage 4（2020北京市第四十三中学高三二模） Microplastics are everywhere in our environment. Its hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming as many as 121,000 particles each year.Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplastics c
200、ome from a variety of sources, including large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown about the common existence of these materials within the human body, as well as their impact on human health.Hoping to fill in some of these gaps, a research team
201、led by Kieran Cox, a PhD candidate at the University of Victoria, looked at 26 papers assessing the amount of microplastics in commonly consumed food items, among which are seafood, sugars, salts, honey, alcohol and water. The team also evaluated the potential consumption of microplastics through in
202、halation （吸入）using previously reported data on microplastic concentrations in the air and the Environmental Protection Agencys reported respiration rates. Based on these data, the researchers calculated that our annual consumption of microplastics via food and drink ranges from 39,000 to 52,000 part
203、icles. When microplastics taken in through inhalation are taken into account, the range jumps to between 74,000 and 121,000 particles per year.The authors of the study found that people who drink exclusively from plastic water bottles absorb an additional 90,000 microplastics each year, compared to
204、4,000 among those who only consume tap water. This shows that small decisions, over the course of a year, really matter and have an impact. Cox says. The new study, according to its authors, was the first to investigate the accumulative human exposure to microplastics. But in all likelihood, the res
205、earch tells only a small part of the entire story. Collectively, the food and drink that the researchers analyzed represent 15 percent of Americans caloric intake. The team could not account for food groups like fruits, vegetables and grains because there simply is not enough data on their microplas
206、tic content.For those worried about microplastic consumption, cutting down bottled water is a good place to start. But to the heart of the problem, we have to stop producing and using so much plastic.1What makes it difficult to know microplastics commonly exist in the human body?AThe quality.BThe qu
207、antity.CThe shape.DThe size.2How did Kieran Coxs team calculate the potential consumption of microplastics?ABy studying papers.BBy comparing the impacts.CBy analyzing the data.DBy conducting experiments.3Which of the following is true according to the text?ADrinking less plastic bottled water helps
208、to take in fewer microplastics.BThe study is among the earliest to investigate human exposure to microplastics.CCoxs team gained comprehensive information of microplastics taken in by humans.DPeople consume 74,000 to 121,000 particles of microplastics per year from food and drink.4What is the best t
209、itle for the text?AThe Potential Problems of MicroplasticsBMicroplastics Coming From Various SourcesCMicroplastics Found Within Human BodiesDThe Impact of Microplastics on Human Health题组一Passage1(2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标）C)【答案】 32C 33B 34C 35D【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读
210、书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。32推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.(我
211、一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。33词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, w
212、here my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。34细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a
213、 significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。35主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜
214、欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。Passage2(2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标），A)【答案】21A22C23B【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个国家中，那些可以让人们回顾过去的著名景点。21细节理解题。根据第一部分的We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. (我们将参观一些世界上保存最完好
215、的罗马建筑遗迹)和第二部分的we explore historical monuments and architecture.(我们探索历史遗迹和建筑)可知，在Classical Provence 和Southern Spain游客们可以参观历史遗迹。A. Historical monuments（历史遗迹）符合以上说法，故选A项。22推理判断题。根据第三部分的Chinas Sacred Landscapes (21days)(中华神山 21天)和Discover the China of past ages, its walled cities, temples and mountain s
216、cenery with Prof Robert Thorp. Highlights include Chinas most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhous rolling hills, waterways and peaceful temples (和Robert教授一起发现中国的过去，有墙的城市、寺庙和山景。精彩之处包括中国最神圣的泰山之巅，杭州起伏的群山、运河和宁静的寺庙)可知，去中国的神山之行总共有27天，而且Thorp对中国的名山非常了解。由此推测Thorp在这四个国家里最了解中国。C. China(中国)符合以上说法，故选C项。Pass
217、age3(2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷 D）（第一次）)【答案】51B52A53D54D55B【解析】本文是议论文。开头提出问题为什么历史重要。然后分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后总结扣题说明学历史的意义历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。51猜测词义题。根据上句learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse(一瞥 )into our ancestral pasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义地了解我们祖先的
218、过去。此处指学历史着眼于大局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可推知画线的where we are today指的是我们国家的现状。故选B。52细节理解题。根据第三段According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life.可知专家认为，无论过去和现在
219、，人们面临的问题都是一样的。有了祖先的信息，我们在处理生活中的挑战时会更有经验。故选A。53推理判断题。根据第四段中It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures和History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.可知历史为跨文化的同理心提供了一个相当坚实的基础，历史有可能打破对
220、未知事物的恐惧和憎恨，为我们提供洞悉整个世界的机会。由此推之历史帮助我们提高跨文化意识。故选D。54推理判断题。根据第五段标题是 History can inspire us to learn more:(历史可以激励我们学习更多),下面列举了阅读Oliver Twist的例子,通过Oliver Twist我们能去了解作者 Charles Dickens,还可能会学到一些关于现实主义的东西，会发现英国浪漫主义诗人的历史。作者通过这个例子是为了说明学习历史可以引起人们对其他领域的兴趣。故选D。55主旨大意题。根据第一段If youre studying history, asking yours
221、elf the question why is history important is a very good first step.提到学历史前先问自己为什么历史重要。下文分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后一段总结扣题说明学历史的意义历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。故Why Studying History Matters?能概括全文内容。故选B。Passage4(2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷 A)（7月第二次)【答案】41. B42. D43. C44. D45. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯总统提
222、出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。41. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I wouldnt have dared to ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner. “可知，我本来不敢问你，但我的老师Mills先生说我准备好了。我打算用一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。由此可知，Mills先生的话给了Vinnie向林肯总统提出要求的底气。故选B。42. 推理判断
223、题。根据第五段中的“Of course- I shouldnt have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size.”可知，当然-我不应该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，全身雕像太大了。由此可推知，林肯总统首先对Vinnie的请求表示怀疑。故选D。43. 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Ive driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay figure would not ex
224、haust my strength-and this is what I intend to do!”可知，我赶过马队，提过水。做一个全身雕像不会耗尽我的力量-我还正想这样呢！此可知，Vinnie通过强调她以前所做的繁重劳动，证实了她有能力制作一个全身雕像。故选C。44. 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的“Miss Ream,” he sighed, “Id like to let you do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a
225、sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to myself. “可知，总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像。根据倒数第三段中的“Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for th
226、ree hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”可知，Vinnie环顾四周，注意到了他办公室的大小。“我干得很快，”她说。她指着靠近窗户的那个角落，声音柔和而自信。“如果我把我的粘土带到这里来，每天下午工作三个小时，我就可以在你办公的时候完成大部分的项目。”由此可推知，上文中总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像，于是Vinnie想选择靠近窗户的角落，是为了避免干扰总统的工作。故选D。45. 推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯
227、总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。由此可推知，这个故事表达了意志坚强的人能达到目标的思想。故选A。题组二Passage1【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，主要讲述一个钢琴师帮助一个患老年痴呆症的老人录制音乐的故事，其录制过程比较艰苦，但是录制的音乐很成功，也让老人对音乐充满了信心。65.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Steve的专业软件工程，还是一个钢琴的热爱者，是家里唯一的音乐家，音乐是他真正热爱的东西，尽管没有在家以外的地方弹奏过钢琴。根据第三段Melissa, his daught
228、er ,felt it more than worthwhile to save his music.可知他的女儿Melissa觉得保存他的音乐很有价值，故选C。66.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第十段 “it was beautiful,” Naomi said after listening to the recording. “ the music was worth saving.”可知，听了录音之后Naomi说很美，值得保存，故可以得出Naomi对Steve的音乐印象深刻，故选B。67.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第十二段Hed move his fingers clumsily o
229、n the piano, and then shed take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head.以及第十三段Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code: lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it, he just couldnt play it.可知，Steve会笨拙地把手指放在钢琴上，然后Naomi把手指放在他放的地
230、方，并且Steve努力解释脑海里的内容，所有的这些，都是Naomi在弹奏，而Steve在听，故可知这个录制过程很慢。根据第十六段Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steves favorite, and most personal songs.可知作品很多。故选A。68.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第十六段Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasnt. 以及后文Steve取得的成就可知在完成Melancholy Flower之前，他的妻子还没完全意识到丈夫的音乐的真正价值，故选C。69.D 【解析】推理判断题
231、。根据倒数第二段He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.可知，他知道自己一生要选择的路，告诉家人他很平静，故可知，家乡的音乐会让他重新坚定了对音乐的信念，故选D。70.B 【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要讲述一个钢琴师帮助一个患老年痴呆症的人录制音乐的故事，其录制过程比较艰苦，但是录制的音乐很成功，也让老人对音乐充满了信心。B项“音乐的力量”概括了全文内容，是最佳标题。故选B。Passage2【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。Zachariah Fike有一个不同寻常的业余爱好：他在网上和古
232、董店里寻找旧的军队勋章，然后将这些勋章归还它们的合法主人。文章主要叙述了他这一爱好的起源。21.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Hearthe earned one himself in a war as a soldier”可知，当Zac还是一名士兵的时候，在一次战争中他获得了一枚Purple Heart。故A选项正确。22.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“To drive eight hours to come to see me”可以推知，Adeline为了那枚Purple Heart开车八个小时来见Za
233、c，由此可知，她对于这件事是认真地。因此，At that point, I knew she meant business应该指的是Zac意识到Adeline对这枚勋章是认真的。故B选项正确。23.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Corrado, a translatorwas killed in action in Europe”和倒数第三段中的“as I grew olderand missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left ”这枚勋章寄托了Adeline对于去世的哥
234、哥Corrado的回忆和思念，这是他们家留下的唯一关于哥哥的东西了。因此她很珍惜这枚勋章。故D选项正确。Passage3【语篇解读】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。28.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。29.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from
235、tapping her on the shoulder. Today, I just wanted some time to myself.可知，Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选C。30.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段he likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.可知Mazoleny喜
236、欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里，查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选D。31.A 【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。Passage4【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。51.B 【解析】推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作唐吉柯德，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功
237、，年龄也是如此，故选B。52.D 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。53.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段we lose the sense
238、 of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。54. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段we learn to bear with the things we cant change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never goin
239、g to love usan idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。55.A 【解析】写作意图题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。题组三Passage1【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于儿童和青少年的阅读
240、习惯的调查报告。报告表明，儿童和青少年趣味阅读时间明显减少；父母会对孩子的阅读习惯产生一些积极影响。28.A 【解析】推理判断题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A项意为：孩子们的阅读习惯；B项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D项意为：父母与孩子的关系。故选A。29.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的the proportion (比例) who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 p
241、ercent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.可知，很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到现在的22%和27%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故选B。30.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased scre
242、en time可知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心看一些电子屏幕的时间越来越多，也即是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选C。31.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.可知，有明显的证据表明，父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是说，父母可以通过给孩子们作
243、榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读的。故选A。Passage 2【文章大意】本文是一篇散文。我们有多久没有仔细观察我们周围的世界了。作者通过此文要告诉我们：放慢脚步，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。51.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A childs day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder.可知，与成人相比较，孩子观察得更多，孩子的一天充满了魔力、新奇和惊奇。从而可以推断出孩子更急于探索他们周围的世界。故
244、选D。52.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段作者叙述在一个寒冷的夜晚，作者和学生徒步旅行穿过一条小溪的时候，学生们抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，结果事实上那是一个温泉。作者举这样一个事例是为了向读者传递这样的观念：避免过早下结论。故选A。53.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段全段及首句Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things.可知，鸟观察者发现鸟后只关心鸟的名字，并不关心它在做什么。故答案为C。54.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的I encountere
245、d many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see whats around them.可知，徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到达目的地，而很少关心周围的事物。故选B。55.A 【解析】推理判断题。文章作者想要通过此文要告诉我们：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的人，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙吧。故选A。
246、Passage 3【文章大意】文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。28.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.可知现代美国诞生于公路和汽车，汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger
247、就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响，故选B。29.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.可知美国汽车的迅速发展，导致生态灾难。故选B。30.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. 和最后一段中的Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a
248、chance to keep American strength.可见Friedman虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色积极的想法。可见Friedman对未来是充满希望的，故选C。题组四Passage 1【答案】1B 2A 3D 4C【解析】文章是新闻报道，主要讲述了外国人对中国文化的兴趣越来越浓，对于孔子的思想也越来越感兴趣这一社会现象。1推理判断题，由第一段“If Confucius (孔子) were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake,”说如果孔子
249、还活着话，将会用大蛋糕庆祝他的生日，可以推出是吸引读者的兴趣，故选B项。2推理判断题，由第四段“Students in the United States，at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese.” 与此同时，美国的学生也在竞相学习中文。可以推出美国学生对学习汉语有很大的兴趣，故选A项。3主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由倒数后三段“So the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well.Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will
250、 need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.”可知，因此，这位老思想家的思想仍然很活跃。今天的中国比以往任何时候都更吸引西方，它需要更多的教师来向西方介绍孔子和中国文化。至于这位老思想家，即使是他的生日，他也不会被西方人遗忘。由此可知，短文的最佳标题为“西方人也热衷学习孔子思想”。故选D项。
251、4推理判断题。本文主要讲述了外国人对中国文化的兴趣越来越浓，对于孔子的思想也越来越感兴趣。由此判断出短文很有可能是新闻报道的内容。故选C项。Passage 2【答案】1A2C3A4D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕“Hoffice行动”展开，即邀请自由职业者或可以远程工作的全职员工在彼此的家中工作，以提高工作效率，避免与社会隔绝,享受积极的社交生活。1细节理解题。根据第一段“Marten Pella s smart phone starts pinging, a signal that its time for us to stop working around his living roo
252、m table”可知下午1点半，28岁的马腾配拉(Mrten Pella)的智能手机响了起来，这表示我们不能继续围坐在他家客厅的桌子旁工作了，该锻炼身体了。所以Marten Pella电话响起的时候他在客厅，是在自己家里，故答案为A。2细节理解题。根据第三段“ In addition, each participant shares daily objectives with the rest of the group upon arrival, and is invited to report back on whether or not they have achieved them at
253、 the end of the day. ”可知，另外，每位参与者都要在开始工作前与其他人分享自己每天的目标，然后在一天的工作结束时汇报自己是否实现了目标。所以人们见面后先谈论告诉对方他们的日常计划。故答案为C。3推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 He had been giving lectures on the benefits of collective intelligence, but realised he was spending most of his own time working alone at his kitchen table.可知，他一直在讲集体智慧的好处，但他意识到自
254、己大部分时间都是独自一人在餐桌旁工作。由此可推断Franzen的意思是他们这些人相似的处境就是总是独自一人工作，故答案为A。4主旨大意题。主要围绕“Hoffice行动”展开，即邀请自由职业者或可以远程工作的全职员工在彼此的家中工作，以提高工作效率，避免与社会隔绝,享受积极的社交生活。由此判断出，短文的最佳标题为“放弃办公桌到陌生人家里办公”。故答案为D。Passage 3【答案】1C2C3A4B【解析】本文属于说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。1细节理解题。根据第二段Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begi
255、n operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.可知，这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的，故选C。2主旨大意题。根据第四段By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the worlds oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plasti
256、c pollution was afloat.可知，预计到2016年，海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾，估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性，故选C。3细节理解题。根据第五段Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches.可知，配备防碰撞系统，无人机使用激光来
257、探测物体，用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体，如果探测到物体，无人机就会停下来或者后退，故选A。4推理判断题。根据最后一段However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesnt have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing peoples attitudes towards littering.可知，这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策，需要多措并举，才能达到
258、目的，故选B。Passage 4【答案】1D2C3A4C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒。1细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplastics come from a variety of sources, including large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown about the common existence of th
259、ese materials within the human body”可知，微塑料颗粒的长度在50到500微米之间，有多种来源，包括可以分解成越来越小的碎片的较大塑料，因此，关于这些物质在人体的普遍存在还有很多未知之处，由此可知，微塑料颗粒的大小让我们很难知道它们普遍存在于人体中，故D项正确。2推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The team also evaluated the potential consumption of microplastics through inhalation （吸入）using previously reported data on microplastic
260、concentrations in the air and the Environmental Protection Agencys reported respiration rates. Based on these data, the researchers calculated that our annual consumption of microplastics via food and drink ranges from 39,000 to 52,000 particles.”可知，基兰考克斯的研究小组还利用先前报告的空气中微塑性物质浓度数据和环境保护署报告的呼吸速率，评估了吸入过
261、程中微塑料的潜在消耗量，根据这些数据，研究人员计算出，我们通过食品和饮料每年消耗的微塑料颗粒从39000到52000不等，由此可知，基兰考克斯的研究小组是通过分析数据来计算微塑料的潜在消耗量的，故C项正确。3细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The authors of the study found that people who drink exclusively from plastic water bottles absorb an additional 90,000 microplastics each year, compared to 4,000 among those who onl
262、y consume tap water.”可知，这项研究的作者发现，那些只喝塑料瓶装水的人每年会摄入90000个微塑料颗粒，而那些只喝自来水的人每年摄入4000个微塑料颗粒，由此可知，少喝塑料瓶装水有助于减少微塑料的摄入，故A项正确。4主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Microplastics are everywhere in our environment. Its hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming as many as 121,000 particles each year.”可知，微塑料在我们的环境中无处不在，在人类身上也发现这些微小的碎片并不奇怪，一项新的研究表明，美国人每年消耗的微塑料颗粒多达12.1万个，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒，故C项正确。
