1、2013高考英语二轮阅读理解精选（43）及答案A(四川卷，A)Its 5：00 in the morning when the alarm (闹钟) rings in my ears. I roll out of bed and walk blindly through the dark into the bathroom. I turn on the light and put on my glasses. The house is still as I walk downstairs while my husband and three kids sleep peacefully. Usu
2、ally I go for a long run, but today I choose my favorite exercise DVD, Insanity. Sweat pours down my face and into my eyes. My heart races as I force my body to finish each movement. As I near the end of the exercise, I feel extremely tired, but a smile is on my face. Its not a smile because the DVD
3、 is over, but a smile of success from pushing my body to its extreme limit.Some people enjoy shopping, smoking, food, work, or even chocolate. But I need exercise to get through each day. Some shake heads when they see me run through the town. Others get hurt when I refuse to try just one bite of th
4、eir grandmothers chocolate cake. They raise their eyebrows, surprised by my “no thank you，” or by my choice to have a salad. Over the years, I have learned its okay to just say “no”. I shouldnt feel sorry for refusing food that I dont want to eat.So what drives me to roll out of bed at 5：00 am.？What
5、 gives me the reason to just say no to ice cream? Commitment. A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety, increases selfconfidence and energy，extends life and above all improves my body shape.This is the point where a smile appears on my face as I look at myself in the mirr
6、or or try on my favorite pair of jeans that now fit just right.Its through commitment and sweat that I can make a difference within myself inside and out.一个每天按时起床锻炼身体的女人，一个有着自己个性与喜好的女人，为了保持自己的体型，降低压力，提高自信，坚持着这种日复一日的锻炼，让自己每天都挂着笑容面对生活。1Why is there a smile on the authors face in the morning?ABecause s
7、he sees her family sleeping peacefully.BBecause she finishes her favorite exercise.CBecause she enjoys the interesting DVD.DBecause she feels a sense of achievement.答案：D。细节判断题。根据第一个段落的最后一句话， 先排除C的说法；在本句中“a smile of success of pushing”可以断定其实是一种成就感令她脸上挂着笑容。最大的干扰项可能会是B，但如果细读，会找到关键词“success”。2Which of t
8、he following is TRUE according to Paragraph 2?AShe doesnt treat others politely.BShe likes to make others surprised.COthers dont understand what she dose.DOthers try to help her by offering her food.答案：C。细节判断题。从本段的情节来看，选项A，D都相差甚远；而“I need exercise to get through each day”正是表明了作者的喜好，而不是像选项B说的喜欢出奇，故排除
9、B。从“raised their eyebrows, surprised by.”来看，其实别人是感到奇怪而已。3What does the underlined word “commitment” in the last paragraph mean?AGood health. BFirm belief.CA strong power. DA regular habit.答案：B。词意理解题。从全文的语境信息来看，这么多年，这么坚持，这么享受，而且从“sweat”一词身上也能找到提示，即：坚定的信念与汗水，故选项B最符合语境。4What can we learn about the auth
10、or from the text?AShe acts in a strange way.BShe wants to look different from others.CShe aims to develop a good body shape.DShe has difficulty getting along with others.答案：C。理解判断题。文章的最后一段中有一句话“above all improves my body shape”，从这句话中可以确定选项C的说法是正确的。B(重庆卷，C)Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most
11、people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular dange
12、r was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning tha
13、t a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was longlived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is g
14、ood to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War .Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. H
15、as the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many firsttime parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages childr
16、en to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.本文介绍了人们对灰尘的不同态度和看法。16世纪早期，人们认为灰尘能阻挡疾病。人们不能洗澡。18世纪时人们认为洗掉灰尘对身体有好处，能阻止疾病。而现在，人们对灰尘有不同看法，有人认为不能碰灰尘，而有人认为灰尘能增强免疫力。5The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because _.Ath
17、ey lived healthily in a dirty environmentBthey thought bath houses were too dirty to stay inCthey believed disease could be spread in public bathsDthey considered bathing as the cause of skin disease答案：C。细节理解题。根据短文第二段第二、三句话可知。人们认为公共浴池是特别危险的，法国和英国的国王都关闭了他们的浴池，由此可知C项正确。6Which of the following best des
18、cribes Henry IVs attitude to bathing?AAfraid. BCurious.CApproving. DUninterested.答案：A。推理判断题。根据短文第二段最后两句话可知，享利四世以脏出名，当他得知有人洗澡，为了避免疾病侵袭，他下令不准这人出门。由此可知享利四世对于洗澡是相当害怕的。7. How does the passage mainly develop?A. By providing examples.B. By making comparisons.C. By following the order of time.D. By followin
19、g the order of importance.答案：C。细节理解题，本文是以时间为线索进行写作的。先写16世纪人们对灰尘的态度，然后是17世纪，最后写到今天人们的态度。8What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A. To stress the role of dirt.B. To introduce the history of dirt.C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.D. To present the change of views on dirt.答案：D。细节理解题
20、。整篇文章作者陈述了三个不同的时间，人们对待灰尘的看法，由此向我们展示了人们对灰尘观点的改变。C(湖北卷，D)Feeling blue about the world ? “Cheer up，” says science writer Matt Ridley.“The world has never been a better place to live in，and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”Ridley calls himself a rational optimistrational，be
21、cause hes carefully weighed the evidence optimistic，because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what hes set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book The Rational Optimist. He views mankind as a grand enterprise that，on the whole，ha
22、s done little but progress for 100, 000 years.He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.Heres how he explains his views.1)Shopping fuels inventionIt is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone.Even allowing for the many
23、people who still live in poverty，our own generation has access to more nutritious food，more convenient transport，bigger houses，better cars，and of course，more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us .This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things.The more we specialize
24、 and exchange，the better off well be.2) Brilliant advancesOne reason we are richer，healthier，taller，cleverer，longerlived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needsfood，clothing，fuel and shelterhave grown a lot cheaper.Take one example.In 1800 a candle providing one hours ligh
25、t cost six hours work.In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes work to pay for.In 1950 it was eight seconds.Today its half second.3) Lets not kill ourselves for climate changeMitigating(减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself.A ch
26、ild that dies from indoor smoke in a village，where the use of fassilfuel(化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by wellmeaning members of green political movements trying to save the world，is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change.If climaic change proves to be mild
27、，but cutting carbon causes real pain，we may well find that we have stopped a nosebleed by putting a tourniquet(止血带) around our necks.人类的进步是无法阻挡的，是令人乐观。在理性的乐观主义者一书中，作者阐述了自己对于生活中的乐观现象，并且对于购物这样普通的日常行为所带来的积极影响都做了详尽的分析和描述。9What is the theme of Ridleys most recent book?AWeakness of human nature.BConcern a
28、bout climate change.CImportance of practical thinking.DOptimism about human progress.答案：D。理解判断题。从第二段的前两句话中，反复提到一个关键词“optimistic”以及信息句“because that evidence shows.”；另外，“this is what hes set out to prove.”一句也正好清楚的表明了作者在本书中所以阐述的正是这个话题，正是与选项D的说法是一致的，即：人类的进步总是不可避免的。10How does Ridley look at shopping?AIt
29、encourages the creation of things.BIt results in shortage of goods.CIt demands more fossil fuels.DIt causes a poverty problem.答案：A。细节判断题。从“Shopping fuels invention”一段正是反映了Ridley的观点：购物能够激发创造发明。选项A与之相吻合。11The candle and lamp example is used to show that _.Aoil lamps give off more light than candlesBsh
30、ortening working time brings about a happier lifeCadvanced technology helps to produce better candlesDincreased production rate leads to lower cost of goods答案：D。细节判断题。根据Brilliant advances 一段中的“Take one example”一句很明显的确定为：作者拿蜡烛与灯的比较与变化正是为了前面他所提到的看法，故与选项D的说法是一致的。12What does the last sentence of the pas
31、sage imply?ACutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.BOverreaction to climate change may be dangerous.CPeoples health is closely related to climate change.DCareless medical treatment may cause great pain.答案：B。推理判断题。根据最后一句话中的“cutting carbon causes real pain”可以排除选项A与C的说法，因为它们大相径庭；而根据“putt
32、ing. around our necks”一句可以表明选项D中“careless”一词运用不当，是不符合语境的。故只有选项B是最正确的。D(全国卷，D)The way we do things round here Some years ago，I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started，“Dear John，I am quite pleased that you have decided to join us.” Tha
33、t “quite” saddened me. I thought he was saying “were kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else.”Then I discovered that in American English “quite” sometimes means “very”， while in British English it means “fairly”So the first lesson about working in other count
34、ries is to learn the language and by that I dont just mean the words people speak. It is body language，dress，manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures (文化)Some of these differences may be only on the surfacedress，food and hours of w
35、orkwhile others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate (气候)，while getting on with business. Some of the differences may be an improvement. People are more polite；the service is better；you ask f
36、or something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. However，other differences can be troubling, like punctuality (准时). If you invite people to a party at 7 oclock your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany, five minutes early in the American Midwest，an
37、hour early in Japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the UK, up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece. I prefer not to use the word “late” because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. It is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country.本文介绍了作者所感受到的文化差异
38、。13. The author was unhappy as mentioned in Paragraph 1 because he thought _.A. the American bank didnt think much of himB. the American bank might hire another personC. its difficult to get used to American cultureD. its easy to misunderstand Americans答案：A。推理判断题。由第一段中“That “quite” saddened me”可以推断出
39、作者认为这家美国银行不重视他。14The underlined word “highlights” in Paragraph 2 probably means _.A. encourages B. helps to narrowC. increases D. draws attention to答案：D。词义猜测题。由下文可知人们做事情的方式引起了作者对文化差异的关注。15According to the author，what should we do with most cultural differences?A. Ask the native people for help.B. Un
40、derstand and accept them.C. Do things in our own way.D. Do indepth research.答案：B。细节理解题。由第三段最后一句可知我们要习惯文化差异并接受存在的文化差异。16When invited to a party the people who are usually punctual are_. A. Italians B. Germans C. Greeks D. the British答案：B。细节理解题。由最后一段“If you invite people.on time in Germany.”可知B项正确。E(北
41、京卷，D)As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating (发电) and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in thei
42、r direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.The 19th century saw land grants (政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcont
43、inental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the west, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. With the completion of the interstate h
44、ighway system, many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died.Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them. We need alternati
45、ve energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.So tradeoffs will have to be made. Some scenic sports will be sacrificed. Some species (物种) will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations.
46、 Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.The lasting effects of these tradeoffs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. There are chances for that power a
47、nd money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.The money set aside in negotiated tradeoffs and the institution that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprin
48、t of power plants and transmission lines. So lets remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.本文是一篇说明文。19世纪，美国政府拨款修建铁路和公路，这既带来了好处，也带来了一些不利。现在21世纪，一种新型的电力系统会给美国带来好处还是坏处，这是值得考虑的一个问题。在建这种新型的电力系统时，我们要记住铁路和公路的影响。17What was the problem caused b
49、y the construction of the railways?A. Small towns along the railways became abandoned.B. Some railroad stops remained underused.C. Land in the West was hard to manage.D. Land grants went into private hands.答案：C。细节理解题。根据第二段的“.and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land
50、 management.”可知，建铁路导致的问题是“土地所有权给土地管理带来了挑战”。A项是修建公路的影响；B项说一些铁路站一直未被充分利用，是错误的；D项原文未说。18What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?A. The transmission of power. B. The use of money and power.C. The conservation of solar energy. D. The selecti
51、on of an ideal place. 答案：B。推理判断题。细读最后两段可知，对于可替代能源的发展主要的担忧是钱和力，钱和力可能带来一些好处，有可能被浪费掉，并且带来一些其他的问题。19What is the authors attitude towards building solar plants?A. Cautious. B. Approving. C. Doubtful. D. Disapproving.答案：A。推理判断题。根据全文以及文章的最后一句话“So lets remember the effects of the railroads and the highroads
52、 as we construct these new power plants in the West.”可知，对正在建立新的电力系统是比较谨慎的。20Which is the best title for the passage?A. How the Railways Have Affected the WestB. How Solar Energy Could Reshape the WestC. How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be ReducedD. How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled答案：B。主旨大意题。文章借助于铁路和公路对美国的影响，要说明的是太阳能这种新的电力系统对美国西部地区会有什么的影响。
