1、专题三不可忽视的小词代词、冠词、介词(短语)第六讲代词12021新高考卷As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitors memory.It sure does in _ (I).22021全国乙卷Ecotourism has _ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.32021浙江卷6月She was extremely pretty, and he
2、r house was a reflection of _ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.42020全国卷 Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 考点研析多维讲练 考点一 代词的基本用法1.人称代词与物主代
3、词类别第一人称第二人称第三人称主格(作主语)Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格(作宾语)meusyouyouhimheritthem形容词性物主代词(作定语)myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词(作主语、表语或宾语)mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirsShe was beautiful and could run faster than others.她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with joy.给我一个挑战，我会欣然接受。He inv
4、ited some friends of his to attend his birthday party.他邀请了一些朋友参加他的生日宴会。2反身代词(1)构成：第一、二人称反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加“-self”(复数加-selves)构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加-self(复数加-selves)构成。 数人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves(2)句法功能：反身代词在句中作宾语、表语或同位语。I sincerely hope you will
5、 enjoy yourself at the coming evening party.我真诚地希望你在即将到来的晚会上玩得开心。(3)反身代词的习惯用法adapt oneself to 适应dress oneself 自己穿衣occupy oneself with 忙于dress oneself 给自己穿衣behave yourself 举止规矩有礼devote oneself to 致力于apply oneself to 专心致志于help oneself to 随便吃/用enjoy oneself 玩得开心seat oneself 就座，入席make yourself at home 别
6、客气teach oneself 自学adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于“She thought I had hurt myself，” says Pahlsson.“她以为我伤到我自己了，”Pahlsson说。3指示代词this, that, these, those的用法指示代词用法this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this也可指下文将要谈到的人或物，起启下的作用that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that也可指上文提到过的人或物，起承上的作用What I want to say is this: you should grasp eve
7、ry minute to finish your work.我想说的是：你应该抓住每一分钟来完成你的工作。4不定代词(1)the other指两者中的另一个，表示特指。There are two pens here. One is his, and the other is Toms.这儿有两支钢笔，一支是他的，另一支是汤姆的。(2)other作前置定语，修饰可数名词复数，不可单独使用，表示泛指，意为“另外的，其他的”。We study English, maths, Chinese and other subjects.我们学习英语、数学、语文以及别的学科。(3)others泛指“其他人”或
8、“其他物”，常用结构：some. others.；而the others表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”。Some like staying at home at the weekend; others like going to the cinema.一些人喜欢周末待在家里，另一些人喜欢去看电影。(4)another泛指同类的人或物，指三者或三者以上的另一个，可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。I dont like this book. Please give me another one.我不喜欢这本书，请再给我一本。5不定代词both, all, either, any, neither,
9、 none都任何一个都不(全部否定)部分否定两者botheitherneithernot eitherboth和not连用三者或三者以上allanynonenot anyall和not连用Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge.玛丽总是很有想法，但据我所知没一个是有用的。即学即练(单句语法填空)12022南宁市第一次适应性测试 Shi Yan, chief of the Liaoning University of TCM, says he supports international students
10、to participate in such activities, which will help _ combine knowledge together with culture.22020新高考卷As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine _ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.32022泰安模拟As far as I am co
11、ncerned，cycling is a good solution.For one thing，bicycles dont need any petrol and they are energy-saving. For _，bicycles are environmentally friendly because they wont give off waste gas.42022湖南长郡中学检测However，quite a few others，especially _ in the countryside，would fix a lucky date so that their mar
12、riage would have“Double Happiness”考点二 it的用法1.it作人称代词的用法(1)it用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。(2)it指时间、距离、天气等。Its about 112 miles from London to Birmingham.从伦敦到伯明翰大约有112英里。2it用于某些句型Its (about/high)
13、 timethat-从句某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时，有时也用“should动词原形”)Its the first/second. timethat sb. has/have done 这是某人第几次做某事Its时间段since-从句自从有多长时间了Its时间段before-从句过了多长时间才As far as I know, it is 8 years since his father passed away.据我所知，他父亲去世已经八年了。3it作形式主语(宾语)的用法it常作形式主语(宾语)，替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。(1)it作形式主语的句型Itbeadj. (for
14、sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。As far as Im concerned, its necessary to have a good command of English.就我个人看来，掌握英语是必要的。Itbeadj.of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。I
15、t is silly of you to give up such a good chance.放弃这么好的一次机会你真傻。Itben.(for sb./sth.)to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有：pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.年轻人占据老年人座位没有礼貌。Itbeadj./n.doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有：no/little us
16、e, no/much good, useless, fun等。It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.独居而不和他人来往没有好处。(it作形式主语，动名词短语living alone without.为真正的主语)Itben./adj.主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strangethat从句”中，从句的谓语动词常用“should动词原形”，且should可以省略。Its necessary and important that we should mast
17、er the skills of operating computers.我们应该掌握电脑操作技术，这有必要而且非常重要。(2)it作形式宾语的情况主语believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/makeitadj./n.不定式/动名词/从句。No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it，然后接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)：like, dislike, hate, ap
18、preciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration.如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。I hate it when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟的。即学即练(单句语法填空)12022安庆二模Every new year in the heartland of industrial China, thousand
19、s upon thousands of motorcyclists brave the weather and hit the road, determined to make _ home.22022北京东城区质检 _ is estimated that the structure has 80 stones in all and each stone weighs about two tons.3However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000
20、people were using _ every day.42022唐山市三模After becoming an internet hit，Ding Zhen served as the local tourism ambassador and filmed “The World of Ding Zhen” to speak for his hometown. The film soon brought _ into peoples vision.小试牛刀.语法填空The worlds cities are getting more and more crowded.Cities such
21、as Tokyo and Shanghai 1._ (consider)“megacities (大城市)”，because of their big size and huge populations.There are two main reasons why cities are becoming so crowded.First，the primary cause of cities 2._ (become) so crowded is economy-related.As a country develops，3._ (it) cities become the engines of
22、 development.Jobs are available in these areas.For example，Tokyo was the motor for Japans economic boom in 4._ 1960s and 1970s；as a result，its population increased rapidly.People 5._ (move) to Tokyo because they could find employment there.Second，another contributing factor is sociocultural.Thousand
23、s of people move to the cities not only for jobs but also for 6._ (education) and personal reasons.The better universities in big cities attract thousands of students every year，and most of them choose 7._ (work) in the cities after graduation.Moreover，young people will move to the cities as rural a
24、reas are underdeveloped.In their opinions，it is a barrier to their personal freedom.In 8._ (conclude)，economic and sociocultural 9._ (factor) are the major causes of huge urban population.People will always move to the areas 10._ provide opportunities and freedom.写作运用补全下面写作， 注意本部分语法的运用。Dear fellow s
25、tudents，With College Entrance Examination approaching, 1._ _(我们很多人都承受着学习的压力)and therefore have developed an unhealthy lifestyle, ranging from studying deep into the night to taking little physical exercise, 2._(对我们的健康极其有害). To equip ourselves for the challenges of this senior year in our high school
26、, 3._ _(该是我们采取行动对不健康的生活方式说不的时候了). We are supposed to reasonably distribute our time of study and rest, as a result of which we are able to maintain an energetic state when faced with difficulties and pressure. Additionally, 4._ _(建议有规律地锻炼). Keeping healthy is also key to our success. Lets take actio
27、ns now!Students Union专题三不可忽视的小词代词、冠词、介词(短语)第六讲代词高考感悟1答案与解析：mine考查代词。与前面的it will always stick in the visitors memory呼应，这里表示It sure sticks in my memory，因此，本空填名词性物主代词mine。2答案与解析：its考查代词。空格在名词之前，因此填形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”起源。3答案与解析：herself考查代词。句意：她长得非常漂亮，她的房子也反映了她自己，一切都很高雅，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处要用反身代词herself。4答案与解析：i
28、ts考查代词。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。考点研析多维讲练考点一1答案与解析：them考查人称代词。句意：辽宁中医药大学负责人石岩表示，他支持国际学生参加此类活动，这将有助于国际生将知识与文化结合起来。所以应用them代指。2答案与解析：themselves句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。设空处所填词指代该句主语visitors，意为“他们自己”，应用反身代词。故填themselves。3答案与解析：another考查代词。句意：在我看来，骑自行车是一个不错的解决方案。一方面，
29、自行车不需要汽油，并且节能；另一方面，自行车也很环保，因为它们不会释放任何废气。for one thing.for another.意为“一方面另一方面”。故填another。4答案与解析：those考查代词。根据语境可知，空处指那些在农村地区的人，表示复数，应用代词。故填those。考点二1答案与解析：it考查代词。句意：每年春节，在中国工业的中心地带，成千上万的骑摩托的人不畏寒冷的天气，骑摩托上路，下定决心回家。make it to sp.为固定搭配，意为“成功到某地”，home为副词，不与介词连用，make it home意为“成功到家”。故填it。2答案与解析：It在该句中， it是形
30、式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。it is estimated that . “据估计”。3答案与解析：it句意：然而，该地铁很快被证明是巨大的成功，在六个月内，每天25 000多人使用它。根据语境可知，此处应用it指代文中的the railway。4答案与解析：it考查人称代词。此处代指his hometown，所以应用it代指。小试牛刀.语法填空【语篇解读】本文是说明文。主要介绍了城市变得越来越拥挤的两个主要原因：经济上的原因和社会文化方面的原因。1答案与解析：are considered考查动词的时态和语态。此处表示，像东京和上海这样的城市被认为是“大城市”，是因为它们面积大、人
31、口众多。主语和谓语之间为被动关系，又根据语境可知此处应用一般现在时。故填are considered。2答案与解析：becoming考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为通格名词动名词短语组成的动名词复合结构，作介词of的宾语。故空处填becoming。3答案与解析：its考查代词。分析句子结构可知，这里应用形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词cities。故填its。4答案与解析：the考查冠词。定冠词the用于逢10的复数形式的数词前，表示一个世纪的某某年代等其他内容。根据空后的1960s and 1970s可知，空处应填the。5答案与解析：moved考查动词的时态。空处作主句的谓语；根据从
32、句所用的一般过去时可知，此处也应用一般过去时。故填moved。6答案与解析：educational考查词性转换。空处与“personal”并列修饰后面的名词reasons，表示“教育上的和个人的原因”。故填形容词educational“教育的，有关教育的”。7答案与解析：to work考查非谓语动词。choose to do sth.“选择做某事”为固定用法。故填to work。8答案与解析：conclusion考查词性转换。此处表示，综上所述，经济和社会文化方面的因素是城市人口众多的主要原因。in conclusion为固定搭配，意为“综上所述”，符合语境。故填conclusion。9答案与
33、解析：factors考查名词的数。空处作主语，根据空后的谓语动词are可知，空处应为复数形式。故填factors。10答案与解析：which/that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为areas，指物，关系词在从句中作主语。因此应使用which/that。.写作运用1答案：many of us are under much pressure from study2答案：which is extremely harmful to our health3答案：it is high time that we take actions to say no to the unhealthy lifestyle4答案：it is recommended that we should work out regularly
