1、专题八代词1.(2021全国乙卷，63)Ecotourism has (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.答案：its修饰名词origin，应用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的起源”。故填its。2(2021新高考卷，64)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitors memory. It sure does in (I). 答案：mine此处
2、表示这条路必定会留在我的记忆中。此句中it指代this long and winding road，does指代动词stick，设空处应用名词性物主代词mine，指代my memory，故填mine。3(2021浙江高考，61)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order. 答案：herself句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。此处意为“她自己”，应用反身代词。故填herself。4
3、(2020全国卷，70)Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.答案：its根据设空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its。5(2020江苏高考，32)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before per
4、forming, and then goes for (what)答案：whatever句意：这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧，然后全力以赴。此处作goes for的宾语，指代“任何事情”，whatever符合语境。6(2020新高考卷，42)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.答案
5、：themselves句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。7(2019 天津高考，3)A study shows the students who are engaged in afterschool activities are happier than who are not.答案：those设空处指代前面的复数名词the students，同时为who引导的定语从句的先行词，此时应该用表示特指的指示代词those。8(2021全国甲卷，短文改错)Only a li
6、ttle choose to deal with the problems on our own. 答案：littlefew句意：只有少数人选择自己解决问题。指代“少数人”应用a few。故将little改为few。ourtheir根据本句的讨论对象为第三人称，相应的形容词性物主代词应用their，故将our改为 their。9(2020全国卷，短文改错)Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China. 答案：yoursyour/you句意：祝你在中国学习功夫好运。此处可表达为“best of luck with sb doing sth”或
7、“best of luck with sbs doing sth”，意为“祝某人在好运”。故将yours改为your/you。10(2019全国卷，短文改错)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them. 答案：yourselvesthemselves此处指代主语customers，要用themselves。一 代词的分类代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等。续表连接代词who,
8、whom, whose, which, what, where, when, why, how (用法请参阅名词性从句部分)关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that (用法请参阅定语从句部分)二 重要代词的用法1人称代词(1)不定代词anybody, everybody, nobody, anyone, someone, everyone, no one及whoever和person在正式场合使用时，可用he, him代替。如Nobody knows it, does he?(2)人称代词并列的排列顺序单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称第三人称第一人称。Yo
9、u, he and I are fond of music.复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称第二人称第三人称。We, you and they are all good citizens.2物主代词表示所有关系的代词称为物主代词，可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在名词前作定语；名词性物主代词作句子的主语、宾语和表语。Mr Wang is my English teacher. (定语) Whose mobile phone is this? Its mine. (表语)Ive finished my homework. Have you finished you
10、rs? (宾语)3反身代词反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语、同位语等。(1)有些动词如dress, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave等常用反身代词作宾语，表示动作回到执行者本身。 We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.Please help yourself to some fruit.I could not dress (myself) up at that time.Please allow me to introduce myself first.(2)不少
11、情况下，反身代词可起强调作用，具有状语的性质，这时可放到句子后部。I prefer to do the work myself.4指示代词常用的指示代词有this, that, these, those。这些指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。(1)指示代词this和that的区别 this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon. Thats why he didnt
12、 come.注意在口语中，this和that可用作副词来修饰形容词，以表示程度。I didnt realize it was going to be this far (as far as this). If your friend is that clever, why isnt he rich? (2)such的用法such一般在句中作定语和主语；在作定语时，它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词a(n)应放在such之后；而such在与no, some, any, several, many, little, few, all等连用时，放在它们的后面。Such a great number of p
13、eople died because the earthquake happened while they were sleeping.Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.(3)so的用法在think, say, hear, do, hope, believe, expect, fear, be afraid等后，常用so替代上文提到的内容或情况。The new English teacher is very strict.Yes, I think so.Will it be fine tomorrow?
14、I hope so.注意so还可以用于以下句型中作替代词：so助动词/情态动词/连系动词主语so主语助动词/情态动词/连系动词主语助动词/情态动词/连系动词soShe bought a computer.So did I.He will go to Hangzhou for a holiday tomorrow.So he will.The teacher asked us to read the text and we did so.(4)the same . as “与一样的”(不是同一个)；the same . that (指同一个)This is the same watch as I
15、 lost. (相似的，但不是同一块手表)This is the same watch that I lost.(是丢失的那块手表)5常用不定代词用法辨析(1)some与any; one与it; that与thosesome, anysome可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议、请求等。Your coffee smells great!Its from Mexico. Would you like some?some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。I have read this article in some magazine.Which
16、of the three ways shall I take to the village?Any way as you please.one, itone表示泛指，指代前面提到过的那类人或物中的一个，用于指代可数名词。若有修饰词，则必须与冠词连用。可有前置、后置定语。其复数为ones。it所代替的是前面提到过的“同名同物”，既可以代替可数名词，也可以代替不可数名词，it前通常不加修饰语。it还可指代一件具体的事，而one不可以。Cars do cause us some health problemsin fact far more serious ones than mobile phon
17、es do.Of all the dresses, this is the one I like best.This film is an interesting one and I like to see it.that, thosethat通常指代前面提到的不可数名词，而且有后置定语。those指代前面提到的可数名词复数，常有后置定语。Generally speaking, the weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.The dishes in this restaurant is similar to those in t
18、hat restaurant.(2)another, other, the other, others, the others的用法(3)all, both, either, neither, each和every的用法词性数量意义、用法allpron.三个或三个以上的人或物作主语指“所有的人”时谓语动词用复数，指“所有的事情”时，谓语动词用单数not无论放在all前还是后，都表示部分否定，全部否定用none。除了all之外， both, each, every以及由every构成的不定代词，加not都表示部分否定，若要表示全部否定，需要借助neither, nothing, no one,
19、nobody等词可以和of短语连用bothpron.两个人或物可以和of短语连用eitherpron.两者中任何一个还可作副词，表示“也”，用在否定句句尾neitherpron.两者都不还可表示“也不”，此时以neither开头常用部分倒装eachpron.adj.两者或两者以上的每一个强调个体可以与of短语连用everyadj.三者或三者以上中的每一个整体描述不能与of短语连用(4)none, no one, nothing与no的用法none既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指概念，常用来回答how many/much引导的疑问句；no one只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答who引导的
20、疑问句；nothing “什么也没有”，否定一切，常用来回答what引导的疑问句。How many students are there in the classroom now? None.Who is in the classroom? No one./Nobody.none后面可加of引导的介词短语，而something/anything/everything/nothing, someone/anyone/everyone/no one却不能。no(not any)在句子中作定语，修饰可数或不可数名词。none在句中作主语或宾语。There is no water on the moo
21、n. (定语) None of them knows the story. (主语)I know none of them. (宾语)(5)few, a few, little与a little的用法词义用法例句few几乎没有(否定)修饰可数名词复数Few words are best.续表词义用法例句a few有几个(肯定)修饰可数名词复数I have only a few books.little几乎没有(否定)修饰不可数名词She had little affection for him.a little有一点(肯定)修饰不可数名词A little water is enough.6it
22、的用法(1)it作形式主语或形式宾语：it作形式主语或形式宾语时， 真正的主语或宾语可以是动词不定式、动名词或由that引导的主语或宾语从句，把真正的主语或宾语移到句后。It is a good habit to do morning exercises.It is a pity that you didnt see such a good film.Id appreciate it if you can help me with my English.(2)it用于强调句型：Itis/was被强调的部分that/who其他。It is Professor Wang that/who teac
23、hes us English every Monday afternoon.(3)it引起的几个易混时间句型。Itbe时间段since从句，“自从以来已多久了”。在“It is/has been . since .”句型中，注意：since从句的谓语动词是终止性动词，则主句动作或状态自该终止性动词动作开始时算起；若since从句的谓语动词是延续性动词，则主句动作或所表示的状态自该延续性动词动作结束时开始。It is three years since she left Beijing. It is three years since she lived in Beijing.Itbe时间段be
24、fore从句，主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为“过多长时间才”；主句中的谓语动词是否定式时，意为“没过多久就”。主句的时态可用一般过去时was或一般将来时will be；用was时，before从句的动词用一般过去时；用will be时，before从句常用一般现在时。It was not long before she learned those poems by heart.It was long before the police arrived.It will be hours before he makes a decision.Itbe时间when从句，主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语
25、动词在时态上一般是一致的，主句是will be, when从句用一般现在时代替将来时。It was already 8 oclock when we got home. It was the next morning when we finished our work.It will be midnight when they get there.单句语法填空1 is highly likely that the remains that are found in Siberia these days have been preserved.答案：It句意：很可能最近在西伯利亚发现的遗迹已经得
26、到了保护。此处it是形式主语，而真正的主语是后面由that引导的主语从句that the remains that are found in Siberia these days have been preserved。2(2021黑龙江省实验中学高三上学期学年阶段测试)I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times as .答案：much句意：相比那件，我更喜欢这件夹克，但价钱几乎是那件的三倍。表示“A是B的多少倍”可以用“A谓语动词倍数as形容词原级(asB)”的结构来表示；价钱是不可数，故填
27、much。3(2021黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学高三上学期第一次月考)I think Mrs Stark could be between 50 and 60 years of age.答案：anywhere句意：我认为斯塔尔克夫人的年龄可能在50到60岁之间。此处用anywhere表示抽象意义上的“任何地方”，即在50到60岁之间的某个年龄。故填anywhere。4If you want to keep (you) from being hungry later of the day, youd better eat within 90 minutes after waking up.答案：y
28、ourself句意：如果你想这一天不饿的话，你最好在醒来后九十分钟内吃东西。此处反身代词作宾语，故填yourself。5What should also do is turn off the lights when we leave our classrooms or dorms.答案：we句意：我们也要做的是离开教室或宿舍时随手关灯。下文提到的“when we leave our classrooms”也是提示。6Some suggested going boating in the lake, while thought it a good idea to climb the hill n
29、ear our school.答案：otherssome . others . “一些人另一些人”。7You can choose of the books on the list.答案：anyany在此句中为不定代词，意为“任一，任何一些”。8Besides your name card, I found a passport and a credit card in it, of which have your name on them.答案：both此处用both指代前面提到的“a passport and a credit card”。9My schoolbag, which is b
30、rand new, is a common pack bag; it is a black with a Chinese knot on the top.答案：one此处用one指代前面提到的可数名词schoolbag。10Excuse me, do you want David or Brown to do it? is up to the job, Im afraid.答案：Neither句意：打扰一下，你想让戴维还是布朗做这项工作呢？恐怕他们俩都不能胜任。neither表示“两者都不”，符合语境。.单句改错1The two girls are getting on very well a
31、nd share some with each other. 答案：somemuch由getting on very well (相处得很融洽)可知两人有很多共同点，故将some改为much。2Is there anything else I can do for you, Jeff?No. Thanks. I really appreciate when you lent all your notes to me before the exam. 答案：appreciate后加itit在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的从句。3(2021呼和浩特市高三年级质量普查调研考试)I have an
32、 easygoing family of four and all of my parents are very approachable. 答案：allboth句意：我有一个随和的四口之家， 我父母都很平易近人。此处指父母两个人，所以用代词both；all指三个或三个以上。 故将all改为both。4In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in other, knives and forks. 答案：otherothersothers泛指其他国家，没有范围限制。5Good families are much to all th
33、eir members, but something to none. 答案：somethingeverything句意：优秀的家庭对它们的成员们来说意味着许多，但并不是一切。此处指“一切”，故将something 改为everything。.短文改错(2021四川石室中学高三月考)Even to this day, I still remember the very moment when I waved my pingpong paddle at the first time. At the end of primary school, I original intended to tak
34、e up this sport to kill time during my boring summer holiday. Never could I imagine that it would end up my favorite in my life.As my pingpong skills improved with practice, and I soon found that no one wanted to play with me anymore. Later, my coach introduced me to a sports center for the elderly
35、organized by the certain university. It was pretty strange being the youngest boy played with a crowd of old people. But the gap in ages faded as soon as I lifted our paddles and put our focus on the tiny ball. The experience made me realize that what I have learned by then was like a drop in the oc
36、ean. This made me enthusiastic to practise even much.答案：Even to this day, I still remember the very moment when I waved my pingpong paddle the first time. At the end of primary school, I intended to take up this sport to kill time during my boring summer holiday. Never could I imagine that it would
37、end up my favorite in my life.As my pingpong skills improved with practice, I soon found that no one wanted to play with me anymore. Later, my coach introduced me to a sports center for the elderly organized by certain university. It was pretty strange being the youngest boy with a crowd of old peop
38、le. But the gap in faded as soon as lifted our paddles and put our focus on the tiny ball. The experience made me realize that what I learned by then was like a drop in the ocean. This made me enthusiastic to practise even . 1.atfor考查介词。for the first time“第一次”，为固定短语。故将at改为for。2originaloriginally考查副词
39、。修饰动词intend，需用副词作状语。故将original改为originally。3my前加as考查介词。end up as意为“最后成为”。故在my前加as。4去掉and考查连词。as引导的是时间状语从句，后面的是主句，不需要连词and连接。故将and去掉。5thea考查冠词。university为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且certain的发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故将the改为a。6playedplaying考查非谓语动词。play和逻辑主语boy为主动关系，需用现在分词形式作后置定语。故将played改为playing。7agesage考查名词。此处表示“年龄的差距”，表示抽象概念，不可数。故将ages改为age。8Iwe考查代词。句意：但当我们举起球拍，把注意力放在小球上时，年龄差距就消失了。根据上文“with a crowd of old people”以及下文“our paddles” “our focus”可知，此处对应的人称代词为“我们”。故将I改为we。9havehad考查动词的时态。句意：这次经历让我意识到，那时我所学到的只是沧海一粟。“learn”发生在“made me realize”之前，表示“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时。故将have改为had。10muchmore考查副词的比较级。even修饰副词的比较级。故将much改为more。
