1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。课时提升作业 十七必修4Unit 2Working the land(限时35分钟). 阅读理解AWhen we think about endangered species, we typically think of mammals such as whales, tigers or pandas. But the over 5, 500 of mammal species on Earth is a relatively poor numberand it pale
2、s in comparison with bacteria, of which there are at least a million different species. Despite their vast numbers, little research has been done to understand the impact that modern human practices have on these tiny organisms(生物), which have an important influence on many aspects of our lives. The
3、re are also reasons for concern over the way humans are affecting bacterial species, and in many cases we are causing the same type of problems that affect larger organisms. Bacterial population structures are definitely changing, and bacterial species are being transported to new locations. Perhaps
4、 some bacteria are even on their way to extinction, although we dont really have enough information to be certain yet. Why should we care if bacteria are being spread to new places? Besides the obvious potential for spreading diseases to humans, animals and crops, there are also hidden dangers. Micr
5、oorganisms are invisible to the naked eye, so we tend to ignore them and dont necessarily appreciate their role in how the planet operates. Bacteria are very important to biogeochemistrythe cycling of nutrition and other chemicals through ecosystems. For instance, before humans invented a way to mak
6、e fertilizer industrially, every single nitrogen(氮)atom in our proteins and DNA had to be chemically caught by a bacterial cell before it could be taken in by plants and then enter the human food chain. The oxygen we breathe is largely made by microorganisms in the oceans rather than mainly by rainf
7、orests, as is opposite to common belief. Our effects on bacteria have the potential to change these basic bacterial functions. It is vital to gain a better understanding of how humans are affecting microorganisms distribution, their abundance, and their life-keeping processes. Although bacteria are
8、invisible, we overlook them at our own risk. 【文章大意】这篇文章主要讲了细菌的作用, 以及很多细菌成了濒危物种。1. What can be learned about the bacteria according to the text? A. Their population is becoming larger. B. Some of them may become endangered species. C. They only cause great threat to other creatures. D. Much attention
9、 has been drawn to their researches. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知一些细菌也成为了濒危物种。2. What was the first step of the cycling of a nitrogen atom before entering our body? A. Being caught by a bacterial cell. B. Entering the human food chain. C. Being transported by humans. D. Being taken in by plants. 【解析】选A。细节
10、理解题。由第五段every single nitrogen atom in our proteins and DNA had to be chemically caught by a bacterial cell before it could be taken in by plants and then enter the human food chain. 可知氮原子在进入我们的身体之前, 首先要被细菌细胞抓住。3. Where is the majority of oxygen produced according to the text? A. In the human food ch
11、ain. B. In the rainforest. C. In the mountains. D. In the oceans. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第五段The oxygen we breathe is largely made by microorganisms in the oceans rather than mainly by rainforests, as is opposite to common belief. 可知大部分氧气是由海洋中的微生物产生的。4. Which part of the newspaper is the text probably taken f
12、rom? A. Science and technology. B. Health and medicine. C. Agriculture and animals. D. Environment and energy. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。这篇文章主要讲了细菌的作用, 以及很多细菌成了濒危物种, 所以这篇文章最可能出现在报纸的科技板块。【知识拓展】长难句分析Despite their vast numbers, little research has been done to understand the impact that modern human practices have
13、on these tiny organisms, which have an important influence on many aspects of our lives. 翻译: 尽管它们数目众多, 但是很少有调查去研究现在人们的行为会对这些微小的生物的影响, 而这会对我们人类生活的很多方面起着至关重要的作用。分析: 本句的主干是little research has been done to understand the impact, that引导限定性定语从句修饰前面的impact, which引导非限定性定语从句修饰前面整个句子。BOur mother earth is goin
14、g through a very tough situation and we, the entire human race, are destroying our environment or unconsciously without even realizing its consequences. Now we have to act very smartly and plan something to sustain what we still have, getting all necessary support from nature to lead healthy lives.
15、Gardening is always an excellent and environmentally friendly idea. If you can go for sustainable gardening, then it will be even more useful for all. Gardening is a favorite hobby for many. It is time to channelize your hobby towards a more meaningful motivation. When we do gardening we need to use
16、 different ingredients to grow plants. Some of them are natural resources like water, soil, sunshine, and many things like these. Using these resources smartly is a part of sustainable gardening. Some simple techniques include: use less water and organic things to grow plants; try to store rainwater
17、 so that you can use them for gardening; try using less energy to drive devices; avoid using plastics in any form while gardening; reuse the leaves from your garden to fertilize them. These are the basic sustainable measures. To do so we need to have proper knowledge about gardening and its requirem
18、ents so that we can use proper resources without wasting any of them. In todays busy life we dont get much time to spend on our environment. Gardening gives us a chance to do so. We can also have some pesticide-free and fresh food if we grow them in our garden. This is the right time to do some good
19、 to protect our own environment and gardening is one of the easiest ways. Do you want to start gardening, but youre not sure how? Click here: http: /www. gardenhowto. com. 【文章大意】本文重点介绍怎样合理利用资源发展园艺, 不浪费资源, 不产生对环境有害的物质, 从而保护地球。5. What does the underlined word “channelize” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. C
20、ause. B. Transform. C. Direct. D. Associate. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。本句中channelize来源于channel“渠道, 频道”, 根据后半句towards a more. . . 可知, channelize为“指导, 导向”的意思, 故选C。6. Which of the following belongs to a sustainable measure? A. Using advanced electrical machines. B. Avoiding fertilizers. C. Watering plants with coll
21、ected rainwater. D. Clearing away the leaves. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段try to store rainwater so that you can use them for gardening可知, 使用存储的雨水来浇灌植物, 是属于可持续发展的措施, 故选C。7. What is the benefit of sustainable gardening? A. It requires little water. B. It needs no fertilizer. C. It breaks up plastics. D. It doe
22、snt waste any resource. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段To do so we need to have proper knowledge about gardening and its requirements so that we can use proper resources without wasting any of them. 可知, 用这样的方法, 可以合理利用资源, 不浪费资源, 故选D。8. Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A newspaper. B. The Internet. C.
23、A guidebook. D. A science report. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段Click here: http: /www. gardenhowto. com. 可知, 本文来源于网站, 故选B。【知识拓展】难句解读To do so we need to have proper knowledge about gardening and its requirements so that we can use proper resources without wasting any of them. 翻译: 要想做到这一点, 我们需要对园艺和它的要求有所了解, 只有这
24、样我们才能做到不浪费资源, 合理利用资源。分析: 本句是so that 引导的目的状语从句, 主句中To do so为目的状语。. 完形填空Isnt it amazing how you never have to water your weeds or nurture (培育) them and they still give you an unwanted crop? I can remember as a young boy my grandfather showed me how to1 this annoying weed called Bermuda grass. It was 2
25、 stuff and it would really 3 if you didnt get it out by the 4. When my wife and I bought our first home about 8 years ago, what I had to deal with this is this certain part weeds5 to the Bermuda grass, which would also spread wildly. After getting the inside of our home6, it was time to work on the
26、outside. On my hands and knees I 7 attacked the weeds with a small hand spade getting each one 8 by the roots. Just this Spring I realized that one particular weed was no longer 9 but another one was in full 10. So again, I got down on my hands and knees and got to work 11 them from my yard. When I
27、was 12, my yard was better off. Sometimes our life can be so similar. We all have weeds in our life. These weeds can be challenges, setbacks, or 13 beliefs, and the list can be 14. When dealing with these weeds of15, the 16 is to get to the root of them and remove them one by one out and eventually
28、you will 17 this round. And when another crop of weeds 18, deal with them directly 19 they spread, because now that you know what to do with them by getting to the root of it, it will give you more courage and 20 the next time a problem arises up. 【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议类短文阅读。文章主要讲述了作者自己铲除杂草的经历, 引申到我们如何铲除我们
29、人生中的杂草。1. A. eat upB. dig upC. break upD. put up【解析】选B。根据后句It was _stuff and it would really _if you didnt get it out by the _. 提示可知祖父给我示范如何铲除一种叫百慕大草的讨厌杂草。dig up把挖出来, 铲除, 符合语境。2. A. powerfulB. poisonousC. sensitiveD. terrible【解析】选D。根据前句中的this annoying weed“讨厌的杂草”可知, 这种草是一种很可怕的(terrible)东西。3. A. spre
30、adB. succeedC. withdrawD. compromise【解析】选A。根据后句if you didnt get it out, 可知如果你不斩草除根, 它就会逐渐蔓延(spread)开来。4. A. leavesB. handsC. spadesD. roots【解析】选D。根据后文attacked the weeds with a small hand spade getting each one _by the roots. 直接找到答案, 这里指斩草除根(root)。5. A. attractiveB. similarC. fundamentalD. unknown【解析
31、】选B。根据后句which would also spread wildly. 提示可知, 这一大片杂草简直可以与那时候的百慕大草相似(similar)。6. A. countedB. mendedC. appreciatedD. settled【解析】选D。根据后句it was time to work on the outside. 该清理外面了。可知我们处理(settle)好屋子的内部。7. A. energeticallyB. unsuccessfullyC. curiouslyD. thankfully【解析】选A。根据前句On my hands and knees I可知, 作者很
32、积极地铲草。句意: 我跪在地上不知疲倦地(energetically), 用一个小手铲把所有的杂草连根除掉。8. A. insideB. outC. offD. across【解析】选B。根据前文It was _stuff and it would really _if you didnt get it out by the _. 提示可以直接选出答案。这里指作者用小铲将每一根杂草连根拔掉。get sth. out把事物弄出来, 即拔起。9. A. usefulB. dynamicC. differentD. common【解析】选D。根据后句but another one was in fu
33、ll _. 可知, 作者发觉其中一种杂草已经难寻踪影即不常见(common)了。10. A. force B. length C. detail D. vain【解析】选A。短语in full force充分发挥威力。这里指另一种杂草已经铺天盖地。故选A。11. A. collectingB. attendingC. riddingD. distinguishing【解析】选C。根据前句So again, I got down on my hands and knees可知, 我又一次跪在地上开始了我的除(rid)草护园的行动。12. A. worn-outB. accustomedC. fi
34、nishedD. introduced【解析】选C。 根据后句my yard was better off. 可知, 除完(finish)草后作者的院子变利落了。13. A. familiarB. religiousC. pastD. negative【解析】选D。negative beliefs指消极的想法。这些杂草有可能是挑战、挫折、消极的想法。14. A. reasonableB. endlessC. normalD. uncertain【解析】选B。根据前句These weeds can be challenges, setbacks, or _beliefs, 可知, 这个清单不止是
35、这些, 可能是无穷无尽的(endless)。15. A. lifeB. schoolC. houseD. factory【解析】选A。根据前文Sometimes our life can be so similar. 提示可知这里指对付这些人生(life)中的杂草。16. A. progressB. solutionC. disadvantageD. permission【解析】选B。根据前句可知, 这里指对付人生中的杂草的解决(solution)方法是逐一斩草除根。17. A. interruptB. memorizeC. conquerD. recognize【解析】选C。根据句中even
36、tually“最终”的提示可知, 这里是指最终征服(conquer)它。18. A. shows upB. shows offC. takes upD. takes【解析】选A。根据后句deal with them directly _they spread, 可知, 如果出现(show up)了另一种杂草。19. A. unlessB. even ifC. beforeD. so that【解析】选C。根据后句because now that you know what to do with them by getting to the root of it, 可知, 要在杂草没蔓延之前(b
37、efore)立即处理掉。20. A. impressionB. motivationC. wisdomD. satisfaction【解析】选C。根据前面的courage提示可知, 你就有更多的勇气和智慧(wisdom)来解决了。【知识拓展】长难句分析When my wife and I bought our first home about 8 years ago, what I had to deal with this is this certain part weeds similar to the Bermuda grass, which would also spread wild
38、ly. 翻译: 当我和妻子在大约八年前买第一套房子时, 我必须要处理的就是一片杂草, 这一大片杂草简直可以与那时候的百慕大草很相似, 繁殖的很快。分析: 本句中when引导时间状语从句, what 引导主语从句, similar to the Bermuda grass修饰前面的weeds, which would also spread wildly为非限定式定语从句修饰weeds。. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。My father always had a garden. He once found a plot even when we li
39、ved in the house with someone else. They always 1. _(appreciate) the vegetables he provided in exchange 2. _ his use of the garden plot. The vegetables were very important to our food supply but he 3. _(probable) would have had a garden anyway. He was from a large family with 11 brothers and sisters
40、 4. _had learned to depend on a garden for adequate food. Each year in early spring, he used a small push plow(犁) 5. _(prepare) the soil for the plants and seeds. He always had 6. _(tomato), peppers and watermelons. One summer watermelons came up from 7. _ we had threw the seeds. He built a shelf fo
41、r the melons to rest on while they grew very large. This became the conversation of the neighborhood. In the fall Dad would remove all of the 8. _(die) plants and sow turnip(甘蓝)seeds over the whole plot that would provide turnips for most of the winter 9. _(month). In later years when we had 10. _(w
42、e) own home he added a flower garden. His prize flowers entered the Fayette County Fair each year. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述父亲喜欢在花园里种植一些时令蔬菜供一家人食用。比如, 夏天的西红柿、西瓜, 冬天的甘蓝等。1. 【解析】appreciated。全文讲述的是过去的事情, 用一般过去时态。2. 【解析】for。in exchange for意为“交换”, 是固定搭配。3. 【解析】probably。have是动词, 用副词修饰。4. 【解析】who/that。分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句,
43、 先行词11 brothers and sisters在从句中作主语, 用关系代词who/that。5. 【解析】to prepare。此处动词不定式表示目的, 作目的状语。6. 【解析】tomatoes。tomato是可数名词, 用复数表示种类。7. 【解析】where。根据句意: 一个夏天西瓜从我们扔掉种子的地方长了出来。用连接副词where引导宾语从句。8. 【解析】dead/dying。plants是名词, 其前用形容词作定语。9. 【解析】months。由定语winter可知应用名词的复数形式, 因为冬季不是由一个月份组成的。10. 【解析】our。home是名词, 其前用形容词性物主代词作定语。关闭Word文档返回原板块
