1、被动语态和动词不定式的被动形式语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.It was going to be tested out by Larrys wife，Claire.2.By that time，Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.3.The women were impressed by Claire，the house and the delicious cuisine.4.What a sweet victory to be envied by those women！1.例句1中的黑体字部分为过去将来时
2、的被动形式，其构成是was/were going tobedone。2.例句3中的黑体字部分为一般过去时的被动形式，其构成是was/weredone。3.例句2、4中的黑体字部分为动词不定式一般式的被动形式，其构成是tobedone。英语中有两种语态，一种是主动语态，一种是被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。一、被动语态的基本构成和用法被动语态由“be过去分词”构成，被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。下面以do为例列举各种时态的被动语态的形式。时态被动结构一般现在时a
3、m/is/aredone一般过去时was/weredone一般将来时shall/will/am/is/are (going to)bedone过去将来时should/would/was/were(going to)bedone现在进行时am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时was/werebeingdone现在完成时have/hasbeendone过去完成时hadbeendone将来完成时shall/willhavebeendone过去将来完成时should/wouldhavebeendoneEveryone is expected to obey the following rule
4、s.希望大家遵守以下规定。Some volunteers will be sent to the remote village to help improve the education there.一些志愿者将被派往那个偏远的村庄来帮助提高那里的教育水平。English lessons are being broadcast on the radio.广播上正在播英语课程。The work will have been finished by the end of next month.到下个月底前这项工作将会完成。即时训练1用所给动词的适当形式填空The tourists were acc
5、ompanied (accompany) by a guide when they travelled in Beijing.He is envied (envy) by many men，because he has a big house，a car and a good family.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded (reward) with success in the end.二、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题1否定词not的位置在第一个助动词
6、或情态动词之后。He was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be given a doctors degree.听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。2“get过去分词”也表被动We got separated when we entered the big hall.我们进入大厅时被挤散了。3“be过去分词”并非都是被动语态系动词 be，feel，seem，look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，构成系表结构，表示某种状态。Im interested in mathematics.我对数学感兴趣。He seems
7、 unsatisfied with his work.他似乎对自己的工作不满意。4某些情况用主动语态来表示被动含义有些动词如read，write，clean，wash，iron，burn，draw，cook，keep，cut，open，blow，peel，sell，act等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well，easily，smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。The door doesnt open easily.门不容易打开。Bikes of that
8、kind sell well.那种自行车好卖。5动词短语动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。The old man was often laughed at.那位老人经常受人嘲笑。(不可省掉介词at)即时训练2用所给动词的适当形式填空As we all know，this pen writes(write) smoothly.I was taken(take) good care of by my uncle when I was young.三、动词不定式的被动形式动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词与其是被动关系时，动词不定式一般使用被动形式。不定式的
9、被动式可分为一般式和完成式。构成意义一般式to be done表示发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生的被动动作完成式to have been done表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作1.动词不定式被动式的句法功能作主语Sometimes to be understood is not an easy job.有时被人理解并不是一件容易的事。名师点津(1)动词不定式(短语)作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。It is an honour to be invited to speak here.能被邀请在这儿讲话，真是一件荣幸的事。(2)单个动词不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数
10、形式。To be adopted by a key university is difficult for him.对他来说，被一所重点大学录取是困难的。作表语The task is to be finished by next month.这项工作要在下个月才能完成。作宾语The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。名师点津有些动词，如want，need，require作“需要”讲时，后常接动词不定式的被动形式或动名词形式的主动形式。The house wants repairing/to be r
11、epaired.这座房子需要修理了。These flowers need watering/to be watered once a day.这些花需要每天浇一次水。作宾语补足语He wanted the boy to be punished for telling lies.他想让那个男孩因说谎而受到惩罚。作定语He is not a man to be defeated easily.他不是一个很容易被打败的人。作状语She is sent abroad to be trained.她被送出国外培训。即时训练3用所给动词的适当形式填空Its important for the figure
12、s to be updated (update) regularly.Weve had a good start，but next，more work needs doing/to be done(do) to achieve the final success.There are still many problems to be solved (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.2不定式的主动形式表示被动意义动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系，不定式的主动形
13、式表示被动含义。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.今天下午我有许多事要做。(to do 与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系)对比：Ill go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted?我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗？(post与主语you之间不存在主被动关系，只和前面letter构成动宾关系)在某些“形容词不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，diffi
14、cult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。This problem is difficult to work out.这个问题很难计算出来。在too.to.结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.这本书太贵，我买不起。be to blame常用主动表示被动。Who is to blame for starting the fire?谁应为放火受责备？即时训练4用所给动词的适当形式填空The chair is comfortable t
15、o sit (sit) in.The driver is to blame (blame) for the accident happening just now.The old man found the computer was hard to operate (operate)We have four reading passages to complete (complete) in the coming holiday.单句语法填空1The girl is easy to get (get) along with.2His father left the small village，
16、never to be seen (see) again.3The giant panda is loved (love) by people throughout the world.4We wont start the work until all the preparations have been made(make)5These small trees require taking/to be taken (take) good care of.6Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement has been reached(re
17、ach) so far by the two sides.7The airport to be completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.8The play A Midsummer Nights Dream opens (open) at the Theatre Royal on 19th June，and then tours throughout Scotland.9Truly elegant chopsticks might be made (make) of gold and silver
18、 with Chinese characters.10The billionaire is reported in the local newspaper to have been robbed(rob) last week.完成句子1给我这次机会我很高兴。Im pleased to have been given this opportunity2那位可怜的老人只有一间很小的房子住。The poor old man only has a very small room to live in3他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。He was the last one to be asked to speak at the meeting.4他们现在和父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house is being rebuilt5我们半小时之后要开个会。在会上要做的这个决定将会影响我们公司的未来。Were having a meeting in half an hour.The decision to be made at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
