1、Task 1：阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。(2015浙江，C)If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet.Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes
2、 adapted to living in the suns light.This is a basic evolutionary fact，even though most of us dont think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet its the only way to explain what weve done to the night：Weve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.The benefits of this kind of engineering come
3、with consequencescalled light pollutionwhose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Illdesigned lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely cha
4、nges the light levelsand light rhythmsto which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected.In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our
5、fear of the dark.Weve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nightdark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earthis wholly beyond our experience，beyond memory almost.Weve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further from
6、 the truth.Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁)The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas fl
7、ares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night，birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal，throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint，including
8、their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs.Like most other creatures，we do need darkness.Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself.Living in a glare of our own making，we have cut ourselves off from
9、 our evolutionary and cultural heritagethe light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky
10、Waythe edge of our galaxyarching overhead.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。现如今人类使夜晚充满了人造光线，使得夜晚不再黑暗，但这么做所造成的光污染的不好影响是巨大的，到了考虑这么做的后果的时候了。1According to the passage，human beings _.Aprefer to live in the darknessBare used to living in the day lightCwere curious about the midnight worldDhad to stay at home with the light
11、of the moon答案B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the suns light.”可知，我们人类是白天活动的动物，习惯了在日光下生活。故答案为B。2What does “it” (Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?AThe night.BThe moon.CThe sky.DThe planet.答案A代词指代题。it是代词，指代前面提到的事物，而前面提到的是night，指用来照亮黑夜。3The writer mention
12、s birds and frogs to _.Aprovide examples of animal protectionBshow how light pollution affects animalsCcompare the living habits of both speciesDexplain why the number of certain species has declined答案B目的意图题。第三段谈到了光污染，后面的段落是对光污染影响的详细说明，作者以鸟和青蛙为例来说明光污染对动物的影响。4It is implied in the last paragraph that
13、_.Alight pollution does harm to the eyesight of animalsBlight pollution has destroyed some of the world heritagesChuman beings cannot go to the outer spaceDhuman beings should reflect on their position in the universe答案D推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of o
14、ur true place in the universe.”可推断出，我们人类应该反思我们所在宇宙中的身份地位。5What might be the best title for the passage?AThe Magic Light.BThe Orange Haze.CThe Disappearing Night.DThe Rhythms of Nature.答案C标题归纳题。整篇文章都在说明光污染给生物带来的巨大影响，本来是宁静、舒适的夜晚也被人类设计的灯光所影响。所以，标题应该是The Disappearing Night。Task 2：词汇积累1consequence n后果，结果
15、2adapt to 适应3artificial adj.非天然的，人造的4biological force 生物的力量5essential adj.基本的6rhythm n节奏；韵律7dimension n方面8cultural heritage 文化遗产Task 3：语法填空The _1_ (benefit) of this kind of engineering come with consequencescalled light pollution_2_ effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution
16、is _3_ (large) the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light _4_ (shine) outward and upward into the sky.Illdesigned lighting washes out the _5_ (dark)of night and completely changes the light levelsand light rhythms_6_ which many forms of life，_7_ (include) ourselves，have adapted.
17、Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life _8_ (affect)答案1.benefits2.whose3.largely4.to shine 5darkness6.to7.including8.is affectedTask 4：短文改错(下面文字有六处错误，请改正)Frogs near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as as a million times brighter than normal，
18、throwing every aspect of their behavior out of joint their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than frogs.Like most other creatures，we do need darkness.Darkness is as essential our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself.Task 5：攻克长难句(分析句子结构，
19、尝试翻译成汉语)In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Waythe edge of our galaxyarching overhead.分析：这是一个由which引导的定语从句。其中主句中又由两个不定式充当宾语补足语。译文：在一个非常真实的意义上，光污染使我们在宇宙中失去真我，忘记了我们人类的茫茫太空中所占的比例，而这些失去的正好就是最好的测量银河系深夜的工具。
