1、长沙市一中2022届高三月考试卷（二）英语第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt？A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15. 答案是C。1. Whose cake is it probably？A. Nancys. B. Jacks.
2、C. Lucys. 2. How will the girl go to the zoo？A. By bus. . By car. C. By subway. 3. What time is it now？A. 4：40 p.m. . 4：50 .m. C. 5：00 p.m. 4. Why does the woman want to buy a clock？A. Her watch is broken. B. She has trouble waking up. C. She wants to buy someone a gift. 5. What is the weather like
3、now？A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Cloudy. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What does the man look like？A. He is kind of heavy. B. He is wearing glasses. C. He is wearing long hair. 7. What
4、is the relationship between the speakers？A. Friends. B. Colleagues. C. Brother and sister. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. What does the man think of farming？A. Tiring. B. Funny. C. Exciting. 9. Where will the woman spend her summer holiday？A. Abroad. B. In the city. C. In the countryside. 10 What can we learn a
5、bout the two speakers？A. The woman knows how to farm. B. The man is studying in the countryside. C. The man used to live in the countryside. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11. What will the man do next？A. Walk a dog. B. Take out the garbage. C. Sweep the front steps. 12. When does the womans son help her？A. On Mo
6、ndays. B. On Tuesdays. C. On Thursdays. 13. Why does the man want a bike？A. To visit his grandfather. B. To go to the womans house. C. To ride to his basketball practice. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14. What are the speakers mainly talking about？A. A fun birthday party. B. A funny father. C. A comedy show. 15.
7、 What does the man think of his fathers hair at his birthday party？A. Great. B. Surprising. C. Ridiculous. 16. When will the womans brothers birthday party be held？A. Next Saturday. B. This Saturday. C. Tonight. 17. How will the man help the woman？A. By acting as a clown. B. By making things with ba
8、lloons. C. By asking his father to perform. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18. What does the speaker ask the listeners to do？A. Copy the play. B. Review a comedy. C. Read the play ahead. 19. How much money in total should each listener give to the speaker？A. $ 15. B. $ 17. C. $ 18. 20. What will the listeners do
9、 after visiting Staunton Theater？A. Go to a cafe. B. Have a big meal. C. Meet at the front gate. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AArchery instructor courseThis course will teach you the basic steps of shooting, preparing you to instruct archery courses for
10、 Girl Scout groups. Cost: $ 40Sunday, September 12, 2021 noon6 pm, Camp Skimino, Williamsburg, VASunday, November 7, 2021 noon6 pm, A Place for Girls, Chesapeake, VAAdventure games and activitiesLearn exciting activities which involve the whole group in a cooperative process where everyone wins and
11、feels good about participating! The activities are designed to build self-respect, teamwork, teach conflict resolution and enhance communications and problem-solving skills. Cost: $ 250Saturday, September 18, 2021, 9 am5 pm, Camp Darden, Courtland, VAChallenge courses and ropes initiativesCheck out
12、the new low ropes course at Camp Darden! The activities you will learn are appropriate for adults to do with Girl Scout Brownies, Juniors, Seniors, Ambassadors and adults. Completion of this class meets the requirements for an adult to become a low ropes course facilitator using the Camp Darden cour
13、se and meets the guidelines in Safety Activity Checkpoints. Experience more games and problem-solving activities, learn spotting techniques, how to use the obstacles and elements, and maintain safety. Cost: $ 15Sunday, September 26, 2021, 9 am5 pm, Camp Darden, Courtland, VAOutdoor and cabin camping
14、The course will prepare volunteers to introduce girls to outside adventures. Emphasis is on knowledge of outdoor skills：meal planning and preparation（involving actual cooking/cleanup）, knife safety and protection of the natural world. Cost: $ 10Sunday, September 19, 2021, 15 pm, Great Neck Park, Vir
15、ginia Beach, VASunday, September 26, 2021, 15 pm, Camp Skimino, Williamsburg, VA1. According to the text, who is Archery instructor course intended for？A. Those who hunt in the wild.B. Those who find fun in archery.C. Those who compete in archery.D. Those who want to teach archery.2. What will you l
16、earn if you join in Adventure games and activities？A. How to respect a competitor.B. How to settle a problem peacefully.C. How to feel good about winning games.D. How to lead a group to solve problems.3. Where may you go if you are available on September 19, 2021？A. Camp Darden, Courtland, VA.B. A P
17、lace for Girls, Chesapeake, VA.C. Camp Skimino, Williamsburg, VA.D. Great Neck Park, Virginia Beach, VA.【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D【解析】【分析】本文是应用文。文章推荐了四门课程。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Archery instructor course部分“This course will teach you the basic steps of shooting, preparing you to instruct archery courses for Girl Scou
18、t groups. (本课程将教你射击的基本步骤，为指导女童子军的射箭课程做准备)”可知，Archery instructor course是供那些想要成为射箭教练的人学习的。故选D项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据Adventure games and activities部分“The activities are designed to build self-respect, teamwork, teach conflict resolution and enhance communications and problem-solving skills. (这些活动旨在建立自尊，团队合作，教
19、授解决冲突，提高沟通和解决问题的技能)”可推知, 通过学习Adventure games and activities课程，学员能学到通过沟通，和平解决问题的技能。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Outdoor and cabin camping部分“Sunday, September 19, 2021, 15 pm, Great Neck Park, Virginia Beach, VA (周日，2021年9月19日，下午1-5，弗吉尼亚州弗吉尼亚海滩大颈公园)”可知, 2021年9月19日可以去Great Neck Park, Virginia Beach, VA。故选D项。BFor
20、 quite some time I have had an interest in the situation of the homeless. I have read about it，prayed over it，and have done small things to help. But feeling that I could，and should，do more to make a difference，I concluded that living as a homeless man-at least for a very brief period-was the best w
21、ay to understand what its like to have no place to call home. I decided that St. Vincent de Paul Catholic Church would be my first stop. Since the church opens its basement to homeless people every Friday for a hot meal，St. Vincents was symbolically a very good place to start my day as a homeless ma
22、n. After praying before the Blessed Sacrament，I hit the subfreezing streets with no money. I got into a line of men，women and children waiting to be admitted into the dining room where a free hot meal is served every day. From there I walked to Health Care for the Homelessan organization dedicated t
23、o providing free medical care to people who have no permanent residence. Inside were about 75 homeless women and men waiting to be seen by a nurse. There I spoke with an older man who had serious family problems that caused his homelessness. Next，I stopped at a hotel and fast food restaurant asking
24、if they were hiring. From there I walked the streets of downtown Baltimore asking people for a little loose change to buy a cup of coffee. I politely approached approximately 35 people. About 30 of them ignored me，and said they didnt have any money，or simply said no. But five people did offer me a s
25、mall donation. I explained what I was doing，and thankfully declined their generosity. Later that night，as I walked back to my vehicle，I realized that I was a richer person for having lived one day as a homeless man. I thought about the homeless men and women I encountered，and their problems.4. Why d
26、id the author decide to make a start from the church？A Only it offered the homeless a hot meal.B. It impressed the author in many ways.C. It had a routine of opening to the homeless.D. Many homeless people were allowed to live in the basement.5. What did the author do while he was in Health Care for
27、 the Homeless？A. He had a word with a homeless man.B. He helped an older man with family problems.C. He knew it was too miserable to have no money.D. He had a hot meal with some women and children.6. What can we infer from the fifth paragraph？A. The author worked a few hours in the restaurant.B. Peo
28、ple should have cared about the homeless more.C. No food restaurants agreed to hire a homeless man.D. Very few people looked down upon the homeless.7. What would the author most probably do in the future？A He would treasure what he had got in life.B. He would spend more time with the homeless.C. He
29、would find a better way to help the homeless.D. He would frequently invite the homeless to his home.【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者为了更好地帮助大街上的流浪人员，决定亲自做一天流浪者，亲身体会一下他们到底需要什么，以便能给他们更好的帮助。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Since the church opens its basement to homeless people every Friday for a hot me
30、al，St. Vincents was symbolically a very good place to start my day as a homeless man”（由于教堂每周五向无家可归的人开放地下室，让他们吃一顿热饭。St. Vincents是我作为一个流浪汉开始一天生活的象征）由此推断出作者决定从教堂开始，因为它有一个对无家可归者开放的惯例。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。 由第四段的“There I spoke with an older man who had serious family problems that caused his homelessness”（在那里，
31、我和一位老人交谈，他有严重的家庭问题，导致他无家可归）可知，作者在Health Care for the Homeless时与一名无家可归者交谈。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。由第五段的“I politely approached approximately 35 people. About 30 of them ignored me，and said they didnt have any money，or simply said no. But five people did offer me a small donation”（我礼貌地接近了大约35个人。他们中大约有30人无视我，说他
32、们没有钱，或者干脆说没有。但是有五个人给了我一小笔捐款）可知，在社会上人们对流浪者的关注甚微，因此需要人们更多地关注这个人群。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。由第一段的“But feeling that I could，and should，do more to make a difference”（但我觉得我可以，也应该，做更多的事情来改变世界）和最后一段的“Later that night，as I walked back to my vehicle，I realized that I was a richer person for having lived one day as a ho
33、meless man. I thought about the homeless men and women I encountered，and their problems”（那天晚上晚些时候，当我走回我的车时，我意识到我作为一个无家可归的人生活了一天，所以我变得更富有了。我想到了我遇到的无家可归的男人和女人，以及他们的问题）可知，作者将来会找到一个更好的方法来帮助无家可归的人。故选C。CMany organizations learned in the past year that remote work can be highly effective，with 83% of employ
34、ers surveyed saying that the shift to remote work has been successful for their company，according to a PwC（普华永道）study. In addition，54% of workers want to continue working remotely after the pandemic. Now that its clear that where the work is done is not as important as people once thought，the other
35、dimension of flexibility workers desire is the freedom to determine when the work is done. A 2019 study by the International Workplace Group found that 80% of workers would turn down a job that did not offer a flexible work schedule for one that did，and76% of workers said theyd consider staying at t
36、heir current employer if they could work flexible hours. According to a Microsoft Work Trend Report，the“9-to-5” workday is disappearing，as the increase in remote work has allowed for more flexible hours. Employees are increasingly working asynchronously，completing tasks on their own schedules，which
37、may be different from those of their colleagues. Asynchronous work is now essential to being part of a modern，digital economy，staying competitive in the war for talent，and building a globally distributed workforce. Tsedal Neeley，a Harvard Business School professor，told me，“Companies have to profound
38、ly rethink what it means to be part of a modern work structure. This idea of9-to-5or face-time culture is actually not helpful for a digitally advanced economy. ”She highlighted that underlying face-time culture is the need to monitor or see people in order to feel like work is advancing. However，th
39、is assumption that being productive requires seeing people do the work is not only limiting，but also wrong，as technology and automation are increasingly used to get work done and are inherently not as observable. Asynchronous work，she says，is“a completely new mindset in line with a digital economy”.
40、8. Why do workers prefer the job which can offer a flexible work schedule？A. Because the pandemic is still severe.B. Because where to work is not important.C. Because the remote work is more effective.D. Because they long to be free to decide when to work.9. What does the underlined word“asynchronou
41、sly in Paragraph 2 mean？A. Acting individually.B. Doing something together.C. Not happening at the same time.D. Getting the work done cooperatively.10. Tsedal Neeleys attitude towards“9-to-5 culture may best be described as _.A. negativeB. approvingC. indifferentD. neutral11. Which of the following
42、can be the best title？A. Improving Efficiency in WorkplaceB. Breaking Free from“9-to-5”CultureC. Protecting Employees from PandemicD. Adjusting Yourself to Flexible Schedule【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了疫情后人们工作方式的变化，引发了人们对于更先进工作方式的追求，这种工作方式对员工和企业都有良性的作用。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now that its
43、 clear that where the work is done is not as important as people once thought，the other dimension of flexibility workers desire is the freedom to determine when the work is done.( 既然很明显，工作完成的地方并没有人们曾经认为的那么重要，工人们渴望的另一个维度的灵活性是决定工作何时完成的自由) ”可知，工人们更喜欢提供了灵活的工作时间的工作是因为人们渴望有自主决定何时完成工作的自由。故选D。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据
44、划线单词所在句“Employees are increasingly working asynchronously，completing tasks on their own schedules，which may be different from those of their colleagues.( 员工越来越多地asynchronously工作，按照自己的时间表完成任务，这可能与他们的同事不同。)”可知，人们追求弹性工作时间，这可能和其他同事不一致，与他们不同时完成工作，据此推测划线词词意为“不同时地”，故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段Tsedal Neeley说的话“Co
45、mpanies have to profoundly rethink what it means to be part of a modern work structure. This idea of9-to-5or face-time culture is actually not helpful for a digitally advanced economy.(公司必须深刻地重新思考，成为现代工作结构的一部分意味着什么。“朝九晚五”或者面对面文化的想法实际上对数字时代的发达经济没有帮助)”可知，Tsedal Neeley认为“朝九晚五”的工作模式对现在的经济没有帮助的，因此推断他是不赞成
46、“朝九晚五”工作模式的。故选A。【11题详解】主旨归纳题。根据第二段的“According to a Microsoft Work Trend Report，the“9-to-5” workday is disappearing，as the increase in remote work has allowed for more flexible hours.(根据微软的一份工作趋势报告，“朝九晚五”的工作时间正在消失，因为远程工作的增加使得工作时间更加灵活)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍后疫情数字经济时代人们期待打破“朝九晚五”的传统工作模式。因此推断B项“摆脱了“朝九晚五”的文化”为最
47、佳标题。故选B。DHome to reefs, sharks and many exotic fish, the Coral Sea is a unique reserve of biodiversity off the northeastern coast of Australia. If a proposal by the Australian government goes ahead, the region will become the worlds largest marine protected area, with bans on fishing, mining and mar
48、ine farming. The Coral Sea reserve will cover almost 990, 000 square kilometers and stretch as far as 1, 100 kilometers from the coast. Revealed by environment minister Tony Burke, the proposal will be the last in a series of proposed marine reserves around Australias coast. But the plan attracts cr
49、iticism from scientists and conservation groups claiming the government hasnt done enough in protecting the Coral Sea. They even point out only half of the Coral Sea reserve is proposed as a “no take” area, in which all fishing would be banned. But the worlds largest existing marine reserve, establi
50、shed by the British government in the Indian Ocean, spans 554, 000 km2 and is a no-take zone throughout. Some people argue more of the Coral Sea should receive this level of protection. The Australian government didnt respond to the criticism. But Robin Beaman, a marine geologist, says the reserve d
51、oes “broadly protect the range of habitats”in the sea. “I can testify to the huge effort that government agencies and other organizations have made to understand the ecological values of this vast area,” he says. Reserves proposed earlier for Australias southwestern coastal regions have also been cr
52、iticized for not giving habitats adequate protection. Some scientists pointed out the proposals for the southwestern region had not been based on the “core science principles” of reservesthe protected regions were not representative of all the habitats in the region, they said. Critics say the south
53、western reserve offers the greatest protection to the offshore areas where there is little threat to the environment, a controversy also leveled at the Coral Sea plan.12. What do we learn from the passage about the Coral Sea? A. It is extremely rich in marine life.B. It is the biggest marine protect
54、ed area.C. It remains largely undisturbed by humans.D. It is a unique reserve of endangered species.13. What does the Australian government plan to do according to Tony Burke? A. Make a new proposal to protect the Coral Sea.B. Revise its conservation plan owing to criticisms.C. Upgrade the establish
55、ed reserves to protect marine life.D. Complete the series of marine reserves around its coast.14. What does marine geologist Robin Beaman say about the Coral Sea plan? A. It can compare with the British governments effort in the Indian Ocean.B. It will result in the establishment of the worlds large
56、st marine reserve.C. It will ensure the sustainability of the fishing industry around the coast.D. It is an enormous joint effort to protect the range of marine habitats.15. What do critics think of the Coral Sea plan? A. It will affect Australias fishing industry.B. It will do more harm than good t
57、o the environment.C. It will protect regions that actually require little protection.D. It will win little support from environmental organizations.【答案】12. A 13. D 14. D 15. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了由澳大利亚提出的珊瑚海海洋保护区计划所引发的争论。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Home to reefs, sharks and many exotic fish, the Coral Sea
58、 is a unique reserve of biodiversity off the northeastern coast of Australia. (珊瑚海是珊瑚礁、鲨鱼和许多外来鱼类的家园，是澳大利亚东北海岸的一个独特的生物多样性保护区)”可知，这里海洋生物非常丰富。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Revealed by environment minister Tony Burke, the proposal will be the last in a series of proposed marine reserves around Australias coa
59、st. (据澳大利亚环境部长Tony Burke透露，该提议将是一系列围绕澳大利亚海岸的海洋保护区提议中的最后一项)”可知，Tony Burke说这是系列海洋保护区的最后一项。故选D项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“But Robin Beaman, a marine geologist, says the reserve does “broadly protect the range of habitats”in the sea. “I can testify to the huge effort that government agencies and other organiz
60、ations have made to understand the ecological values of this vast area,” he says. (但海洋地质学家Robin Beaman表示，该保护区确实“广泛地保护了海洋中的栖息地范围”。他说：“我可以证明，政府机构和其他组织为了解这片广袤地区的生态价值所付出的巨大努力。”)”可知，政府和其他机构为了解这片广袤地区的生态价值付出巨大努力。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Some scientists pointed out the proposals for the southwestern region
61、 had not been based on the “core science principles” of reservesthe protected regions were not representative of all the habitats in the region, they said. Critics say the southwestern reserve offers the greatest protection to the offshore areas where there is little threat to the environment, a con
62、troversy also leveled at the Coral Sea plan. (一些科学家指出，针对西南地区的建议并不是基于保护区的“核心科学原则”保护区不能代表该地区所有的栖息地，他们说。批评人士说，西南保护区对近海地区提供了最大的保护，那里对环境的威胁很小，这一争议也针对珊瑚海计划)”可知，珊瑚海计划保护的也是一些不需要保护太多的区域。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Capture spirit of youth“Youth is like the early spr
63、ing，like the morning sun，like the budding flowers，like the sharp blade fresh off the grinding stone. Youth is the most valuable time of life. Chen Duxiu，one of the founders of the Communist Party of China，once wrote the Spirit of Youth. _16_ During this time，habits and interests that will continue f
64、or the rest of your life are formed and developed-so its important to get off to a good start. But what is the spirit of youth？Its a time to begin the process of self-reliance and self-motivation. Sure，you might have parents and friends to help you. _17_ It builds your character and makes you indepe
65、ndent，a necessity to get through the challenges of life. No one can force you to get good grades or get the perfect job-those responsibilities are yours and yours alone. Only you can be the author of your own life. When times get tough，please be persevering. Train yourself to be strong. Tell yoursel
66、f that you can summon（召唤）the will to overcome whatever obstacles come your way. Anything worth doing isnt easy. _18_ In the end，conquering a difficult task is always worth it，and you can thank perseverance for guiding you there. Work hard. Theres nothing better than relaxing at the end of a long day
67、，knowing that you did all you could do for yourself，your family and friends，and your community. Be a person that others admire. Do the work that others wont and never complain. The process of working hard will teach you valuable lessons along the way；most importantly，it will teach you that failure i
68、s inevitable（不可避免的）but isnt something you should ever allow to hold you back. _19_Following these principles will surely bring success in school，work and life in general. Listen to the spirit of youth inside you and follow your instincts. _20_A. Youth is a state of mind.B. Change your strategy and t
69、ry again.C. Its best to learn that lesson early.D. Be self-reliant，persevere through hard times and always work hard to achieve your dreams.E. Dealing with obstacles is not that easy.F. Youth is a relatively brief period in a mans life.G. But ultimately，you must rely on yourself.【答案】16. F 17. G 18.
70、C 19. B 20. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是青年如初春，如朝日，如百卉之萌动，如利刃之新发于硎，人生之最好年华也。青春的风貌是让自己自主，坚韧，努力付出，这样我们才能实现自己的梦想。【16题详解】空格后说“During this time，habits and interests that will continue for the rest of your life are formed and developed-so its important to get off to a good start”（在这段时间里，习惯和兴趣会持续你的余生所以有一个好的开始是很重
71、要的），F项中的“a relatively brief period”和后文“During this time”前后呼应，因此F项符合语境，故选F。【17题详解】空格前说“Its a time to begin the process of self-reliance and self-motivation”（这是开始自力更生和自我激励的时候），空格后说“It builds your character and makes you independent”（它塑造了你的性格，让你变得独立），G选项But ultimately, you must rely on yourself（但最终，你必须
72、依靠自己）中的“rely on yourself”与前面的“self-reliance”和后面的“independent”相一致，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。【18题详解】空格前说“When times get tough，please be persevering. Train yourself to be strong. Tell yourself that you can summon（召唤）the will to overcome whatever obstacles come your way. Anything worth doing isnt easy”（当形势艰难时，请坚持下去
73、。训练自己变得强壮。告诉自己，无论遇到什么困难，你都能鼓起勇气克服。任何值得做的事都不容易）可知，C项Its best to learn that lesson early（最好早点吸取教训）中的that lesson就指代前面描述的教训，因此C选项切合题意，故选C。19题详解】根据前文“most importantly，it will teach you that failure is inevitable（不可避免的）but isnt something you should ever allow to hold you back. ”（最重要的是，它会教会你失败是不可避免的，但你不应该让
74、失败阻碍你）可知，失败在所难免，但是不要让失败阻碍你。所以你需要改变你的策略，再试一次，因此B选项Change your strategy and try again（改变策略，再试一次）符合语境，故选B。【20题详解】空格前说“Following these principles will surely bring success in school，work and life in general. Listen to the spirit of youth inside you and follow your instincts”（遵循这些原则肯定会在学校、工作和生活中取得成功。倾听你内
75、心的青春，跟随你的直觉），因此本段是对整篇文章所提到的建议的总结，D选项Be self-reliant，persevere through hard times and always work hard to achieve your dreams（自力更生，在困难时期坚持不懈，总是努力实现你的梦想）中的self-reliant照应第三段的“self-reliance”，persevere through hard times照应第四段的“persever through hard times”，work hard照应第五段的“work hard”，因此D选项符合语境，故选D。第三部分 语言运
76、用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Clara Barton is widely known as one of the most honored women in American history. She began teaching school when most teachers were men at that time. Later，she became one of the first women ever to be _21_ by the government.
77、Her career in helping the sick began when her brother David became her first_22_. He fell down from the roof of a house when Clara was just 11 years old. She stayed by his side and _23_ him for three years. When the Civil War began，she immediately recognized that the _24_ soldiers needed help. _25_
78、waiting for others to step in，Clara collected necessary things on her own. She also asked the public for donations and learned how to store and _26_them to soldiers. She also read to the soldiers and wrote letters for them. After the Battle of Cedar Mountain in northern Virginia，Clara arrived at a f
79、ield hospital at _27_ with a vehicle full of supplies. A doctor named Paul Smith at that hospital later said _28_，“I thought heaven had sent out an angel that night. Her _29_ appeared exactly at the right time. ”She successfully _30_ the American Red Cross and led the organization for the next 23 ye
80、ars. Herlastfield_31_ as president of the American Red Cross was to help the _32_ of the 1900 Galveston hurricane. She did not _33_ from the American Red Cross until she was 83. True to her _34_，Clara always went to where the need was the greatest. Today，with the help of volunteers，the American Red
81、Cross provides relief to people of disasters，as well as helps people _35_，prepare for and respond to all sorts of emergencies.21. A. firedB. employedC. arrestedD. scolded22. A. patientB. studentC. friendD. colleague23. A. cared aboutB. depended onC. tended toD. quarreled with24. A. well-organizedB.
82、highly-praisedC. badly-shockedD. poorly-equipped25. A. Instead ofB. Regardless ofC. Apart fromD. In case of26. A. introduceB. distributeC. returnD. lend27. A. noonB. duskC. midnightD. dawn28. A. sadlyB. peacefullyC. disappointedlyD. gratefully29. A. assistanceB. guidanceC. performanceD. disturbance3
83、0. A. inventedB. foundedC. ruinedD. left31. A. missionB. hobbyC. interestD. dream32 A. doctorsB. victimsC. soldiersD. citizens33. A. recoverB. sufferC. learnD. retire34. A. ideaB. opinionC. natureD. concept35. A. preventB. ignoreC. forgiveD. forget【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D
84、29. A 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了一位伟大的女性Clara Barton从一名老师到美国红十字会创建人的经历，她对梦想的追求、对弱势群体的怜爱都展露了她人性的光辉。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，她成为政府雇佣的第一批女性之一。A. fired开除；B. employed雇佣；C. arrested逮捕；D. scolded责骂。由“by the government”可知，她是被政府雇佣。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她帮助病人的事业始于她的哥哥大卫成为她的第一个病人。A.
85、 patient病人；B. student学生；C. friend朋友；D. colleague同事。由后面的“He fell down from the roof of a house”可知，她的哥哥从屋顶上摔了下来，成为了病人。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她在他身边照顾了他三年。A. cared about关心；B. depended on取决于；C. tended to照顾；D. quarreled with与某人吵架。由“He fell down from the roof of a house”可知，她的哥哥从屋顶上摔了下来，因此她照顾她哥哥。故选C。【24题详
86、解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当内战开始时，她立即意识到装备简陋的士兵需要帮助。A. well-organized有序的；B. highly-praised被高度赞扬的；C. badly-shocked大为震惊的；D. poorly-equipped装备简陋的。由后文的“Clara collected necessary things on her own”可知，她立即意识到装备简陋的士兵需要帮助。故选D。【25题详解】考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：克拉拉没有等待别人的介入，而是自己收集必要的东西。A. Instead of 相反，而不是；B. Regardless of不管；C. Apart
87、from除了；D. In case of万一。由“Clara collected necessary things on her own”可知，她没有等别人而是自己收集必要的东西，因此空格处是“而不是”。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还要求公众捐赠，并学会了如何储存和分发给士兵。A. introduce介绍；B. distribute分发；C. return归还；D. lend借。由“asked the public for donations”可知，她要求公众捐赠，并分发给士兵。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在弗吉尼亚州北部的雪松山战役结束后，克拉拉在午夜带
88、着一辆装满补给品的车抵达了野战医院。A. noon中午；B. dusk黄昏；C. midnight半夜；D. dawn黎明。由后文的“that night”可知，克拉拉在午夜带着一辆装满补给品的车抵达了野战医院。故选C。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：后来，医院里一位名叫保罗史密斯(Paul Smith)的医生感激地说。A. sadly悲哀地；B. peacefully平静地；C. disappointedly失望地；D. gratefully感激地。由“Clara arrived at a field hospital at_with a vehicle full of supplie
89、s”可知，克拉拉在午夜带着一辆装满补给品的车抵达了野战医院，那儿的医生应该是感激她。故选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的帮助来得正是时候。A. assistance帮助；B. guidance指导；C. performance表现；D. disturbance打扰。由前面的“with a vehicle full of supplies”可知，克拉拉带着补给品来了，也就是她的帮助来得正是时候。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她成功地成立了美国红十字会，并在接下来的23年里领导该组织。 A. invented发明； B. founded建立；C. ruined破坏；D
90、. left离开。由“the American Red Cross”可知，她是建立了美国红十字会。故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她作为美国红十字会主席的最后一次实地任务是帮助1900年加尔维斯顿飓风的受害者。A. mission使命；B. hobby爱好；C. interest兴趣；D. dream梦想。由“was to help the _12_ of the 1900 Galveston hurricane”可知，帮助1900年加尔维斯顿飓风的受害者是她的使命。故选A。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她作为美国红十字会主席的最后一次实地任务是帮助1900年加尔维斯顿飓
91、风的受害者。A. doctors医生；B. victims受害者；C. soldiers士兵；D. citizens市民。由“of the 1900 Galveston hurricane”可知，此处是指帮助1900年加尔维斯顿飓风的受害者。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她直到83岁才从美国红十字会退休。A. recover恢复；B. suffer遭受；C. learn学习；D. retire退休。由“until she was 83”可知，她是直到83岁才从美国红十字会退休。故选D。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：忠实于她的本性，克拉拉总是去最需要帮助的地方。A. id
92、ea想法；B. opinion意见；C. nature本性；D. concept概念。由“Clara always went to where the need was the greatest”可知，克拉拉总是去最需要帮助的地方，这是她的本性。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天，在志愿者的帮助下，美国红十字会向人们提供救灾，并帮助人们预防、准备和应对各种紧急情况。A. prevent预防；B. ignore忽视；C. forgive原谅；D. forget忘记。由后文的“all sorts of emergencies”可知，美国红十字会帮助人们预防各种紧急情况。故选A。第二
93、节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Flynn effect，first described in the 1980s by researcher James Flynn，refers to the finding that scores on IQ tests _36_（increase）in the past century. One research paper，published by psychologist Lisa Trahan and her colleagues，combined the resu
94、lts of other _37_（publish）studies and found that IQ scores have indeed increased since the 1950s._38_there have been exceptions，IQ scores have generally increased over time. Trahan and her colleagues observed，“The existence of the Flynn effect is _39_（rare）disputed. ”Researchers have put forward sev
95、eral theories to explain the Flynn effect. One explanation has to do with improvements in health and nutrition. For example，the past century has seen _40_decrease in smoking and alcohol use in pregnancy，improvements in the prevention and treatment of _41_（infection）disease，and improvements in nutrit
96、ion. As Scott Barry Kaufman writes for Psychology Today，“The Flynn effect serves _42_a reminder that when we give people more opportunities to prosper，more people do prosper. ”Another explanation for the Flynn effect _43_（relate）to societal changes. In a TED talk，Flynn explains that the world today
97、is “a world where weve had to develop new mental habits，new habits of mind”. Flynn has found that IQ scores have increased the most rapidly on questions that ask us to find _44_（similar）between different things，and more abstract types of problem-solving，both of _45_are things that we need to do more
98、 of in the modern world.【答案】36. have increased 37. published 38. Though#Although#While 39. rarely 40. a 41. infectious 42. as 43. is related#relates 44. similarities 45. which【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是什么是弗林效应和对弗林效应的解释。【36题详解】考查谓语动词时态和主谓一致。句意：弗林效应(Flynn effect)是在20世纪80年代由研究人员詹姆斯弗林(James Flynn)首次提出的，指的是智商
99、测试成绩在过去一个世纪中有所提高。根据时间状语in the past century可知要用现在完成时，主语scores是复数，因此空格处是have increased，故填have increased。【37题详解】考查过去分词。句意：心理学家丽莎特拉汉(Lisa Trahan)和她的同事发表的一篇研究论文结合了其他已发表的研究结果，发现智商分数自20世纪50年代以来确实有所提高。分析可知，句中谓语是combined，空格处用非谓语形式，publish和studies之间是被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填published。【38题详解】考查连词。句意：尽管也有例外，智
100、商分数总体上是随着时间的推移而提高的。根据两个分句的句意判断，此处需要让步逻辑词，即“虽然，尽管”，即though/although/while，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Though/Although/While。【39题详解】考查副词。句意：弗林效应的存在几乎没有争议。此处用副词rarely修饰谓语动词disputed。故填rarely。【40题详解】考查冠词。句意：例如，在过去一个世纪中，怀孕期间吸烟和饮酒的情况有所减少，传染病的预防和治疗有所改善，营养状况也有所改善。decrease在句中作名词，意为“减少”，是可数名词，且表泛指，因此前面需加冠词，decrease是辅音音素开头，因此
101、不定冠词用a，故填a。【41题详解】考查形容词。句意：例如，在过去一个世纪中，怀孕期间吸烟和饮酒的情况有所减少，传染病的预防和治疗有所改善，营养状况也有所改善。空格处需用形容词修饰后面的名词disease，infection的形容词是infectious，意为“传染性的”，故填infectious。【42题详解】考查固定短语。句意：弗林效应提醒我们，当我们给人们更多的成功机会时，就会有更多的人成功。此处表示弗林效应作为对我们的提醒，serve as作为固定搭配表示“发挥了作用，充当”，故填as。【43题详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：对弗林效应的另一种解释与社会变化有关。此处表示“对弗林
102、效应的另一种解释与社会变化有关”，“和.有关”可用relate to或be related to，通篇是一般现在时，主语the Flynn effect是单数，因此空格处用is related/relates，故填is related/relates。【44题详解】考查名词的复数。句意：弗林发现，在要求我们寻找不同事物之间的相似之处以及更抽象的解决问题类型的问题上，智商分数增长最快。在现代世界，这两种问题都是我们需要做得更多的。空格处用名词作find的宾语，similar的名词是similarity，前面无冠词，空格处用复数，故填similarities。【45题详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句
103、意：弗林发现，在要求我们寻找不同事物之间的相似之处以及更抽象的解决问题类型的问题上，智商分数增长最快。在现代世界，这两种问题都是我们需要做得更多的。逗号后为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词different things，and more abstract types of problem-solving指物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46. 假如你是某学校学生会主席李华，你校学生会拟组织一次书法展（a calligraphy exhibition），请你以学生会的名义写一则通知，鼓励同学们踊跃提交作
104、品。通知内容包括：1. 举办的目的以及时间、地点；2. 参赛作品要求；3. 参赛奖励。注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。【答案】NOTICEIn order to enrich students campus life and strengthen your motivation to improve handwriting，the Students Union is to organize a calligraphy exhibition，which is scheduled to take place next Friday in the Lect
105、ure Hall. The works to be included are supposed to be a poem or a motto. You can adopt whatever style or size you can handle. All good works will be exhibited and whoever stands out will be awarded. As a bonus，the winners and their works will be featured on the school website. Dont hesitate to submi
106、t your works to the Students Union before next Wednesday. Wish you good luck!The Students Union【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以学生会的名义写一则通知，鼓励同学们踊跃提交作品，参加学生会拟组织的一次书法展。【详解】1. 词汇积累提高：strengthenenhance提交：submitpresent采用：adoptemploy展览：exhibitdisplay2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：As a bonus，the winners and their works will be
107、featured on the school website.拓展句：The winners and their works will be featured on the school website, which serves as a bonus.【点睛】高分句型1 In order to enrich students campus life and strengthen your motivation to improve handwriting, the Students Union is to organize a calligraphy exhibition, which is
108、 scheduled to take place next Friday in the Lecture Hall.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)高分句型2 All good works will be exhibited and whoever stands out will be awarded. (运用了whoever引导的主语从句)第二节（满分25分）47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Peter, a 5-year-old boy, showed such great interest in sea shells that he
109、 would rush to pick them up with his 3-year-old sister, Shirley. They screamed out their joy as Peter collected his treasure into his pockets. For Peter, sea shells lay shinning on the peaceful beach, waiting for him, just like stars twinkling（闪烁）in the sky. As waves touched them, they seemed to be
110、flowers blooming（绽放）in gentle wind.One day, Peter was wandering through market with Shirley, with some shells in his pocket. Suddenly Peter found his younger sister was lagging（落后）behind. He stopped and looked back, finding Shirley was standing in front of a toy shop and was staring at something wit
111、h great interest.The boy went back to her and asked, What do you want? Shirley pointed at the doll, wearing a smile on her innocent face. Peter held his younger sisters tiny hand, walking into the shop. He tiptoed（踮起脚尖）to reach for the doll, and like a responsible elder brother, gave the precious do
112、ll to Shirley. Holding tightly the doll, the sister was very very happy.The shopkeeper was watching everything and getting amused to see the matured（成熟的）behaviour of the boy. Now the boy came to the counter and asked the shopkeeper, How much does this doll cost, Sir?”The shopkeeper was a cool man, w
113、ho had suffered from something in his life. So he asked the boy with love and affection, Well, what can you pay? Peter reached into his clothes for money that was intended for these two little guys breakfast. Having counted the money, Peter put it carefully on the counter, asking again, 6Sir, is it
114、enough for my little sisters doll?The amusing scene just in front of the shopkeeper eventually brought a smile on his face. Shaking his head slightly, he replied, My boy, I am afraid it seems not to be enough.注意：1续写词数应为150左右；2请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。With his eyes fixed on Peters pocket, he wondered what P
115、eter would do._Seeing Peter leaving happily with his sister holding the doll tightly, an assistant in that shop got surprised._【答案】Version 1With his eyes fixed on Peters pocket, he wondered what Peter would do. Watching Shirleys smile fading away, Peter frowned. After a while, he seemed to make up h
116、is mind. He took out all the shells from his pocket, giving them to the shopkeeper, who took them and started to count as if he had been counting the money. Then he looked at Peter. Peter asked him, “Is it enough now?” The shopkeeper replied, “These are more than the cost.” Saying so, he kept only t
117、wo shells and returned the remaining and the money. Peter put those shells back into his pocket very happily, leaving with Shirley holding the doll tightly.Seeing Peter leaving happily with his sister holding the doll tightly, an assistant in that shop got surprised. He asked the shopkeeper, “Sir! Y
118、ou only charge them for 2 shells?!” The shopkeeper said with a smile, “For us these are shells, but for the boy they are treasures. His love for his sister is the most precious.” Watching the lovely kids until they were out of sight, he continued, “When he grows up, he will remember he purchased a d
119、oll for his sister with the shells from a shopkeeper. He will cherish love and warmth in life-cherish every little shining sea shell in his heart.”（196词）Version 2With his eyes fixed on Peters pocket, he wondered what Peter would do. Hesitantly taking out the treasured sea shells in his pockets, Pete
120、r asked in a low voice, “Sir, can these help cover the cost?” Watching the 5-year- old carefully lay down all his shining shells on the counter, the man was somewhat touched, but he just pretended to be counting the shells seriously, “Let me see, one, twoOk. The shells are just enough. You can take
121、the doll and save the money”. Hearing this, Peter felt truly amazed and thanked the shopkeeper, who actually wanted to thank the two little kids, especially when he saw a big smile quickly spread over the little girls innocent face. They said goodbye and left happily with the doll.Seeing Peter leavi
122、ng happily with his sister holding the doll tightly, an assistant in that shop got surprised. Since his boss had been in such a low mood recently that he seldom wore any smile and talked much. When the shopkeeper turned around and noticed the assistants surprised look, he said smilingly, “lovely kid
123、s, arent they? When I see the little boy is willing to take all he has to buy a doll for his lovely sister, it really warms my heart.” The assistant replied thoughtfully, “When he grows up, he will remember he purchased a doll for his sister with the shells from a shopkeeper, which will surely warm
124、his heart, too.”（209词）【解析】【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个以贝壳为宝物的小男孩与妹妹逛商场，妹妹渴望得到洋娃娃，但没有足够钱的故事。【详解】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“他的眼睛盯着彼得的口袋，不知道彼得会怎么做。”可知，第一段可描写Peter将自己宝贵的贝壳拿出来给妹妹买了洋娃娃。由第二段首句内容“看到彼得带着妹妹紧紧地抱着洋娃娃高兴地走了，那家商店的一个售货员很惊讶。”可知，第二段可描写店主解释想要帮助Peter的原因。2.续写线索：掏出贝壳留下贝壳高兴离开店员惊讶店主解释3.词汇激活行为类掏出贝壳：take out shells/pull out sh
125、ells数钱：count money/tell over money珍惜：cherish/treasure情绪类下定决心：make up ones mind/be determined to高兴：be glad/happy/cheerful惊讶：be amazed/surprised【点睛】高分句型1.He took out all the shells from his pocket, giving them to the shopkeeper, who took them and started to count as if he had been counting the money.（由关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句修饰the shopkeeper）高分句型2.Peter put those shells back into his pocket very happily, leaving with Shirley holding the doll tightly.（现在分词作伴随状语）高分句型3.When he grows up, he will remember he purchased a doll for his sister with the shells from a shopkeeper. （when引导的时间状语从句）
