1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家英语译林牛津版选修8Unit2：导学案（Grammar）Module 8 Unit 2 Grammar Ellipsis(省略) 【高考瞭望】阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。The Maldives faces the threat of extinction from rising sea levels, but the government said on Thursday it was looking to the future with plans to build homes and a golf course
2、 that float. An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeters would make the Maldivesa nation of tiny coral islands in the Indian Oceanvirtually uninhabitable by 2100, the UNs climate change panel has warned. President Mohamed Nasheed has vowed a fight for survival, and last month he signed a
3、deal with a Dutch company to study proposals for a floating structure that could support a conference centre, homes and an 18-hole golf course. “It is still early stages and we are awaiting a report on the practicality,” a government official who declined to be named said. The company, Dutch Docklan
4、ds, is currently building floating developments in the Netherlands and Dubai. There was no immediate comment from the firm but its website said it undertook projects that make “land from water by providing large-scale floating constructions to create similar conditions as on land”. The Maldives bega
5、n to work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there to ease congestion. The city, which has a population of 100,000, is already protected from rising sea levels by a 30-million-dollar sea wall, a
6、nd the government is considering increasingly imaginative ways to combat climate change. Nasheed, who staged the worlds first underwater cabinet meeting in October to highlight his peoples serious and difficult situation, has even spoken of buying land elsewhere in the world to enable Maldivians to
7、relocate if their homes are completed covered. He has also promised to turn his nation into a model for the rest of the world by becoming “carbon neutral” by 2020. His plan involves ending fossil fuel use and powering all vehicles and buildings from “green” sources such as burning coconut husks. 1.
8、Why do you think Mohamed Nasheed chose Dutch Docklands? A. Because it has experience in building floating structure. B. Because it has a good fame throughout the world. C. Because it charged much less than other companies. D. Because it supports building floating structures in the world. 2. The Hulh
9、umale was built with the purpose of. A. attracting more visitors B. making it a new capitalC. making the capital less crowded D. fighting against climate change3. According to the last two paragraphs, Nasheed is a person who. A. has succeeded in buying land abroad B. is more than well-knownC. has th
10、ought more for his nation D. has stopped using fossil fuel4. The underlined word “vowed” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by. A. ended B. promised C. failed D. weighed【参考答案】14、ACCB 1 不使用替代词的省略（1） 省略主语 I have done more than (what ) is required. (You) Open the door for me, please.（2） 省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分 Why (
11、do) not (you) say goodbye to your lovely cousin ?(Are you ) Ready ?Try to answer these questions in your own words.（3） 省略宾语 -Which of them is better ? -Well, it is hard to tell (which of them is better).（4） 省略表语 -Are you hungry ? -Yes, I am (hungry).（5） 省略所有格后面的名词Jack and his sister stayed in his un
12、cles(home) during the summer vacation.The girls handwriting is much better than his brothers (handwriting).（6） 在限定性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which, whom可以省略；在以the same. as和such. as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which；在含被动语态的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，可以省略关系代词和be,省略之后,变成过去分词短语作定语。如：The book (that) he
13、bought last week is written by Guo Jingming.Here is the wonderful book (which )I have read many times.The man (whom) you had said hello to was my English teacher.（7） 不定式中的省略a 英语中为避免重复，经常省略上下文已提到的动词原形，只保留不定式中的小品词to；这类动词有：expect,forget,hope,intend,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish,would like和love等。如： S
14、he asked me to dance with her,but I didnt want to (dance with her). -Do you want to give us a lecture about how to use an English dictionary? -No, I prefer not to (give a lecture about how to use an English dictionary)b 在have to, need, ought to, be going to, used to等后省略动词。如： I really didnt want to g
15、o there with him,but I had to (go there with him). c不定式在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing等形容词后面作状语时，可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to。如：-Will you join in our discussion ? -Ill be glad to (join in your discussion). d 如果不定式中带有be, have, have been等，通常保留be, have, have been。如： -Did he pass the driving test ? -No,but he ought
16、 to have (passed the driving test). f介词but后的不定式和作表语的不定式，它们前面出现了行为动词do的任何形式；在and或or并列的第二个不定式中不能带to。 In very cold weather, the hibernating（冬眠） animals had no choice but to lie down to sleep. He could do nothing but wait.2使用替代词的省略（1） 通常情况下，在省略了某个词、短语或句子时，还需要用某个替代词。常用的替代词有：do /does /did, so, not, neithe
17、r, nor和the same等。用助动词do /does /did来替代上下文出现的动词，以免重复。如：She speaks English more fluently than her elder sister does.（2） 用so可替代单词、短语或句子(用于肯定) not用于否定，宾语从句可以省略，作believe, be afraid, expect, do, fear, hope, suppose, say, think 等的宾语。如：-Will it be fine tomorrow ? -I hope so. (I hope that it will be fine tomo
18、rrow.)3. 常见的省略结构（）在虚拟条件句中，当助动词为were, had, should等时，连词if可省略，但were, had和should等需要倒装到主语的前面。如：Had I had time,I would have gone shopping with you.Were I you, I would go there and help him.Should the teacher have time next week,he would come to the party.（）如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语部分有be动词，状语从句的结构是“从属连词+主语
19、+be动词+其它结构”, 则可以将状语从句中的“主语+be动词” 一起省略,引导这类主语从句的连词有：由when，while，as, once，whenever引导的时间状语从句；或由if，unless引导的条件状语从句；由though，although，even if ，even though引导的让步状语从句；由as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句；由because引导的原因状语从句；由wherever引导的地点状语从句，等。如：If invited, I will go to his party. (If invited=If I am invited.)Though
20、young, he knows a lot of things. (Though young=Though he is young) The old woman was knocked down while (she was)crossing the street. The little girl began to cry when (she was) asked by the police. 有些状语从句中，如果从句的主语是it，其后的be动词及其主语可以一起省略。这种结构通常为if it is possible, when it is necessary等。:如：When possible
21、, Mr. Li will ask us some questions in English. (When possible=When it is possible)Please try to finish your homework by yourself if (it is) possible.Well have the old house pulled down when (it is) necessary.（）在作状语的独立主格结构中，分词短语往往可以部分被省略。如：The work (having been)done,the secretary left the office and
22、 went home.The weather (being)fine,we decided to go on a picnic on the beach. （4 ） 由and连接的that引导的两个从句，第二个that不能省略。如： The teacher told me (that) I had passed the driving test and that I could have a rest the next day.【考考你】 一、 单项填空1-Do you think it will snow tomorrow ? - _. A.I dont thinkB.No,I dont t
23、hink C.I dont think so D.No,I dont2. Will you go home tomorrow evening ?-No. I am going to a lecture,or at least,I am planning _. A.itB.onC.soD.to3.Edward became a good football player _ in college. A.whenB.becauseC.as soon asD.even though4._ green ,the door might look more beautiful. A.You paintedB
24、.If paintedC.To paintD.Have it painted5.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. A.the way B.in the way thatC.in the wayD.the way which6.-You should have given them some advice. - _.But who care what I offered ? A.So it wasB.So I shouldC.So I didD.So should you7.I would never come to
25、 this restaurant again.The food here is terrible! - _. A.Nor am IB.Neither would IC.Same with meD.So do I8.Would you like to have some cakes ? -Thank you._. A.Id like toB.Id like to haveC.Im fullD.Id better to home9.The teacher told us to remain silent unless _. A.to be askedB.being askedC.askedD.yo
26、u asked10.(asking a patient) _ ? -Much better. A. Are you feeling better todayB. Better today C. How are you feeling todayD. All above 11.You should have thanked her before you left . -I meant _,but I couldnt find here anywhere when I was leaving. A.to doB.toC.doingD.doing so12._it snow tomorrow,we
27、would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will13.I _and will never ask such a silly question. A.have neverB.neverC.have asked D.have never asked14.-Did Jane pick up some Russian when she was on business abroad?-I imagine _. A.thatB.she wasC.soD.it15.She opened her
28、mouth as if _something important. A.sayingB.to sayC.having saidD.to have said16.She must look like a very pretty girl.-Yes,I imagine _. A.to B.thatC.itD.so17.-Everyone says you are a good employee.You never make a mistake,do you ? -_ . A.Yes,neverB.Yes,sometimesC.No,sometimesD.Oh,really18.One of the
29、 sides of the paper should be painted yellow ,and _. A.the other is white B.another whiteC.the other white D.another is white19.-Who has been planning the summer camp ?-Everyone in the class _. A.is B.haveC.hasD.are20.Shes not an English teacher,is she ?- _. A.Yes,and she isnt B.Yes,but she was C.No
30、,but she isnt D.No,but she was21.If the weather is fine,Ill wash my clothes.If _,_. A.not;notB.no;noC.not;noD.no;not22.John plays football _,if not better than,David. A.as wellB.as well asC.so wellD.so well as23.Mary is not coming tonight. -But she _. A.promisesB.promisedC.will promiseD.had promised
31、24.Have you found the dog ? -_. A.I amB. ImC. Im just going to D.Im just going25.The twins are different in appearance but _in characteristics. A. notB. noC. arentD. dont. 26. When _, the building will be used as a school for children from poor families. A. completed B. completing C. to be completed
32、 D. is completing 27. In our class Marys English is better than _. A. anybody else B. anybodys English C. anybody else D. anybody elses 28. -Does your brother intends to learn to sing this song? -Yes, he intends _. A. so B. to C. that D. it 29. We must keep the factory _ poisonous gases into air. A.
33、 sending B. to send C. from sending D. send 30.-Susan, go on. Your sister is cleaning the yard. -Why _? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me二、 将下列句子改写为省略句1 You come this way, please.2 I beg your pardon .3 She works harder at English than I work.4 Is there anybody you want to
34、see ?5 Why dont you go picnic with us in the mountain ?6 You may go with us if you want to go.7 Mary likes reading better than she likes going fishing.8 What a pity it is you cant come with us !9 I will go to the party unless I am invited.10. Unless it is necessary,youd better not refer to the dicti
35、onary.11. Get up early tomorrow.If you dont get up early,you will miss the first bus.12. -I didnt go to see our former teacher while I was in Shanghai. -But I think you should have gone to see him.三看看省略了什么，写出完整的句子。1. Beg your pardon .2. Sounds like a wonderful idea.3. No wonder he can play computer
36、so well.4. This way, please.5. Any more questions ?6. Sorry to have kept you waiting for so long a time.7. Going to Science Museum with me this afternoon?8. Got to go now.四.单句改错1. Why not asking me about it ?2. How about go to Shenzhen for our holidays ?3. Though tiring,he kept on working.4. When fi
37、rst introducing to the market,these products enjoyed great success.5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do.6. If giving the same treatment again,he is sure to get well.7. You should have seen her off at the airport yesterday.-I meant to do,but I had to
38、attend an important conference.8.-Did you enjoy the performance last night ? -Yes, I do enjoy it.9I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to see. 10. Did he tell you that the meeting was put off ? -No, but he ought to. 11. After killed,he was thrown away into the river. 12. I dont know whether
39、 he has passed the exam. If is so, Ill be very glad. 任务型阅读。请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填一个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。Good communication is vital in modern society. We know that much of the communication is unspoken. Consciously or unconsciously, we show our true feelings with our eyes,
40、 faces, bodies and attitudes. Your good qualities can make good communication. The personal qualities include: physical appearance, energy, rate of speech, pitch and tone of voice, gestures, expressiveness of eyes, and the ability to hold the interest of others. What should we do so that our communi
41、cation will be effective? Here are my suggestions. Firstly, you should be yourself. The trick is to be consistently you, at your best. The most effective people never change character from one situation to another. Theyre the same whether theyre having a conversation with their close friends, addres
42、sing their garden club or being interviewed for a job. They communicate with their whole being. Secondly, whether youre talking to one person or one hundred, always remember to look at them. Dont break eye contact while talking. As you enter a room, move your eyes comfortably, then look directly at
43、those in the room and smile. This shows clearly that you are at ease. Smiling is important. The best type of smile and eye contact is gentle and comfortable, not forced. You should also absorb other people before showing yourself. You cant learn anything when you talk. When you attend a meeting, a p
44、arty or an interview, dont immediately start throwing your opinions. Stop for a second. Absorb whats going on. Whats the mood of the othersare they down, up, happy, expectant? Are they eager to learn from you, or do they show resistance? If you can sense whats happening with others, you will be bett
45、er able to reach them. So, listen before you talk. The fourth suggestion is that you focus your energy. How do you get your energy up?Before the meeting, collect your thoughts about the goal of the meetingyours and the others. Once you go through the doorway, no longer think about yourself. Focus on
46、 the person you are meeting to find out what he is interested in.Properly collected energy comes across when we sincerely believe something. When you speak with energy, you are involved with your audience and your message. You create an air of certainty. The audience may disagree with you, but they
47、cant question your belief.Lastly, I would like to remind you that you should lighten up. Take a good hard look at your self. Do you say “I” too often? Are you only concentrated on your own problems? Do you complain frequently? If you answered yes to even one of these questions, you need to be more r
48、elaxed.How to communicate (1) SuggestionsDosDontsBe yourselfAlways be the same and communicate with your whole being.Change character in (2)situations.Use your eyes and smilel Make direct eye contact.l Present a gentle and comfortable (3) .l Break eye contact.l (4) yourself to smile.Listen before(5)
49、 Stop for a short time to know the others mood and what is happening with them.Begin your talk immediately.Focus your (6)l Remain (7) and think clearly and carefully before the meeting. l Focus on the person youre meeting. Think about yourself.Lighten upTry to be (8) .l Say “I” too often.l Concentrate on your own problems.l Make too (9) complaint.ConclusionGood communication (10) on good personal qualities.【参考答案】任务型阅读:1. effectively/well 2. different 3. smile 4. Force 5. talking 6. energy 7. calm 8. relaxed 9. much 10. depends （9. regularly 10. rules）- 8 - 版权所有高考资源网
