1、课时天天练(二十)选择性必修第一册Unit4BodyLanguage.阅读理解A2021湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三模拟Laughterispartoftheuniversalhumanvocabulary.Allmembersofthehumanspeciesunderstandit.UnlikeEnglishorFrenchorSwahili, wedonthavetolearntospeakit.Werebornwiththecapacitytolaugh.Verylittleisknownaboutthespecificbrainmechanisms (机制) responsiblefor
2、laughter.Contrarytofolkwisdom, mostlaughterisnotabouthumor; itisaboutrelationships.Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh, Iwentwithseveralassistantstolocalmallsandrecordedwhathappenedjustbeforepeoplelaughed.Overa10yearperiod, westudiedover2,000casesofnaturallyoccurringlaughter.Wefoundthatmostlaughterdoesno
3、tnecessarilyfollowjokes.Peoplemaylaughafteravarietyofstatements, suchas, “HerecomesMary，”“Howdidyoudoonthetest？”or“Doyouhavearubberband？”Thesecertainlyarentjokes.Webelievelaughterevolvedfromthepanting (喘气的) behaviorofourancientancestors.Today, ifwetickle (使发痒) chimps, theydontlaugh.But, instead, the
4、yproduceapantingsound.Thatsthesoundofapelaughter, anditstherootofhumanlaughter.Apeslaughinthekindsofsituationsthatleadtohumanlaughter, likegamesthatinvolvechasing.Otheranimalsproducesoundsduringplay, buttheyaresodifferentfromlaughter.Rats, forexample, producehighsoundsduringplayandwhentickled, butth
5、eseareverydifferentinsoundfromhumanlaughter.Laughterisoftenpositive, butitcanbenegativetoo.Theresadifferencebetween“laughingwith”and“laughingat”.Peoplewholaughatothersmaybetryingtodrivethemoutofthegroup.Noonehasactuallycountedhowmuchpeopleofdifferentageslaugh, butyoungchildrenprobablylaughthemost.At
6、ages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren, probablybecausetheyplayless.Worknowunderwaywilltellusmoreaboutthebrainmechanismsbehindlaughter, howithasevolved, andwhyweresosusceptibletotickling.1Whatwasthepurposeofthedecadesresearch?AToprovethatpeoplelaughbecauseofhumou
7、r.BTofindouttherealreasonforpeopleslaughter.CToresearchpeoplesdifferentreactiononjokes.DTorecordconversationsamongshoppersinmalls.2Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?APeoplewhoplaymoretendtolaughmore.BApesproducehighsoundswhentickled.CScientistsknowthebrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughterwell.DThesituationsi
8、nwhichapeslaughareverydifferentfromthoseinwhichhumanslaugh.3Whatdoestheunderlinedword“susceptible”inthelastParagraphprobablymean?ASensitive.BFlexible.CAddictive.DReliable.4Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?ATheImpactofLaughterBTheMeaningofLaughterCABigMystery: WhyDoWeLaugh?DLaughter:
9、TheMostBeautifulWordsB2021安徽师范大学附属中学高三模拟Whatdotherandom, scribbled (潦草的) drawingscrowdingthemargins (页边空白处) ofmosthighschoolstudentspapersmean? Whenastudentiscaughtdoodling (乱画) inclass, hewillprobablybecriticizedfordaydreaming.Butdoodlingwhilelisteningcanhelpwithrememberingdetails, ratherthanimplyi
10、ngthatthemindiswandering, accordingtoastudypublishedinthescientificjournalAppliedCognitivePsychology.InanexperimentconductedbytheMedicalResearchCouncilsCognitionandBrainSciencesUnitinCambridge, 40subjectswereaskedtolistentoatwominutetapegivingseveralnamesofpeopleandplaces.Halfoftheparticipantswereas
11、kedtoshadeinshapesonapieceofpaperatthesametime, withoutpayingattentiontoneatness, whiletherestweregivennosuchinstructions.Afterthetapehadfinished, allparticipantsinthestudywereaskedtorecallthenamesofpeopleandplaces.Thedoodlersrecalledonaverage7.5namesofpeopleandplaces, comparedtoonly5.8bythenondoodl
12、ers.“Ifsomeoneisdoingaboringtask, likelisteningtoadulltelephoneconversation, theymaystarttodaydream.”saidstudyresearcher, ProfessorJackieAndrade, oftheSchoolofPsychology, UniversityofPlymouth.“Daydreamingdistractsthemfromthetask, resultinginpoorerperformance.Asimpletask, likedoodling, maybesufficien
13、t (足够的) tostopdaydreamingwithoutaffectingperformanceonthemaintask.”“Inpsychology, testsofmemoryorattentionwilloftenuseasecondtasktoselectivelyblockaparticularmentalprocess.Ifthatprocessisimportantforthemaintask, thenperformancewillbeimpaired.Butmyresearchsuggeststhatineverydaylifedoodlingmaybesometh
14、ingwedobecauseithelpstokeepusontrackwithaboringtask, ratherthanbeinganunnecessarydistraction (分心) thatweshouldtrytoresistdoing.”saidAndrade.DanWare, asocialstudyteacher, usedtoconsiderdoodlingadistractionfromlearning, butafterteachingkidswithallpersonalitytypeshelearnedscribblingawayduringlectureshe
15、lpscertainstudentsremembermoreinformation.“Inmyfirstfewyearsofteaching, Ithought, Well, thiskidisntpayingattention.Hesdaydreaming.ButIhadsomereallypowerfulexperienceswithstudentsandcametounderstandinmanycasesthatwastheirwayoffocusing, andthosestudentswereprobablypayingmoreattentionthanotherstudents.
16、”Waresaid.5Whatdoweknowabouttheparticipantsinvolvedintheexperiment?ASomewereaskedtonotedowntheinformationneatly.BSomewereaskedtomemorizethenamestheywouldhear.CSomewereinstructedtolistentothetapewithfullattention.DSomewereinstructedtomakerandomdrawingsonpaper.6Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impaired”inPar
17、agraph4referto?AImproved.BWeakened.CStopped.DRepaired.7WhichofthefollowingwillbothJackieAndradeandDanWareagreewith?ADoodlinghelpssomepeoplefocus.BDoodlingmakesadulltaskinteresting.CStudentswhodoodleperformpoorly.DStudentswhodoodlelackconcentration.8Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?ADaydreamingCanSharpenS
18、tudySkillsBDoodlingCanHelpMemoryRecallCAWanderingMindImprovesProductivityDDistractionsHarmAcademicPerformance.完形填空2021河北省唐山市高三模拟TheCOVID19pandemic (疫情)hasleftmanyworryingsaboutthefuture.However, Ivefound_1_inmymothersonesimpleselfcareritual (仪式)andIhavedecidednottokeep_2_inasortofuncertainty.Iwas_3_
19、byasinglemomwhohadtwokids, twojobsandamilelong_4_ofcleaning, cookingandbillpaying._5_，shewasneverseenwithahairoutofplace.Everymorning, shedheadtoa_6_，liftherchin (下巴) upslightly, agestureofconfidence, andputonlipstick (口红) beforedeliveringaforcedyettoothysmile.Iwastooyoungto_7_why.Mymother_8_herredl
20、ipsuntiltheveryend.Inhospital, sheaskedmetohelpwalkhertothebasintobrushherteeth.Istaredatherfrombehindworriedshemightfall.Iwasdeepinsorrowanduncertainty, tears_9_downmyface.Thensuddenly, frombehind, Isensedthatfamiliargesture.Chinup.Confidence.AsecondlaterIheardtheclickofthe_10_.Wedontknowwhatsgoing
21、tohappennext.Yetonethingis_11_：Whentheworldfallsapart, wevestillgotunbelievablepowertochoose.Imnotsuggestingwe_12_whatsaroundusbutfocusonwhatwecancontrolto_13_gettingknockedaroundbyuncertainty.Getupandshutthedooronanything_14_.Justbesuretokeepputtingthat_15_on.1A.beautyBknowledgeCstrengthDevidence2A
22、.drowningBdreamingCprayingDworking3A.praisedBabusedCabandonedDraised4A.rollBpileClistDchain5A.OtherwiseBThereforeCBesidesDHowever6A.mirrorBtableCcomerDwall7A.askBrealizeCdoubtDadvise8A.woreBbitCreadDrounded9A.streamingBgettingCpullingDpointing10A.cameraBdoorClockDcap11A.easyBdelicateCsureDnecessary1
23、2A.ignoreBexamineCfavorDhate13A.practiceBacceptCavoidDfinish14A.challengingBdiscouragingCamusingDthrilling15A.powerBcoatCmaskDlipstick.语法填空2021河北省保定市高三模拟AheadofthisyearsLondonBookFairinMarch, mediareportedariseininterestintranslatedworksamongBritishreaders.FortranslatorAnnaHolmwood, thissignalsthe1.
24、_ (arrive) ofanewera.“ThisisabigmomentforChinesefictionabroad，”saysHolmwood, 2._hastranslatedChineseliteratureforalmostadecade.Hertranslationwork，LegendsoftheCondorHeroes, afantasynovelwrittenbyJinYong, andLiuCixinssciencefictionbook, TheThreeBodyProblem, areshowninaNielsenreport3._examplesoftwoofth
25、emostpopularChinesefictionworksinBritainin2018.“LanguagesingrowingdemandincludeChineseandArabic.”accordingtotheNielsenreport.Itfoundthat, againstthecommonly4._ (see) “notmorethan3percentrule”oftranslatedliteraturespresenceintheEnglishlanguagebookmarkets, thenumberfor2018was5.63percentinBritain5._the
26、totalannualsaleswasworth$27.1million.CharlotteCollins, translatorandcochairoftheBritishTranslatorsAssociation, says: “Aswecansee, thisproportion (比率) 6._ (double) inrecentyears.Thisis7._ (real) excitingnews.”TheGuardianquotes (引用) FiammettaRocco, administratoroftheManBookerInternationalPrize, “8._ (
27、read) fictionisoneofthe9._ (good) waysofputtingourselvesinotherpeoplesshoes.Theriseinsalesoftranslatedfiction10._ (show) howhungryBritishreadersareforterrificwritingfromothercountries.”课时天天练(二十)选择性必修第一册Unit4BodyLanguage.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。笑容是世上最通用的语言，笑容是世上最温暖的语言。本文探讨了人类为什么笑这个话题。1答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据文章第二
28、段的“Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh”可知本文写作目的是弄清楚人类什么时候以及为什么会笑。故B项正确。2答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的“Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren, probablybecausetheyplayless.”可知，玩得多的人笑得多。A项正确。3答案与解析：A词义猜测题。联系上下文可知susceptible(易受影响的)与sensitive的意思最为接近。故选A。4答案与解析：C主旨大意题。笑容是世上最通用的
29、语言，笑容是世上最温暖的语言，本文探讨了人类为什么笑这个问题。故C项为最佳标题。B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了与传统思维认为的边听边涂鸦是走神的表现不同，实质上边听边涂鸦是有助于记忆的，教授JackieAndrade的实验和教师DanWare的教学经历进行了该观点的证实。5答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Halfoftheparticipantswereaskedtoshadeinshapesonapieceofpaperatthesametime, withoutpayingattentiontoneatness, whiletherestweregivennos
30、uchinstructions.”可知，在实验中，一半的参与者被要求同时在纸上给形状涂上阴影，不注意整洁，而剩下的人没有得到这样的指示，即：有一部分参与者可以在纸上随意涂画。选项D“Somewereinstructedtomakerandomdrawingsonpaper.(一些参与者被要求在纸上随意画画。)”与原文内容表达信息一致。故选D项。6答案与解析：B词义猜测题。根据划线单词句之后存在了“but”句，可知，“but”句与划线句应是转折关系。分析“Butmyresearchsuggeststhatineverydaylifedoodlingmaybesomethingwedobecaus
31、eithelpstokeepusontrackwithaboringtask, ratherthanbeinganunnecessarydistractionthatweshouldtrytoresistdoing.(但我的研究表明，在日常生活中，涂鸦可能是我们做的事情，因为它有助于让我们跟上无聊的任务，而不是一个不必要的我们应该努力抵制的分心。)”可知，but句在解释涂鸦的对于“无聊任务”的有益作用，因此可推知，划线单词“impaired”应是与but句中的“help”为反义词关系，“impaired”可以理解为“没有帮助”或“损害”含义，与选项B“Weakened.(变弱)”表达含义一致。
32、故选B项。7答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“Butmyresearchsuggeststhatineverydaylifedoodlingmaybesomethingwedobecauseithelpstokeepusontrackwithaboringtask, ratherthanbeinganunnecessarydistractionthatweshouldtrytoresistdoing.”可知，JackieAndrade的研究表明，在日常生活中，涂鸦有助于跟上无聊的任务，而不是一个不必要的分心；文章第五段内容“butafterteachingkidswithallpe
33、rsonalitytypeshelearnedscribblingawayduringlectureshelpscertainstudentsremembermoreinformation.”可知，DanWare在教了所有性格类型的孩子之后，了解到在课堂上涂鸦有助于某些学生记住更多信息。因此可推知，在他们看来，涂鸦是有助于在任务中或课堂中集中精力的。故选A项。8答案与解析：B主旨大意题。根据文章体裁为说明文，文章结构为总分结构可知，文章首段提出主旨要义：Butdoodlingwhilelisteningcanhelpwithrememberingdetails, ratherthanimply
34、ingthatthemindiswandering, accordingtoastudypublishedinthescientificjournalAppliedCognitivePsychology.(但是根据发表在科学期刊应用认知心理学上的一项研究，边听边涂鸦有助于记忆细节，而不是暗示走神。)可知，本文主要讲述了涂鸦对于记忆是有益的，同时文章的其他段落分别从JackieAndrade的实验和教师DanWare的教学经历两个方面进行了该主题的阐述。选项B“DoodlingCanHelpMemoryRecall(涂鸦可以帮助记忆)”贴合主旨要义，为最佳标题。故选B项。.完形填空【语篇解读】这
35、是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要记叙了作者从自己单身妈妈每天在镜子前摆出自信的姿态和涂口红的行为中，学到了虽然世界上的很多东西让人对未来感到担忧，但我们仍然拥有难以置信的选择能力，我们可以关注我们可以控制的事物，以避免被不确定性击倒。站起来，把任何令人沮丧的事情都关在门外。1答案与解析：C考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我从母亲的一个简单的自我行为习惯中找到了力量，我决定不再继续沉浸在某种不确定之中。A.beauty美丽；B.knowledge知识；C.strength力量；D.evidence证据。结合上文TheCOVID19pandemichasleftmanyworryingsaboutthefut
36、ure.However, Ivefound可知虽然COVID19大流行让许多人对未来感到担忧。然而作者却在母亲一个简单的自我行为习惯中找到了力量，however表示前后的转折，结合选项strength最符合语境。故选C。2答案与解析：A考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我从母亲的一个简单的自我行为习惯中找到了力量，我决定不再继续沉浸在某种不确定之中。A.drowning溺水；B.dreaming梦想；C.praying祈祷；D.working工作。结合后文inasortofuncertainty可知作者决定不再沉浸在某种不确定之中。短语drownin“沉浸在”。故选A。3答案与解析：D考查动词词义
37、辨析。句意：我是由一个单亲妈妈抚养长大的，她有两个孩子，两份工作，还有一大堆的清洁工作、做饭和一大串的付账清单。A.praised称赞；B.abused虐待；C.abandoned抛弃；D.raised抚养。结合后文byasinglemom可知作者是由一个单亲妈妈抚养长大的。故选D。4答案与解析：C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是由一个单亲妈妈抚养长大的，她有两个孩子，两份工作，还有一大堆的清洁工作、做饭和一大串的付账清单。A.roll卷；B.pile堆；C.list清单；D.chain束缚。结合后文ofcleaning, cookingandbillpaying可知作者的母亲还有一大堆的清洁工作
38、、做饭和一大串的付账清单。故选C。5答案与解析：D考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，她从来没有被人看到有一根头发不对劲的地方。A.Otherwise否则；B.Therefore因此；C.Besides而且；D.However然而。结合上下文语境可知为转折关系，应用however。故选D。6答案与解析：A考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天早上，她都会走到镜子前，微微抬起下巴，这是自信的姿态，在勉强露出露齿的微笑之前还会涂上口红。A.mirror镜子；B.table桌子；C.comer来者；D.wall墙壁。结合后文putonlipstick可知妈妈每天早上要走到镜子前涂口红。故选A。7答案与解析：B考查动
39、词词义辨析。句意：我当时太年轻，没有意识到为什么。A.ask询问；B.realize意识到；C.doubt怀疑；D.advise建议。结合后文why可知作者当时还太小，没有意识到母亲这么做的原因是什么。故选B。8答案与解析：A考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲一直到最后都保持着她的红唇。A.wore戴，穿；B.bit咬；C.read阅读；D.rounded绕行。结合后文herredlips可知此处指母亲的嘴巴一直保持红红的状态，应用wear。其它选项意思不符合语境。故选A。9答案与解析：A考查动词词义辨析。句意：我沉浸在悲伤和不确定之中，泪流满面。A.streaming流动；B.getting获
40、得；C.pulling拉；D.pointing指向。结合上文“Iwasdeepinsorrowanduncertainty, tears.”可知此处指眼泪顺着作者的面颊留下来。故选A。10答案与解析：D考查名词词义辨析。句意：一秒钟后，我听到口红盖子咔哒一声。A.camera相机；B.door门；C.lock锁；D.cap盖子。结合第二段中“liftherchinupslightly, agestureofconfidence, andputonlipstick”可知母亲最后会涂口红，因此作者听到的是口红盖子的咔哒声。故选D。11答案与解析：C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但有一件事是肯定的，当世
41、界上的很多东西让人对未来感到担忧，我们仍然拥有难以置信的选择能力。A.easy容易的；B.delicate精致的；C.sure肯定的，确信的；D.necessary必要的。结合上文Wedontknowwhatsgoingtohappennext.Yetonethingis可知虽然我们不知道接下来会发生什么。但有一点是肯定的(sure)，yet表示转折。故选C。12答案与解析：A考查动词词义辨析。句意：我并不是建议我们忽略我们周围的事物，而是关注我们可以控制的事物，以避免被不确定性击倒。A.ignore忽视；B.examine检查；C.favor帮助；D.hate憎恨。结合后文“whatsaro
42、undusbutfocusonwhatwecancontrolto”可知作者在解释自己并不是建议忽略周围的事物，而是去关注可以控制的事物。故选A。13答案与解析：C考查动词词义辨析。句意：我并不是建议我们忽略我们周围的事物，而是关注我们可以控制的事物，以避免被不确定性击倒。A.practice练习；B.accept接受；C.avoid避免；D.finish结束。结合后文“gettingknockedaroundbyuncertainty”可知关注我们可以控制的事物，是为了避免被不确定性击倒。短语avoiddoingsth.“避免做某事”。故选C。14答案与解析：B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：站起
43、来，把任何令人沮丧的事情都关在门外。A.challenging有挑战性的；B.discouraging令人气馁的；C.amusing有趣的；D.thrilling令人兴奋的。根据上文“TheCOVID19pandemic (疫情)hasleftmanyworryingaboutthefuture.”可知此处指把令人沮丧的事情都关在门外。其他选项不符合语境。故选B。15答案与解析：D考查名词词义辨析。句意：只要记得继续涂口红就可以了。A.power力量；B.coat外套；C.mask面具；D.lipstick口红。此处呼应第二段中putonlipstick母亲涂口红的行为。故选D。.语法填空【语
44、篇解读】本文是一篇调查报告。通过对英语图书市场的调查发现，在英国翻译小说销量的增长表明，英国读者对其他国家的优秀作品是多么渴望。1答案与解析：arrival考查词形转换。句意：对于翻译安娜霍姆伍德来说，这标志着一个新时代的到来。根据the可知此处应该用名词形式。故答案为arrival。2答案与解析：who考查定语从句。此处Holmwood是先行词，指人，在后面的定语从句中作主语，又是非限制性定语从句，that不能引导。故答案为who。3答案与解析：as考查介词。句意：她的翻译作品射雕英雄传(LegendsoftheCondorHeroes)、金庸的奇幻小说射雕英雄传(LegendsoftheC
45、ondorHeroes)，以及刘慈欣的科幻小说三体(TheThreeBodyProblem)都在尼尔森(Nielsen)的一份报告中被列为2018年英国最受欢迎的两部中国小说之一。固定搭配：show.as.“把当作”。故答案为as.4答案与解析：seen考查过去分词。句意：调查发现，与英语图书市场中常见的“不超过3%的规则”相反，2018年英国的这一数字为5.63%，并且年度总销售额为2710万美元。此处是过去分词作前置定语“被经常看见的”。故答案为seen。5答案与解析：and考查并列连词。句意：调查发现，与英语图书市场中常见的“不超过3%的规则”相反，2018年英国的这一数字为5.63%，
46、并且年度总销售额为2710万美元。结合句意可知此处是并列的递进关系。故答案为and。6答案与解析：hasdoubled考查时态。句意：正如我们所看到的，这一比例近年来翻了一番。根据inrecentyears.可知句子用现在完成时态，且主语是proportion，不可数名词，属于单数第三人称。故答案为hasdoubled。7答案与解析：really考查词形转换。此处exciting是形容词，由副词来修饰。故答案为really。8答案与解析：Reading考查动名词作主语。句意：读小说是设身处地为别人着想的最好方法之一。此处是动名词作主语。故答案为Reading。9答案与解析：best考查最高级。句意：读小说是设身处地为别人着想的最好方法之一。此处有范围，再根据定冠词the，可知用最高级。故答案为best。10答案与解析：shows考查时态和主谓一致。句意：翻译小说销量的增长表明，英国读者对其他国家的优秀作品是多么渴望。结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态，且主语是rise，单数第三人称。故答案为shows。
