1、上海市2021届高三英语下学期5月秋考押题试题06（满分140分，考试时间100分钟）II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; f
2、or the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The United States of America (commonly (1) (refer) to as the United States, the U.S.,the USA,the States or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district.The country is situated mostly in centr
3、al North America, (2) its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington,D.C.,the capital district,lie (3) the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans,bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south.The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent,with Canada to its east and Russia to the west acr
4、oss the Bering Strait.At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km) and with more than 300 million people,the United States is the third or fourth (4) (large) country by total area,and third largest by land area and by population.The United States is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and mu
5、lticultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S.economy is the largest national economy in the world, with an estimated 2008 gross domestic product (GDP) of US$14.3 trillion.The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlant
6、ic seaboard. On July 4,1776,they issued the Declaration of Independence, (5) proclaimed their independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union.The rebellious states (6) (defeat) Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War,the first successful colonial war of independenc
7、e. A federal convention adopted the current United States Constitution on September 17,1787; its ratification the (7) (follow) year made the states part of a single republic with a strong central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many fundamental c
8、ivil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.In the 19th century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over states rights an
9、d the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The Norths victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led (8) the end of legal slavery in the United States. By the 1870s, (9) national economy was the worlds largest. The SpanishAmerican War and
10、World War I confirmed the countrys status as a military power. In 1945, the United States emerged from World War II as the first country (10) (have) weapons,a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO.The end of the Cold War left the United States as the
11、sole superpower.The country accounts for approximately 50% of global military spending and is a leading economic,political,and cultural force in the world.Section BDirections: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you n
12、eed.A. catch-up B. substitute C. advance D. committed E. exhausted F. multitask G. transferred H. maintaining I. commenting K. challenge J. embraceMy friend Haley called me the other day. She hadnt texted me in (11) _ to “find a time “to chat. Nor did we have a Zoom date on the calendar. She just up
13、 and called me unannounced.It was thrilling, this unscheduled, spontaneous conversation without a purpose or the weight of a formal (12) _. It felt like wheeling over to someone in the office to hear a joke.I was reminded of that larger orbit of friendships outside the inner core of those we still s
14、ee in person, usually because we live with them. Think about all those relationships once sustained by serendipity and proximity, now starved by a year of social distancing. In what may be the worlds largest sociological experiment, many of us have had to rely almost completely on technology to tend
15、 these connections. We now have a whole new cadre of Appointment Friendships. And even with (13) _ scheduling, its not really enough. A recent study from researchers at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, confirms what we now know in our (14)_ hearts: video calls, texts, social media, even phone ca
16、lls are a great supplement to face-to-face interactions, but they arent a(n) (15) _. Contrary to what you might expect, the more sophisticated the technology, the less it satisfies our need for connection. Researchers reported that the humble phone call was associated with decreases in stress, lonel
17、iness, and relationship difficulties. Meanwhile, video chats were associated with increased stress, loneliness, and difficulties in (16) _.I get it, were less self-conscious on the phone, and you can (17) _ and talk-maybe fold laundry or eat or both. With video, that uncanny valley of almost being t
18、here tends to make you long for the real thing. The UNLV researchers also reported that social media posting, (18) _ and sharing was the “modality most strongly associated with stress. “ No one is less surprised about all this than Sherry Turkle, a clinical psychologist at M.I.T. Shes been studying
19、how technology affects our capacity for empathy and connection since the first Apple computer showed up with a smiley face, reporting her findings in two seminal books “Reclaiming Conversation” and “Alone Together.” When I spoke to her a few weeks ago, shed just published her memoir, “The Empathy Di
20、aries,” which is about becoming one of very few women at M.I.T. and one who was willing to (19)_ the enduring gospel of the engineering universe: that technology would solve the problems it caused. Turkle finished working on this book during pandemic shutdowns, which were akin to a real-world test o
21、f her lifes work. She writes: In the crucible of enforced isolation, we explored the limits of where our screens can take us As technology became our lifeline, we realized how much we missed the full (20) _ of the human.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following pa
22、ssages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones.(21) of us just walk straight into the woods withou
23、t a phone. But phones (22) on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize.If you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you (23) cant find north, a few tricks to help you navigate(24) to civilization, one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself well(25) a trail, but not
24、 in a completely(26) area, you have to answer two questions: Which(27)_is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water.(28) , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should(29) see signs
25、 of people.If youve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sightsyou may be(30) how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another(31) : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.(32) , even in dense forest, you should be able to(33) gaps in
26、the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve through the woods. Head toward these breaks to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for artificial light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.Finally , assuming youre lost in
27、 an area humans tend to frequent, look for the(34) we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can(35) you to civilization.21. A. SomeB. MostC. FewD. All22. A. putB. takeC. runD. come23. A. formallyB. relativelyC.gradually D. literally24. A.backB. nextC. aroundD. away 25
28、. A. onto B. off C. acrossD. alone 26. A. unattractiveB. uncrowdedC. unchanged D. unfamiliar27. A. siteB. point C. awayD. place28. A. SoB. YetC. InsteadD. Besides29. A. immediatelyB. intentionallyC. unexpectedlyD. eventually30. A. surprisedB. annoyedfrightenedD. confused31. A. problemB.option C.view
29、D.result 32. A. Above all B.In contrastC.On average D.For example33. A. bridgeB.avoid C.spot D.separate 34. A. memoriesB.marks C. notesD. belongings35. A. restrictB. adoptC. leadD. exposeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinish
30、ed statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read(A)Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crime than those committed by the reckless Australian bandit are reported
31、very day. What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Em
32、iliano Zapata.The bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to“justice” are afflicted with doubts about their role.The bandits had a role to play as definite as th
33、at of the authorities who condemned them. These were men in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills. Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules.There robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere t
34、hieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from. They didnt steal the peasants harvest; they did steal the lords.And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits” whether they were in Sicily or Peru. They were generally young men under the
35、 age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence. Some were simply the surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runway serfs or ex-soldiers; a minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passi
36、ve role of peasant.They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and bad transport. And bandits proposed best where authority was merely local over the next hill and they were free. Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for f
37、lamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants religious beliefs and superstitions.The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim of injustice; and when he then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and the
38、n other peoples. The classic bandit then “take from the rich and gives to the poor” in conformity with his own sense of social justice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treason of one of them; he behaves as of
39、invisible and invulnerable; he is a “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only of the local oppressors.None of the bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger motives was often a delusion.Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at lea
40、st half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern. Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of their charitable acts later became legends. The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural sys
41、tem is left behind so is he. But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither peasant nor bandit. In some ways the characters and deeds of the great bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera Don Jose on “Carmen” is based on the Andalusian b
42、andit El Empranillo. But they are perhaps more at home in folk songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films. When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest, their
43、passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten. This sustains us nearly as much as it did the almost hopeless people from whom they sprang.36. Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?A. Bold (Para. 1).B. Claimed (Para. 4).C. Legend (Para. 2).D
44、. Loyalty (Para. 4).37. Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?A. They liked theatrical clothes and behavior.B. They wanted to help the poor country folk.C. They were unwilling to accept injustice.D. They had very few careers open to them.38. “began their careers
45、 harshly victimized” (Par. 9) means that they _.A. had received excessive ill-treatmentB. were severely punished for their crimesC. took to violence through a sense of injusticeD. were misunderstood by their parents and friends39. What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they_.A. are su
46、re they are invincibleB. possess a theatrical qualityC. retain the virtues of a peasant societyD. protest against injustice and inequality(B)Literary Festivals across the WoldLondon Book FairTime: held annually in April for three daysPlace: London, U.K.The London Book Fair is a part of the London Bo
47、ok & Screen Week.Visitors include anyone who is involved with the creation, distribution, sale or treatment of content.Authors, talent scouts （星探）, editors, designers, and digital gurus（领袖人物）all walk the floor-meeting, talking, observing, discovering. Its a great opportunity to meet all kinds of peo
48、ple.BookExpo AmericaTime: held annually on May or June for four daysPlace: various cities in the U.S.Unlike most book fairs, BookExpo America doesnt have a base city. It moves to different places every year mostly big cities such as New York, Washington, Los Angles and Chicago.It is the largest gath
49、ering in the United States of librarians, booksellers and industry professionals, as well as a great place to discover the latest trends in technology while networking with others in the business, Go to book signing sessions （签书会）with your favorite authors, and participate in panel discussions with
50、top writers while you enjoy breakfast. With hundreds of participating authors, theres lots to do, see and read.Frankfurt Book FairTime: held annually in October for a weekPlace: Frankfurt, GermanyThe Frankfurt Book Fair is the worlds biggest and oldest book event with more than 500 years of history,
51、 yet it never stops developing with time.Thematic tours are provided, during which trade visitors and the general public can learn more about the Frankfurt Book Fair. Led by experts, these topical tours take interested groups to stands and other locations around the fair that are relevant to specifi
52、c themes, such as educations, science, kids. With our Book Fair app, visitors have the possibility to take a time-independent, thematic tour.Tokyo international Book FairTime: held annually in September for three daysPlace: Tokyo, JapanBeing Asias leading book fair, the Tokyo International Book Fair
53、 has several sub categories, including the Natural Sciences Book Fair, the Humanities & Social Sciences Book Fair, and the Childrens Books Fair.One of the highlights of the event is the e-books expo, which shines a spotlight on the fact that peoples reading habits are switching from printed books to
54、 digital books. Besides book products, the newest e-learning software and digital technologies are also presented.40. How is BookExpo America different from the other three book fairs?A. It is held in different cities every year.B. It attracts many famous writers.C. It displays the latest trends in
55、technology.D. It is the longest annual book fair.41. Which book fair providers tours of specific themes?A. The London Book Fair.B. BookExpo America.C. The Frankfurt Book Fair.D. The Tokyo International Book Fair.42. What do we know about the Tokyo International Book Fair?A. It is the most popular bo
56、ok fair in Asia.B. It is a great place for e-book lovers.C. It mainly focuses on natural science books.D. It mainly displays printed books for schools.(C)For years, the U. S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will
57、 increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then.So whats the solution? Robots.Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medic
58、al cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items, and retrieve records. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because i
59、t has fairly minimal patient contact.Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but the robot itself doesnt have to engage directlyit can serve as an intermediary for human communication. Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be c
60、ontrolled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them, often via a screen where the robots face would be. If you cant get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her. A 2016 s
61、tudy found that users had a consistently positive attitude about the Giraff robots ability to enhance communication and decrease feelings of loneliness.A robots appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive
62、Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear. RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance), also known as Robear, can help patients into and out of wheelchairs and beds with its strong arms.Its important to note that robotic nurses dont decide courses of treatm
63、ent or make diagnoses (though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off). Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the integration of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.43.
64、 What does the author say about Japan?A) It delivers the best medications for the elderly.B) It takes the lead in providing robotic care.C) It provides retraining for registered nurses.D) It sets the trend in future robotics technology.44. What do we learn about the robot Terapio?A) It has been put
65、to use in many Japanese hospitals.B) It provides specific individualized care to patients.C) It does not have much direct contact with patients.D) It has not revolutionized medical service in Japan.45. What are telepresence robots designed to do?A) Directly interact with patients to prevent them fro
66、m feeling lonely.B) Cater to the needs of patients for recovering their cognitive capacity.C) Closely monitor the patients movements and conditions around the clock.D) Facilitate communication between patients and doctors or family members.46. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A) Doctors and
67、 surgeons will soon be laid off.B) The robotics industry will soon take off.C) Robots will not make nurses redundant.D) Collaboration will not replace competition.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that th
68、ere are two more sentences than you need.A. Unfortunately, there arent nearly enough trained genetics counselors to handle the coming upsurge in demand for this type of information.B. Adults cannot do much to alter their biological lot, but what if parents could examine their unborn childs genome(基因
69、组)?C. Cancer has become the first killer these years. Thats why people tend to take overtreatment with the knowledge of family history.D. Another fear is that a customer without discussing with genetics counselor can receive information via the Internet about a multifold greater risk of breast cance
70、r.E. Another problem arises whether it is moral to choose to stop pregnancy because of the genome problem.F. Attitudes toward child rearing might change along with the new technology.In an a few years you will be able to order a transcript of your entire genetic code for less than $1,000. (47)_ Two
71、different university laboratories have developed tests that will reveal the entirety of a babys genetic code using just a blood sample from the mother plus a drop of saliva(唾液)from the father. Prenatal(出生前的) whole-genome sequencing will provide volumes of information beyond the currently available t
72、ests exclusively for genetic disorders such as Downs syndrome or Tay-Saches disease. The three billion units of code furnished in the new tests will also dwarf(使相形见的) the relative trickle(零散) of information provided by consumer gene-testing services such as 23andMie, which currently look only at per
73、haps about one million locations in the genome. (48) _ Without careful planning, the new prenatal genetics might rob. a child of the chance to make decisions best left until adulthood- whether or not to learn, for instance, if a mutation(突变) predicts the inevitability of Huntingtons disease 20 years
74、 hence. (49) _ Similar laissez faire(放任) action to prenatal whole-genome testing could portend(预示) tragedy. Ultimately certain agency will need to develop a comprehensive policy on prenatal whole genome testing. Bioethics scholars wrote an analysis last summer that calls on the medical community to
75、develop a guide to the most relevant genomic data for future parents. (50) _ Without access to a much higher level of refined expertise, the secrets of our offsprings genetic code will continue to remain an unnerving cipher - or worse.IV Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summar
76、ize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.This is crisis teaching: students with disabilities are neglected as coronavirus shuts schoolsHomeschooling your children during the Covid-19 pandemic(流行病) is hard. For parents whose ch
77、ildren have a disability, its a herculean(困难的) taskAs her mom tells it, Sesame Street（儿童节目） is Aubreys first and only love. Her affection for the programs cast of puppets, for Elmo in particular, is so aggressive and pure that her parents have to restrict her access to it because she gets so peculia
78、r after watching it.Aubrey, whose real name her parents asked be withheld to protect her privacy, is a 16-year-old student in Los Angeles. As a teenager living with autism（自闭症）, routine is the bedrock of her day. But in the days of a spiraling coronavirus crisis, predicting what comes next is all bu
79、t impossible. “Think about how we are with uncertainty and multiply it by a million. For her not knowing is almost unbearable,” said her father, Pirouz Kavehpour.Today, with 124,000 of the nations schools closed due to coronavirus, Kavehpour has joined the ranks of millions of parents turned into ho
80、meschool teachers overnight no easy feat for any working parent, but especially challenging for parents whose children have disabilities.It remains unclear when schools across the country will reopen. California officials already indicated they wont restart this academic year and a handful of other
81、states have closed doors until fall. And as classrooms shift to online learning, many of the services guaranteed to the nations roughly 7 million children with disabilities have been effectively suspended.Federal law promises to give students educational services that address individual needs. But i
82、ts unclear when children with disabilities will get the kind of face-to-face help they had been getting at school before.(Adapted from the Guardian BY Jerry)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52.你应该就你的所作所为向在场的所有人表示歉意。（prese
83、nt）53.你能否清晰地阐述究竟是什么导致了这一起严重地事故？（make）54.他一直希望自己能成为老板的助手。（desert）55.由于全球变暖大约有200个物种将会在21世纪30年代灭绝，似乎联合国安理会就该国际问题已经做出了决议。（It）. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根
84、据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：1. 表示歉意； 2. 解释原因； 3. 另约时间。 注意：1. 词数120-150；2. 可适当增加细节。英语学科 参考答案I.Grammar and Vocabulary(共20分。每小题1分。)1.referred 2.where 3.between 4.largest 5.which6.defeated 7.following 8.to 9.the 10.to have11-20 CADEB HFIKJII.Reading Comprehension(共45分。21-35题每题1分；36-50每题2分。)21-25 CCDAB 26-30 DCADA
85、 31-35 BDCBC 36-39.AACD40-42. ACB 43-46 BCDC 47-50 BFEAIII.Summary Writing(共10分。)I. Summary The widespread of Covid-19 makes homeschooling an issue for parents who have disabled children. Like Aubrey, a girl with autism who spends her life in boredom, those children with disabilities seem to have be
86、en deprived of in-person help in a time when there is no hope for schools to reopen. (50 words)IV.Translation(共15分。第1小题和第2小题，每题3分；第3题4分；第4题5分。)52. You should apologize to all present for what you have done.53. Can you make it clear what it is that caused this serious accident？54. The idea that he should become an assistant to his boss has never deserted him.55. It seems that the UN Security Council has made a resolution about/on/regarding/concerning the international issue that about 200 species will die out/be extinct in 2030s because of the global warming.
