【学生版】译林牛津版高中英语模块六复习学案.doc

1、【学生版】译林牛津版高中英语模块六复习学案Unit 1 Laughter is good for you【重点词汇讲解】1. A stand-up comedian may make fun of an audience member, or he or she might decide to tell different jokes in response to the reactions of an audience.单口喜剧演员可能就某一观众开玩笑，或是根据观众的反应将不同的笑话。（1） make fun of 开的玩笑，嘲笑 意思相当于laugh at Dont make fun of

2、 people with disabilities. 不要嘲笑残疾人。 【相关拓展】注意fun 是不可数名词，与fun有关的短语或句型有：have fun =have a good time 玩得开心It is fun to do sth. 做某事有趣What fun it is to do sth！ 做某事多有趣啊！（2）response n. 回答，答复；反应，反响 in response to 对做出反应 I knocked on the door but there was no response. 我敲了门，可是没有回应。 The product was developed in r

3、esponse to customer demand. 为了满足顾客的需要，开发了这种产品。 【相关拓展】 respond v. 回答，应答；反应（与to 连用） He never responded to my letter. 他从来没回过我的信。 How did he respond to the news? 他对这则消息有什么反应？ You can rely on him to respond to a challenge. 你可以相信他知道如何迎接挑战。 responsible adj. 负责的 be responsible for sth. 对负责，是原因 Cigarette smo

4、king is responsible for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer. 因患肺癌而死亡者，约90%是吸烟所致。2. People around the world enjoy watching him when he hosts the Academy Awards.全世界的人们都喜欢看他主持奥斯卡颁奖庆典。award (1) n. 奖；奖品；奖金；奖状He won an award for his good performance. 他因表演得好而获奖。People like to attend the award ceremony hos

5、ted by him. 人们喜欢参加他主持的颁奖仪式。(2) v. 授予；奖励He was awarded the first prize. 他获得了一等奖。The gold medal was awarded to Mr. Brown for his excellent performance. 布朗先生因其优异的表现而获得了金牌。 【辨析】 award / prize/ reward(1) award 意为“奖，奖品”， 指对于优异成绩或卓越贡献经过评定后正式授予的奖励，可以是精神的，也可以是物质的，常用于奖项名称。(2) prize意为“奖赏，奖品”，多指确认某人在竞赛中获得的优异成绩并

6、给予特殊的奖励。(3) reward意为“报答，酬劳”，并不指某种荣誉，而指应得的报酬；也可以做动词表示“给人以报酬、奖赏”。He was nominated for the best actor award. 他获得最佳男演员奖提名。He won first prize in the English Speech Competition. 他在英语演讲比赛中获一等奖。He was rewarded for finding the lost dog. 他因找到那只丢失的狗而获得报酬。Winning the match was just reward for the effort the tea

7、m had made.赢得比赛的胜利是全队付出努力应得的回报。3. Each time, he performs his stand-up routine in front of millions of people when the show is broadcast live on TV. 每次，当节目在电视上现场直播时他都是在上百万人面前表演他的单口喜剧节目。live （1）adv. 现场地；直播地With all the news broadcast live, the pressure on the announcers is becoming heavier.随着新闻的直播，播音员

8、的压力变得更大了。（2）adj. 现场的，直播的；有生命的，活的 We are watching the live coverage of the Olympics. 我们正在观看奥运会实况报道。 She was frightened at the sight of a live snake. 看到一条活蛇她吓坏了。 注意：live 做“活着的”讲时，作定语要前置，一般不指人。【辨析】live/ alive/ living/ lively live adj. “活着的”（与dead想对应）， 只能做定语（指动物），另外还有“现场直播的”意思（反义词recorded “录制的，转播的”）aliv

9、e adj. “活着的，健在的”，做表语；作定语需后置（一般用于人，有时也用于动物） living adj. “活着的；有生命的”。既可以作定语，也可以作表语。“生物”只能译作living things lively adj. 生动的，活泼的 They are carrying out an experiment with a live monkey. 他们正在用一只活的猴子做实验。 It was a live broadcast, not a recording. 这是现场直播而非转播。 Who is the greatest man alive? 谁是当今活着的最伟大的人？4. Cryst

10、als popularity with all age groups and his ability to amuse people all over the world prove that stand-up can be enjoyed by everyone. 克里斯托在各个年龄段人群之间的受欢迎程度和他愉悦全世界人们的能力证明人人都可能喜欢单口喜剧。amuse vt. 使愉快，使高兴He came up with a good idea to amuse the kids. 他想出了一个好主意来逗孩子开心。【相关拓展】（1） amused adj. 觉得好笑的（2） amusing a

11、dj. 逗人笑的，有趣的（3） amusement n. 可笑，愉悦，娱乐to ones amusement =to the amusement of sb 令某人高兴的，好笑的是 We are amused at his amusing stories. 我们都被他有趣的故事逗乐了。 To my amusement, he couldnt get the door open. 使我感到好笑的是，他竟然打不开门。5. Writing is tough work, but I hope it will all be worthwhile, 写作是辛苦的工作，但我希望这是值得的，worthwhil

12、e adj. 值得的；值得花时间、钱或精力的It is worthwhile taking the trouble to explain a job fully to a new employee.给新雇员详细解释一下工作要求，费点事是值得的。It is worthwhile discussing the question. 这个问题值得讨论。【辨析】worthwhile/ worth/ worthy 三个都是形容词，都是“值得的”意思，但是所使用的句型不同(1) worthwhile 用于下列句型：It is worthwhile doing sth./ to do sth. 干某事是值得的

13、但不能说：sth. is worthwhile doing/ to do(2) worth 用于下列句型：sth. is worth sth/ doing此句型中只能用doing， 不能使用被动。 在表达“很值得”时前面加well 修饰The museum is certainly worth a visit. =The museum is certainly worth visiting.这个博物馆的确值得参观。This idea is well worth considering. 这个想法很值得考虑。(3) worthy 用于下列句型：sth. be worthy of sth/ bei

14、ng done sth. be worthy to be doneThe film is worthy of being seen.= The film is worthy to be seen.这部电影值得看。6. Somehow, the new things he thinks of are always funnier than what he was supposed to say! 不知何故，他想出的新点子比原来他应该讲的更好笑。somehow adv. 由于某种未知的原因，不知为什么Somehow，I dont feel I can trust him. 不知为什么，我觉得不能信

15、任他。He always worked hard, but somehow, he never did the job well. 他总是很努力，但不知怎么的，他就是做不好。 7. In an interview, he told us that he is always happy to take on new foreign students. 在一次采访中， 他告诉我们说他随时都乐于接收外国学生。take on 接收，接受 雇佣 呈现 承担，决定做I cant take on any extra work. 我不能承担任何额外的工作。After so many years, my hom

16、etown has taken on a new look. 这么多年之后，我的家乡呈现出一派新气象。He was taken on as a trainee. 他受聘当实习生。【相关拓展】take的其他短语take down 拆除；记下take in 吸收，接纳；理解，领会；欺骗take off 脱下；起飞；成功take over 接管，接任take up 占据（时间、空间）；开始处理，从事；学着做，开始做；接着讲Workmen arrived to take down the old houses. 工人前来拆除旧房子。Dont be taken in the advertisement.

17、 It doesnt tell the truth. 不要被这个广告骗了。这个广告不真实。Her singing career took off after her TV appearance. 她在电视上亮相之后演唱事业迅速腾飞了。His son took over the family business after his death. 他死后他的儿子接管了他的家族企业。He takes up his duties next week. 他下周就要开始履行职责了。She took up the story where Tim had left off. 她继续讲蒂姆未讲完的故事。8. Of

18、 course. (moves over as if to make room) 当然。（挪过去，好像是要腾出空间）as if =as though 引导方式状语从句或表语从句We have missed the bus; it looks as if/ as though well have to walk. 我们错过了公共汽车，看来我们得步行了。He glanced about as if he was in search of something. 他环顾四周就好像在寻找东西。【相关拓展】如果as if/ as though 表示当前不太真实、不大可能或有疑问的事情时，所引导的从句中应使

19、用虚拟语气。谓语动词的形式要遵循以下原则：（1） 从句动作在时间上与主句动作同时进行，从句谓语动词用did/were（2） 从句动作在时间上比主句动作早，从句谓语动词用had done（3） 从句动作在时间上比主句动作晚，从句谓语动词用would/ could /might do He didnt attend the meeting, but he talked as if he knew everything. 他没出席会议，但他的说话的神情好像什么都知道一样。（实际上不知道） They met each other for the first time at the party, but

20、 they talked as if they had been old friends. 他们在晚会上刚认识，但他们交谈着好像已经是多年的朋友。9. Mike looks annoyed. 迈克看上去很生气。annoyed adj. 生气的， 恼怒的 多用于以下结构：be/get annoyed at/ about sth. be/get annoyed with sb.The boss was annoyed with him because he was often for work this month.老板对他很恼火，因为他这个月上班经常迟到。My mum will surely b

21、e annoyed at my carelessness.妈妈肯定会对我的粗心生气的。【相关拓展】annoy vt. 使烦恼， 使生气annoying adj. 令人烦恼的， 恼人的10. I need, no, I must have, my (raises one eyebrow and looks meaningfully at servant) important papers. (sits on throne) 我需要，不，我一定要重要的文件。（扬了扬眉毛，意味深长地看着仆人，坐在王位上）raise vt. 抬高，举起；筹募；抚养; 饲养She raised the gun and

22、fired. 她举枪射击。We arranged this activity to raise money for Project Hope.我们安排这次活动为希望工程集资。 We were both raised in the South. 我们都是在南方长大的。 【辨析】 raise/ rise raise vt. 后面一定要加宾语，可用于被动。表示把人或物提高到较高的位置或水平，既可指具体的物，也可用于抽象含义，如raise a cloud of dust 扬起一片尘土 raise price 提高物价raise ones hope 唤起希望raise money 筹款另外，raise

23、还可以表示提出课题，如：This book raises many important questions. rise vi. 不能带宾语，不能用于被动，可以表示“上涨，上升”，还可以表示“起身，起立”， 比如：rise to ones feet = stand up 又如：Air pollution has risen above an acceptable level. 空气污染已经超标。11. No, you fool! (tears the paper in two) 不，你这个傻瓜！（报报纸撕成两半）tear vt. & vi.(tore, torn)撕扯；撕下 n. 眼泪；泪珠（常

24、用复数tears）【相关词组】teardown 撕掉；拆毁tearinto pieces 把撕成碎片tearin two=tearinto halves 把撕成两半tear oneself/sb. from sth./sb. 挣开；拽开；揪走in tears 哭She was in tears over the death of her pet dog. 她因小狗的死去而哭泣。He just couldnt tear himself from the beautiful painting. 他被这幅漂亮的油画深深地吸引了。（他无法把自己从这幅画前拽走） A heated discussion

25、is carried out in the city whether the old city wall should be torn down. 关于是否要拆毁古城墙的问题，市里展开了热烈的讨论。12. Servant burst in, next to Queen 仆人冲进来，在皇后旁边burst in 是不及物动词词组，其后不能带宾语，意为“突然闯入”。另外，burst in 还有“突然插嘴，插话”的意思。同意词组：break inburst into 是及物动词词组，后加宾语。同意词组：break into The police burst in and arrested the th

26、ief. 警察突然闯入，逮捕了那个小偷。Tom burst into the room and made us shocked. 汤姆突然闯入房间，我们都很吃惊。He longed to break in on their conversation but didnt want to appear rude. 他很想打断他们的谈话，但又不想显得很粗鲁。【相关拓展】burst out crying/ laughing/singing = burst into tears /laughter /songs 突然大哭/大笑/唱起来break into 也有类似的用法She burst out cry

27、ing for a while, and burst into laughter for another while, which made us at a loss. 她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又突然笑起来，这使得我们一头雾水。The audience burst into wild applause. 观众中突然响起了雷鸣般的掌声。I almost burst out laughing when I saw what she was wearing. 当我见到她的穿着时我几乎忍不住大笑起来。13. He glared at Queen. 他瞪着王后。glare at (生气、愤怒地)瞪着H

28、e didnt shout. He just glared at me silently. 他没冲我吼，只是默默地怒视着我。【辨析】stare at/ glare at/ gaze atstare at 指目不转睛的注视，盯着看glare at 指怒目而视gaze at 指由于好奇、惊讶、喜悦或感兴趣而盯着看She gazed at him in amusement. 她惊异地注视着他。They didnt fight, but stood there glaring at one another. 他们没有打起来，只是站在那里互相怒视着。I stared blankly at the pap

29、er in front of me. 我茫然地看着面前的这张纸。14. Your Highness? (holds out a roll of toilet paper) 殿下？（拿出一卷手纸）hold out 拿出，伸出；坚持，维持He held out the keys and I took them. 他伸手把钥匙递过来，我接了。We can stay here for as long as our supplies hold out. 我们可以在这里一直坚持到我们的储备用完。How long can we hold out against these attacks?我们对这些攻击能抵

30、抗多久？【相关拓展】与hold 相关的短语hold back 阻拦；隐瞒；抑制hold on (在困境或危险中)坚持住，挺住； 别挂断，等一下hold on to 抓紧，不放开； 保留不卖或不送hold up 举起，支撑；延迟，阻塞She just managed to hold back her anger. 她勉强压住了自己的怒火。I think he held back some very important information. 我认为他隐瞒了某些非常重要的信息。They managed to hold on until help arrived. 他们勉强坚持到救援到来。You

31、should hold on to your old house, which will get more valuable in the near future.不要把你的老房子卖了。很快它还会升值的。An accident is holding up traffic. 一场事故造成了交通阻塞。【单元语法讲解】The Present Tenses 现在时I 现在时的一般用法现在时包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时，谈论和目前有关的事情或问题。时 态用 法一般现在时表示现在的习惯性、经常性动作，也可以表示客观真理，介绍故事梗概、剧情，用于新闻标题。谓语动词形式：do, do

32、es, is, am, are现在进行时表示现在或当前正在进行的动作或表示说话人对主语赞赏或厌恶的感情色彩。谓语动词形式：am/is/are doing现在完成时表示过去发生地动作或存在的状态对现在产生的影响，或一直持续至今，也许还会继续的动作。谓语动词形式：have/ has done现在完成进行时表示过去发生地动作一直持续到现在，也可能还在进行，强调动作的持续性。谓语动词形式：have/ has been doingII 考点分类详解1. 一般现在时（1） 表示现在习惯性的、经常性的动作或存在的状态，常和always, often, usually, sometimes, at times

33、, every day 等时间状语连用。I get up at six oclock every morning. 我每天早上六点起床。（经常性的动作）He is a student. 他是学生。（现在的状态）（2） 表示客观事实或普遍真理（不受时态限制）The teacher told the students that the moon goes around the earth. 老师和学生说月亮绕着地球转。（3） 表示按时刻表将要发生的动作（只限于少数动词，如：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, take off, return, stop,

34、open, close等），一般有明确的时间状语。The train leaves at 4:30 p.m. 火车下午四点半离开。The movie starts at 7:00, hurry up! 电影7点开始，快点儿啊！（4） 在以here或there开头的倒装句中，用一般现在时表示正在进行的动作。Here comes the bus. 车来了。There goes the bell. 铃声响了。 （5） 在时间状语从句、让步状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时表示将来。I will tell him about this as soon as I see him. 我一见到他就会

35、告诉他的。His daughter wont go to bed until she finishes her homework. 他女儿做完作业才会去睡觉。2. 现在进行时（1） 表示说话时正在进行的动作。Look, they are playing football. 看，他们正在踢足球。What are looking at now? 你在看什么？（2） 表示现阶段正在进行的动作（但不一定在说话时正在进行），或表示正在发展、变化的情况。The population of the world is increasing. 世界人口在不断增长。The leaves are turning y

36、ellow. 树叶变黄了。（3） 句中如果有always, all the time, constantly, forever等词或词组时，用进行时态描述一个频繁发生的动作，相当于“老是”，表示说话人的赞赏、责备、厌恶等情感。Hes always thinking of others. 他总是想着别人。（赞赏）Hes always working hard. 他总是很用功。（赞赏）Shes forever criticizing me. 她老是批评我。（厌恶，反感）Youre always throwing things around. 你老是乱扔东西。（责备）（4） 表示最近按计划要进行的动

37、作（只限于部分动词，如come , go, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, play, do, have, wear, take off等）， 一般和一个表示将来的时间状语连用。Professor Smith is coming to give us a speech next week. 史密斯教授下周来给我们做演讲。Im leaving on Sunday. 我礼拜天就走了。【注意】 现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来的区别： 一般现在时表示将来是指按时刻表的，其动作具有经常性；现在进行时表示将来就是指某一次，其动作具有暂时性。

38、3. 现在完成时（1） 动作发生在过去，但是对现在有影响。注意句中没有表示过去的时间状语。I have seen the movie, so I know what it is about. 我看过这部电影了，我知道它关于什么的。Where have you put my bag? I cant find it now. 你把我的包放哪儿了? 我找不到了。【比较】现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响，讲述的是现在的情况，不可与表示过去的时间状语连用，如上文例句中看过电影对现在的影响就是知道了情节，把包放在哪儿的影响就是找不到了。一般过去时强调的是在过去发生地动作或状态，与

39、现在无关，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。（2） 动作从过去开始，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用的时间状语有：for+一段时间，since+过去时间，so far, already, yet, just, these days, during/in the last/past few years/days, up to/till now等。Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last few years.在过去的几年中，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。I have studied English for 7 years. 我已经

40、学了7年英语了。I have lived in this city since I graduated from university. 自从我大学毕业我就住在这个城市。（3） 下列句型中常用现在完成时It/This/That is the first/second/third time that It/This/That is +最高级+名词+that引导的定语从句This is the third time that I have been here. 这是我第三次到这儿来。It is the best movie that I have seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。4. 现在完成

41、进行时（1） 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作，可能刚停止，也可能还在继续。也可表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作，强调反复和持续。We have been looking for you for an hour. 我们找了你一个小时了。She has been teaching English since she graduated. 她毕业后一直在教英语。Shes very tired for she has been cleaning the house all the morning. 她累了因为她一早上一直在打扫房子。She has been saying th

42、at twenty times. 这话她已经说了20遍了。（表示一种埋怨）（2） 注意区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时现在完成时强调动作的完成和对现在的影响和结果，而现在完成进行时强调是动作的反复和延续。比较：I have watered the flowers. 我已经给花浇过水了。（浇了一次，现在花不干了） I have been watering the flowers. 我一直在给花浇水。（可能现在还在浇水，强调反复和持续）【语法专项练习】I .Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the given words 1. All the

43、time he _ (complain) about everything. I cant stand him. 2. My train _(leave) at 4 this afternoon. I have to get to the station by 3:30. 3. I feel sick now. I _ (read) books the whole afternoon. 4. You look frightened. What _ (happen) to you? 5. Here _ (come) the teacher. 6. This is the most interes

44、ting story that I _ (listen) to. 7. Technological developments in the past few decades _ (be) breathtaking. 8. I have to take a taxi to work. My car _ (repair) now. 9. This is the first time that I _ (visit) the Great Wall. 10. He _ (tell) the same story eight times.II. Multiple choice1. The father

45、as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going 2. You _ me crazy! Turn off the TV, Mary. -Jane, I think you _ a walk in the garden. A. are driving; need B. drove; needed C. have driven; are needing D. drive; are nee

46、ded 3. Our library _ now and it will be put in use this fall. A. is built B. is being built C. is building D. has been built 4. My house _ twice this month. -Im sorry to hear that. A. has been broken into B. was broken in C. has been broken in D. was broken into 5. With ticket prices rising, TV _ of

47、f as the typical way of watching a game for the young and old. A. has taken B. had taken C. was taken D. is taken 6. My friend, who_ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.(2006年浙江卷) A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has been serving 7. Ladies and gentleme

48、n, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _. (2006年福建卷) A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off 8. The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here any more.(2006年全国卷I) A. hasnt lived B. didnt live C. hadnt live D. doesnt live9. - Whats that noise? - Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new

49、 machine _.（08年浙江卷）A. was tested. B. will be tested. C. is being tested. D. has been tested 10. Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much.（08年重庆）A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damage 11. Do you think we should accept that offer?- Yes, we should, for we _suc

50、h bad luck up till now, and time _ out.（08年江西卷）A. have had; is running B. had; is runningC. have; has been run D. have had; has been run 12. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _ to arrive.（08年全国卷）A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected 13. Have you known D

51、r. Jackson for a long time?Yes, since she the Chinese Society.（08年全国卷I）A. has joinedB. joinsC. had joinedD. joined14. Have you got any job offers?No. I _.（08年辽宁卷）A. waited B. had been waitingC. have waitedD. am waiting 15. I like these English songs and they many times on the radio.（08年安徽卷） A. taugh

52、t B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught【知能提升训练】.单词拼写1. Have you heard the s “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy” ?2. Many people were buried a after the building collapsed.3. The audience fell s , as they waited for the performers to come on stage.4. The boys (使愉快） themselves by d

53、rawing pictures.5. Its (值得的）to try again. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空take on/make room for/burst into/in response to/trip over1. The law was passed _ public pressure.2. Clary _ a cable and broke his foot.3. Claire looked as if she were about to _ tears.4. Im trying to _ a vegetable garden in the backyard.5. Don

54、t _ too much work-the extra cash isnt worth it. 翻译句子1. 他经常拿我的错误开玩笑，这使我非常生气。_2. 我决定学习英语只是为了消遣。_3. 他对此事没做任何回答。_4. 他对去长城很感兴趣。（be enthusiastic about)_5. 教书很辛苦，但我认为很值得。_. 单项填空请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1. She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do _ it takes to save her life.(2009湖南)A. w

55、hichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever2. Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? Sorry. _.（2009江苏）A. Its repaired B. It has been repaired C. Its being repaired D. It had been repaired 3. Im surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have _ . So am I. They seemed very happy togeth

56、er when I last saw them. （2009江苏）A. broken up B. finished up C. divided up D. closed up4. Now that we have discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions _?(2009全国)A. taking B. take C. taken D.to take5. Putting on a happy face not only helps us make friends but also makes us feel better.

57、_. (2009天津)A. Id love to B. Im with you on thatC. Its up to you D. Its my pleasure6. When did you last hear _Jay?He phoned me this morning, and we agreed _ a time and place to meet. (2008湖南)A. of; to B. about; with C. from; with D. from; on 7. The message is very important, so it is supposed _ as so

58、on as possible. (2008陕西)A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending8. It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and _ better ones your own.(2008北京)A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducing D. introduced 9. _ fire, all exits must be kept clear. A. In place of B. Inst

59、ead of C. In case of D. In spite of 10. She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. I guess so. Its not difficult after all.A. should B. couldC. must D. might11. _ tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao. A. However the weather is likeB. However is the weather likeC. Whatever is the weather

60、 likeD. Whatever the weather is like12. There have been several new events _ to the programme for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added13. Could you do me a favour?It depends on _ it is.A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever 14. _ environmental damage is done, it tak

61、es many years for the ecosystem (生态系统) to recover.A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once 15. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparingUnit 2 What is happiness to you【重点词汇讲解】1.

62、injure 比较wound, injure 和 hurt wound和injure均可指对身体的伤害。 但wound侧重利器或子弹对肉体的伤害，是故意的行为，常与战争有关； 而injure强调人在意外事故中受伤，如机器造成的或运动中受伤。 hurt既可以是重伤，也可以是轻伤。同时也可以是伤害感情。1. She was _because she was not invited to the party. (hurt)2. He couldnt come to work because he was knocked down by a bike and _his feet. (injured)3

63、. In that battle two of our soldiers were killed and five were _. (wounded)2. apart adj, adv. 1). 相距 The two buildings are 100 meters apart.2). 成碎片 The cup fell apart in my hand.3). 分开，分离 You never see them apart these days.apart from 远离 ; 除外；Apart from a house in Nanjing, they also have one in Beij

64、ing. (=besides)Apart from a few words, I dont know any French at all. (=Except for)3. junior (年少的，初级的） junior middle school 初中He is junior to me. 他的职位比我低。He is three years my junior. 他比我小3岁4. in difficult times times 时代；时势 in ancient times _ in the times of Henry III _the actors of the times _Times

65、_ (have) changed.5. dedicate 1)dedicate sth. to (doing) sth. Andy wants to dedicate more time to his hobbies.This woman has dedicated her whole life to helping others.2) dedicate oneself to sth. 把自己献身于 He dedicated himself to academic work.3) dedicate sth. to sb. 题词把献给某人 Lynne has dedicated the nove

66、l to her friend Norma.6. cost 1) 花费某人(钱/时间/精力/劳动)The book cost me 5 yuan.2) 使某人付出代价His carelessness cost him his life.【搭配】 1）cost sth. to do sth.How much does it cost to hire a bike?2）cost sb. dearly: cause a serious lossWe made two mistakes that cost us dearly.3）at the cost of 以为代价He saved the boy

67、from the fire at the cost of his life.7. be rushed to somewhere. rush sb. to/ into/ off : to take or send someone or something somewhere in a hurry. 急忙送到 Eg: Frank was rushed to hospital with violent stomach pains.rush sb. into (doing) sth.: 催促(某人)； 使赶紧eg: You cant rush someone into marrying you.rus

68、h into sth.: 仓促做；急忙做eg: Try not to rush into a decision you may later regret.最好别仓促作出决定，否则你以后会后悔的。8. in good spirits lift/ raise sbs spirits 振作精神 The bad weather did nothing to lift her spirits.in high/good spirits 心情好Dads in high spirits today, isnt he? in low spirits 不高兴的 keep up ones spirits 提起精神

69、the spirit of the law 法律的真谛 thats the spirit 那样才对，那才算好样的9. overcome v. overcame overcome 1) 克服 Jimmy overcame his difficulties to graduate with a first-class degree.2) 使垮掉，使昏迷Two men died when they were overcome by smokes from the fire.3) vi./vt. 战胜，制服 (to defeat someone or something) Government tro

70、ops have finally overcome rebel forces in the north.10. accomplish v. (to succeed in doing sth, especially something that you have been trying to do for a period of time)e.g. He didnt accomplish much at work this week.accomplishment n. : achievemente.g. Arranging the peace talks was a remarkable acc

71、omplishment.accomplished adj. 熟练的，有才艺的e.g. one of Scotlands most accomplished pianists11. adapt to 1) vi. 适应，适合 Most students have little difficulty adapting to college life. 2) vt. 使适应，使适合 Course can be adapted to suit the needs of the individual . 3) vt. 改编，改写 adapt sth. from sth.The film is adapt

72、ed from a Michael Crichtons novel.12. He thinks that I need to arrange to spend even more time working on my basket skills.arrange vt.1) arrange sth.arrange a ceasefire 安排一次停火2) arrange for sth.arrange for a private meeting 安排一次私人会面3) arrange for sb. to do sth. Peter arranged for a friend to drive h

73、im there.彼得安排朋友开车送他去那儿。4) arrangement n.make arrangements for 为作安排13. It feels like allocating time for each is just not practical.看上去为每件事安排时间是不实际的。1）allocate vt. 分配，配给The results will depend on how each department allocates its resources.结果将取决于每个部门如何分配其资源。2）allocate sth. for sth. One million dollar

74、s has been allocated for disaster relief.已拨款100万美元用于救灾。3）allocate sth to sb. 把分配给4）allocation n. 分配，配给量14. because humans will have learned to fix many of the problems that fix vt. 1）使固定,放在固定位置 He fixed the picture on the wall. The chair was fixed next to the door. 2）确定,决定 Weve fixed the date for we

75、dding. 3）安排,解决 If you want to meet them, I can fix it. Everything had been fixed in advance. 15. Technology will guarantee good health and guarantee vt. 保证 1） 跟名词Buying a train ticket doesnt guarantee you a seat.2） 跟从句I can guarantee that you will be satisfied with the result. 3） 跟不定式 We guarantee t

76、o be here on time tomorrow.n. 保证;保修单(可数)I give my guarantee that he will be here tomorrow.With my new watch was a guarantee that it will keep good time.16. enjoying each others company company cn.公司 un.陪伴,交往 eg:to form a new companyWe will be glad with your company.【搭配】 in company (with) (和) 一道He ca

77、me in company with a group of boys.keep company (with) 和要好, 伴随Never keep company with dishonest persons.Ill keep company with you as far as London Bridge.accompany vt.On the first day of the new term, his father accompanied him to school.n. companion同伴,伴侣 a close companion【单元语法讲解】Past tensesThe simp

78、le past tense一般过去时The past continuous tense过去进行时The past perfect tense过去完成时The simple past tense1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1980 等。2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。Eg. When I was a child, I often played football in the street. He always went to work by b

79、us.3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。( 1.)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Eg. Did you want anything else? I wondered if you could help me.( 2. )情态动词 could, would，Eg. Could you lend me your bike?4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。Eg. If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. If he were here now, we could turn to him

80、for help.注意下列句型： It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了；早该了”，Eg. It is time you went to bed. would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”，Eg. Id rather you came tomorrow.The past continuous tense1) 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。常与at that time , the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening等

81、连用。Eg. What was he doing this time yesterday? In 2001 she was studying in a university. 2.）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station.The past perfect tense1）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用by

82、, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。 By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.2）过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。Eg. Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours. He had been in this college for five years before I came here

83、.3）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.4）在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.5）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本，未能” We had hoped that you would come, but y

84、ou didnt.6）过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.【语法专项练习1】Fill in the blanks with the proper tenses of the words.1. Ihaveseenthefilm“Titanic” already. When_you_it？ (see)Thedaybeforeyesterday. 2. He told me

85、 that MrBlack _inBeijing sincefive years ago.( live)3.We_treeslastSunday. Sofarwe_over3，000treesthere. (plant)4. Did you see a man in black pass by just now? No, sir. I _a newspaper. (read)5. Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday? Yes, he did. He _ his old friends for a long time. (not see

86、)6. I _ there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist. (be)7. Is there any thing wrong, Bob? You look sad. Oh, nothing much. In fact I _ my friends back home. (think of )Translation:1. 我上周去看爷爷和奶奶了。2. 你告诉我之前，我已经看过这部电影。3. 妈妈昨晚没看电视，她去阿姨家了4. 昨天这个时候,我们班的同学在操场上踢足球.Future tensesThe si

87、mple future tense一般将来时The future continuous tense将来进行时The future in the past过去将来时The future perfect tense将来完成时The simple future tense1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。Eg. Which paragraph shall I read first？ Will you be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a.

88、主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month. c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave fo

89、r Beijing.【注意】be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。be going to / will的用法之比较： 用于条件句时，be going to表将来，will表意愿。例：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mi

90、rror.be to和be going to 的用法之比较：be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to 则表示主观的打算或计划。Eg. I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排) The future continuous tense1.) 表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如：Eg. This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou. What wil

91、l you be doing at eight tomorrow morning? Well be watching television all evening.2) 表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的动作。Eg. Well be having tea after dinner as usual. The leaves will be falling soon. We shall be having a meeting tomorrow morning. Ill be taking my holidays soon3）将来进行时常用的时间状语: soon, tomorrow

92、, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。 By this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach.注意：将来进行时不用于表示意志，不能说 Ill be having a talk with her.The future in the past基本形式： wouldshould动词原形（其中 would 用于各种人称， should 常用于第一人称）。They were sure they would win the final vic

93、toryHe didnt expect that we should（would）all be there过去将来时的一些其它表达形式： 1wasweregoing to动词原形 He said he was going to try2waswereto动词原形 They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May Day3waswere about to动词原形 We were about to go out when it began to rain4过去进行时（一般多为动作概念较强的动词，如 go，come， leave，sta

94、rt， open，begin 等）也可用于表示将来。 I didnt know when they were coming again【注意点】 1在时间和条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。 He said he would come to see you when he had time2“would动词原形”可表示过去习惯性的动作。不管什么人称，都可用would。 When he was a child, he would get up earlyThe future perfect tense将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作。与before+将来时间或by

95、+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。例： By the end of this week, I shall have finished the book. The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home.注意：使用这种时态时，多会涉及两个动作或状态，一个在前，一个在后；叙述前面的动作或状态，动词要用将来完成时；叙述后面的动作或状态，动词要用一般现在时。We will have completed the work before you come.We will have pl

96、ayed ball when you come.（或 when you come, we will have played ball.）He says that he will have graduated from a university before you return home.【语法专项练习2】1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be2. Charlie _ here next month.A.

97、isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be4. The train _ at 11.A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving5. 他说他将在大门口等我的。6. 我们打算明天去冲浪。7. 明天这个时候

98、我们正在上英语课。Exercises：1. Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Dont you like it? Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time. I certainly think its smart.A. wasnt making B. dont makeC. wont make D. didnt make2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy tas

99、k because the city _ so rapidly all these years.A. is changing B. has changedC. will have changed D. will change3. He _ quite well, but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer.A. will swim B. have swum C. swam D. swims4. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he _by now.A. hasnt turned

100、 up B. doesnt turn upC. wont turn up D. hadnt turned up5. Im terribly sorry for being late, but I _ the wrong bus.A. catch B. had caughtC. caughtD. catching6. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walking7. I rea

101、lly dont think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _.A. is B. does C. will beD. has been8. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _.A. were playingB. were to playC. had played D. played9. K

102、ate is in hospital. Oh, really? I _. _ visit her.A. didnt know; Ill go andB. dont know; Ill go andC. dont know; Im going toD. didnt know; Im going to10. Where _ the guidebook? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here, but now its gone.A. did you put; have putB. had you put; have putC. have you put;

103、 putD. were you putting; put11. Do you live in this city? No, we _ it for holidays.A. just visit B. just visited C. are just visiting D. have visited12. How is the old man now? Sorry, he _ though they did all they could to save him.A. was deadB. had died C. has been dead D. died13.The lake will be f

104、urther polluted unless some measures _.A. will be taken B. are takenC. were taken D. had been taken 14. Im afraid it will be two months _.A. when I come back B. when Ill come backC. before I come backD. before Ill come back15.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look for something he _ in the

105、office.A. had worked, had left B. were working ; had left C. working ; had left D. had worked; left16.The notice _ “No smoking”.A. is told B. readsC. tells D. is read17. The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 18. Old McDonald gave up s

106、moking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 19. I _ my son _ a doctor, but he wasnt good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become 20. I _ to take a good holiday this

107、 year, but I wasnt able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 21. Helen _ _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come 22. He stepped into the office, _ down and began to fill in

108、 the forms. A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it23. She said she would telephone but we _from her so far. A. havent heard B. didnt hear C. hadnt heard D. wont hear24. When I got to the cinema, the film_ _for ten minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. had been on D. was25. Ill go with you as soon

109、as I _ my homework. A. will finish B. finish C. am finishing D. finished26. If it _ tomorrow, I wont go to the cinema. A. will rain B. rains C. is raining D. rained27. She is going to be a nurse when she _ up. A. is going to grow B. grows C. growing D. grew28. “这本书我已经买了三个月了。” which is wrong？ A. I ha

110、ve had this book for three months. B. I have bought this book for three months. C. I bought this book three months ago. D. It is three months since I bought this book.29. Come in, Peter, I want to show you something. Oh, how nice of you! I _ you _ to bring me a gift. A. never think; are going B. nev

111、er thought; were going C. didnt think; were going D. hadt thought; were going30. When I was at college I _ three foreign languages, but I _ all except for a few words of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten31. The police fo

112、und that the house _ and a lot of things _. A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen32. The volleyball match will be put off if it_. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining33. Mary _ a dress when she

113、 cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes34. The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had written; left B. were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left35. Have you moved into the new house? No yet, the rooms _, A

114、. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting36. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened37. Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have be

115、en C. came D. am coming38. We could have walked to the station. It was so near. Yes, A taxi _ at all necessary. A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wont be39. If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B.

116、 are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to40. Tom _ into the house when no one _. A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked【知能提升训练】.单词拼写 1. Sang Lan had been a successful g before she was injured in an accident.2. T

117、he villagers are determined to r their homes after they were destroyed by the recent flood.3. He never complained about anything.He is always p .4. The courage Tom showed during the final part of the race was (令人钦佩的).5. We are lucky to have such experienced,helpful and (投入的，专注的)teachers in this scho

118、ol. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空look back on/ahead of/in case/apart from1. He had his camera ready,just _ he saw something that would make a good picture.2. Quite _ the cost,we need to think about how much time the job will take.3. Let Tom walk _ youhe knows this path very well.4. When I _ those days I realized

119、I was desperately unhappy. 翻译句子1. 许多人即使处在困境中也能保持快乐的心情。_2. 他抱怨他的父母只关心他的考试结果。（focus on）_3. 我曾经工作过的公司有非常严格的规章制度。一次早晨迟到，让我丢了工作。(cost sb. sth.)_4. 毕业后，我在继续深造和找工作之间为难。_5. 无论面对什么样的困难，他对生活的态度总是乐观的。_. 单项填空请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1. _ to his search,he spared no time to spend a weekend with us. A.

120、Devoting B. Devoted C. Caught D. Lost2. It is said that Toms sister fell off her bike on her way to school, _ in the left leg.A. seriously damaging B. hurting badly C. breaking seriously D. badly hurt3. It is highly desirable that every effort _ to reuse the pollution in Beijing.A. is made B. was ma

121、de C. were made D. be made4. I couldnt _ .The line was busy.A. go by B. go through C. get in D. get through 5. Mr Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired;boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring6. Teenagers who discover they were _ often search for their biologica

122、l parents when they are old enough.A. adapted B. adopted C. brought up D. looked after7. Mr Li made up his mind to devote all he could _ his oral English before going abroad.A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving8. How did you learn to speak English so well?By practising English _ I h

123、ad a chance.A. whatever B. however C. whenever D. whoever9. Smoking does great harm to our health. _ is smoking allowed in public places.A. At no time B. In no time C. At all times D. All the time10. Wait until we get a satisfactory reply,will you?I couldnt agree _ .The idea sounds great to me.A. mu

124、ch B. worse C. more D. at all 11. _ to the Chinese revolutionary cause, Dr. Bethune was widely respected by the Chinese people.A. Devoting B. Devoted C. To devote D. Devote12. My father may have to go into hospital, _ he wont be going on holiday.A. in that case B. in which case C. in case D. in the

125、case 13. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A. should have taken B. could have taken C. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken14. Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he _. A. writes B

126、. does writingC. is writing D. does write15. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet.A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decidedUnit 3 Understanding each other【重点词汇讲解】Cultural differences 文化差异(p34-37)1）difference (u.

127、c.) 差别，差异，差异点 Young people must be taught to learn the difference between good and evil.必须教导年轻人学会区分善与恶。There isnt any difference in structure between the two machines.这两部机器的构造没有什么区别。2）意见相左，不和，争论Do you think the two countries can settle their difference?你认为那两个国家能解决彼此之间的纠纷吗？【归纳拓展】make no difference (t

128、o sb./sth.)对某人/某事部重要、不要紧make some difference (to sb./sth)对某人/某事有些作用或影响make a difference between 区别对待；不同样对待with a difference 特别的；与众不同的 2 try to accumulate some more information about cultural differences because I have to do a piece of homework on cultural differences.1）accumulate vt. vi.( gradually

129、get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of sth. ) 积存，积攒；蓄积，累积, 聚集 By buying ten books every month, he soon accumulated a good library. 他每月买十本书, 不久便集成一个丰富的藏书库。 Dust had accumulated during her absence. 她不在时灰尘积了起来。2）accumulation n.积蓄 accumulation of wealth 财富的累积3.topictopic : a subject

130、which is discussed, written about or studied 话题 theme: the main subject of a talk, book, film, etc. or a short, simple tune on which a piece of music is based: 主题title ：the name of a film, book, painting, piece of music, etc: 题目 Our discussion ranged over various topics, such as acid rain and the ho

131、le in the ozone layer. 我们的讨论范围涉及各种各样的话题,如酸雨及臭氧层的洞.The theme of loss runs through most of his novels. 失落的主题贯穿着他的小说的大部分.The title of the book he read yesterday is called Little Women.昨天他读的那本书名叫小妇人。4. He gets quite excited whenever it comes to this topic.（1）get+ p.p. 使自己处于某种状态和情况；或表被动意义。如：get dressed 穿

132、上 get married 结婚get burnt 烧伤，晒黑了 get paid 得以付钱 （2）come to 谈到，说到， to 是介词，后跟名词、动名词I know nothing when it comes to repairing cars.说到修车，我是一无所知。When it comes to film stars , he becomes interested.说到电影明星，他变得很感兴趣。When it comes to maths, Im completely at sea.谈到数学时,我完全摸不着头脑。When it comes to money, everyone i

133、s serious.一提到钱，大家都严肃起来。5.The British teachers didnt know what he was talking about or what Thanksgiving was held in celebration of.1）in celebration of to celebrate 为了庆祝；celebration n. 庆典，庆祝活动 birthday /wedding celebrations 过生日；结婚庆典They held a party in celebration of his birthday.为庆祝他的生日，他们举行了一个聚会。Pe

134、ople spend Christmas in celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ.人们过圣诞节是为了庆祝耶稣基督的诞生。Such good news calls for (= deserves) a celebration!2）celebrate vt. “庆祝”，宾语是事，即后接sth. congratulate表“祝贺”其宾语是受到祝贺的人，可组成短语congratulate sb. on sth./doing名词congratulation可构成短语 congratulations to sb. on sth./doingWe always

135、 celebrate our wedding anniversary by going out to dinner.我们总是出去吃饭来庆祝结婚周年纪念日.6. its to do with celebrating the first harvest after the settlers from Europe went to live in the USA.it s to do with= it has to do with 和有关a. 表示肯定，用have something/ much/ a lot/ a great deal to do withA tsunami has a lot t

136、o do with the earthquake down the ocean.海啸与海底地震有很大关系。The Iraqi War has more to do with oil than with anti-terrorism.伊拉克战争与反恐没多大关系，更多的是与石油有关。b. 表示否定，用have nothing/ little/ not much to do withThis doesnt have much to do with me.这与我没多大关系。The organization declares that it has nothing to do with the terr

137、orist attack.这个组织声称与恐怖袭击无关。c. 表示疑问，用have anything to do withDoes he have anything to do with the murder? 他与这个谋杀案有关吗？7. Getting things wrong can be quite embarrassing! Her questions about my private life embarrassed me. Shes embarrassed about her height. It was so embarrassing having to sing in publi

138、c. I nearly died of embarrassment when he said that. embarrassing adj. 令人难堪的 embarrassed adj. 感到害羞的 embarrass vt. 使困窘、使尴尬 embarrassment n. 害羞，窘迫8. clarify vt ：to make something clear or easier to understand by giving more details or a simpler explanation: 你能把第一点解释一下吗? 我没有完全地理解。Could you clarify the

139、first point please? I dont understand it completely.clarification C or U9. If a man participates in a wedding reception in Brunei, he has to sit with the bridegroom and the other men.1) participate vi. 参加，参与，有关系，常与in 连用，一般用于比较正式的场合。Professionals cannot participate in the tournament. 职业选手不得参加锦标赛。Did

140、you participate in the discussion? 你参加讨论了吗？China often participates in the world peace-keeping missions 中国经常参加国际维和行动。If only I could participate in your good fortune. 要是我能分享你的好运就好了。2) participation n.10. Its quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that. adjust1) adjus

141、t 做“适应”解时，为不及物动词，常带介词to, 意为“(主语)适合”, “适应”。It was a few minutes before his eyes adjusted to the dark.几分钟后他的眼睛才适应黑暗。The body quickly adjusts to changes in temperature.身体会很快地适应气温地改变。It took her a while to adjust to living alone after the divorce.她离婚以后，过了一段时间才适应了单身生活。2) adjust 作“调整”“调节”解时，为及物动词。You can

142、adjust this desk to the height of any child.你可以根据小孩的身高，随意调整这张桌子的高度。The button is for adjusting the volume. 这个钮是调节音量的。Adjust your language to the age of your audience.要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。I had the brakes of my bicycle adjusted.我请人调整了我自行车的车闸。I must adjust my watch. Its too slow.我必须调整一下我的手表，它慢了。Since 1979,

143、 our government has adjusted its focus to the modernization of our country.自从1979年以来，我国政府已将其工作中心调整到国家的现代化建设上了。3) adjust oneself to 意为“使自己适应”She soon adjusted (herself) to his way of life.她很快使自己适应了他的生活方式。11. Its time for me to log off.1）log off 是一个电脑网络用语，表示“关机，下线”, 也可用作log out.Yesterday my e-pal logg

144、ed off without saying goodbye.昨天我的网友不打招呼就下线了。2）表示“登录，（ 与）联机，进入（系统）” 用log in 或log on.You have to register if you would like to log in our chat room.你得注册才能进入本聊天室。12. It was very interesting talking to them and analyzing some of the many cultural differences between countries.1) analyse vt. 分析，研讨；分解We

145、analysed the cause of our failure.我们分析了失败的原因。2）analysis n. (pl. analyses) 分析，分解；分析结果a chemical analysis 化学分析We made a careful analysis of the problem.我们仔细分析了那个问题。Here is the analysis of the sales figures.这是销售金额的分析结果。in the last (final) analysis (副) 总之，要之3）analyst n. 分析者；分解者；精神分析医师4）analytic adj. 分析的

146、，分解的 analytic geometry 解析几何13. Many of these words are connected with food or eating. (P38)connect表示“连接，联系，关联”， 常与介词to或with连用。(1) vt. Sentence Pattern: Connect A to/with B把这根电线和电视机连上好吗？Will you connect this wire to/with the television?(2) vi. Sentence Pattern: A connects to/with B这列火车在这里可接上去机场的公共汽车。

147、The train connects here with a bus to the airport.15.Arabic provided English with many words for things that could be traded 阿拉伯语向英语提供了许多词语，这些词语用来表示可以交易的东西。provide sb. with sth. “提供某物给某人”他的公司给他提供了一部小汽车。His company provided him with a car.他们给她提供了钱和衣服。 They provided her with money and clothes.Provide

148、sth for sb. “向某人提供某物”互联网为人们提供了一个表达自己思想观点的新渠道。The Internet provides a new outlet for people to express their views.红十字会为难民们提供了食品和住所。The Red Cross provided food and shelter for the refugees.15. I learned that expectations at weddings can be quite different. (P40-41)expectation U,C expect vt/viYou cant

149、 expect to learn a foreign language in a few months.Her parents expected high standards from her.The holiday lived up to all our expectations (= was as good as we were expecting).We did so well - beyond all (= better than) our expectations.There was a general expectation that he would win.She went t

150、o college with great expectations.【归纳拓展】 contrary to expectations 出乎意料 meet expectations 达到预期的期望 expectation of life 生活期望16. Were you to do that, you would certainly have our approval and we would all beapproval U 赞成；同意；U, C 批准，通过 approve v She desperately wanted to win her fathers approval.The plan

151、 will be submitted to the committee for official approval.Do you approve of my idea?He doesnt approve of me leaving school this year.【归纳拓展】approval for sth. from sb. seal of approval 正式批准on approval 试用 approve of sb./sth. 同意某人/某事17. There was a boat we could go on but we got held up（P42-43）有一条船我们可以坐

152、，但我们被拦住了。get held up 表示“被阻止了，被拦住了”， get held up 是get+过去分词 结构hold up 表示“阻挡，使停顿，使耽误”浓雾使一些火车停开Thick fog held up a number of trains.这场事故使交通停顿了。The traffic was held up by the accident.这部电影在首映时被叫停了，因为影片中暴力过多。The movie got held up on its first show as there is too much violence in it.18. The word taboo has

153、 its origins in the Tongan language.Taboo一词起源于汤加语。句中has its origins in 所用结构是have ones origin in表示“源自，起源于”有些科学家认为地球上的生命起源于其他一些行星。因此我们本身就是外星人。Some scientists believe that life on the earth has its origin in other planets. So we are aliens ourselves.have ones origin as表示以（形式）作为起源长江起源于青海省境内的一条小溪。The Yan

154、gtze River has its origin as a brook in Qinghai Province.19.When you are in contact with people from different cultures,be in contact with sb. 与某人联系作者正在与出版社联系。The author is in contact with the publisher.be out of contact with sb. 与某人失去联系 那个男孩在战争中与父母失去了联系The boy was out of contact with his parents in

155、 the war.【归纳拓展】be out of contact with 和失去联系/接触,have contact with 和有联系/接触bring into contact with 使接触, 使与联系lose contact with 和失去联系/接触make contact with 和联系/接触come into contact with 接触contact vt. 使接触，与有联系 n. 接触, 联系详情请探询我们的当地部门。For further details, please contact our local office.飞行员试图与基地联系The polite tri

156、ed to make contact with his base【相关表达】 keep/stay in touch with 与保持联系 get in touch with 与取得联系 lose touch with/be out of touch with 与失去联系20.We offer you the chance to visit different minority cultures and experience for yourself their traditions, customs and way of life. 我们给您提供机会，让您接触不同的少数民族文化，亲身体验他们的

157、传统、风俗和生活方式。(P46-47)by oneself, of oneself, for oneself, to oneself等“介词+反身代词”词组在阅读中经常碰到，由于理解不够准确，常常造成阅读理解的障碍，因此，有必要加以举例说明。 by oneself 单独地，独自地; They made the model machines all by themselves. of oneself 自行地; The fire died of itself. for oneself 亲自，为自己; Do you have anything to say for yourself? to ones

158、elf含有“暗自（在心中）,独用” 的意思，常与动词think, say, talk, tell等连用。This dictionary is used to himself.This trip you will get to learn about Aboriginal musical instruments. 本次旅行过程中你还会了解到澳大利亚土著乐器。get to learn 所用的结构是：get to do sth.，表示“逐渐开始做某事”。此处to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，后面必须接动词原形。His girlfriend gets to love him. 他的女友逐渐开始爱上他

159、了。We get do know each other on the internet. 我们在网上逐渐了解对方。 She gets to like English. 她开始喜欢上英语了。New Zealand is home to the Maori tribe. 新西兰现为毛利民族的家园。be home to + 表示单位、机构的名词，意为“某地活某处是的所在地、总部、基地等”。=be the home ofHawaii is hone to the US Pacific Fleet. 夏威夷是美国太平洋舰队的基地。 Silicon Valley is home to the US hi-

160、tech industry. 硅谷是美国高科技产业的所在地。 The earth is home to mankind. 地球是人类的家园。 It is likely that the moon will be another home to us. 月球有可能成为我们的另一个家园。They brought with them a Polynesian culture rich in song, dance, carving and weaving.他们给新西兰带来了在歌舞，雕刻和编织方面有丰富内涵的波利尼西亚文化。be rich in 盛产，富含这个地区的野生动植物很多。The area i

161、s rich in wildlife.橘子含有丰富的维生素C。Oranges are rich in vitamin C.沙特阿拉伯盛产石油。Saudi Arabia is very rich in oil.there you will eat food such as fish and kumara which is cooked by wrapping them in leaves and steaming them over hot stones. 在那里，你将品尝到鱼以及用叶子包裹起来然后在滚热的石头上蒸煮的红薯。wrapwrappedwrapped wrappingvt. (用) 包

162、, 裹(常与up连用) wrap+名(in名)那女孩把她的圣诞礼物包起来。The girl wrapped (up) her Christmas gift.他把自己裹在毛毯里。He wrapped himself (up) in a blanket.山丘笼罩在薄雾里。 The hills were wrapped in the mist.vt. 把缠绕(于), 把披(在) wrap+名+(around /about 名)他用围巾围上脖子。 He wrapped a scarf around his neck.她把婴儿裹在浴巾里。She wrapped a bath towel about th

163、e baby. = She wrapped the baby in a bath towel.be wrapped up in 完全被包在里；全神贯注于；他全神贯注地看电视。He was wrapped up in (watching) TV.There are many different tribes that belong to the Native American Indian group.=There are many different tribes belonging to belong to 属于 （该词组无进行时态，也无被动语态； 做定语和状语时只有V-ing）Mary s

164、aid the book belonged to her.The precious vase belongs to our family and is highly valued.【单元语法讲解】【（The Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气】 在英文句子中，谓语动词的语气是用来表示说话人对所讲内容的态度、看法以及心情等。英文句子中谓语动词的语气有三种：A）直陈语气（The Indicative Mood）直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态：He has published quite a number of essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论文。B) 祈

165、使语气（The Imperative Mood）祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等：Wait outside until you are asked. 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。Lets just take a break, shall we? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？C) 虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气例如：I w

166、ish you were more careful .但愿你更细心一些。If I had more money, I would buy a bigger apartment.我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。Would you mind shutting the door? 劳驾您把门关上。 虚拟语气是英语语法中的难点。考生应主要掌握虚拟语气在下列情况下的用法：虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法；在宾语从句中的用法；在壮语从句中的用法；及主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中的用法；在一些特殊句型中的用法等。一.用于非真实条件句中的虚拟语气几种情况。条件句分为两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句。与

167、现在事实相违背If I had time, I would certainly join you in the tennis match. （事实是：我没有时间）我要是有时间肯定和你一起打这场网球比赛。If I were you, I would put her suggestion into account.（事实是：我并不是你）我要是你，我会考虑她的建议的。与过去事实相违背If I hadnt been caught by something, I would have come to your party yesterday. (事实是：我昨天被某些事缠住了)我昨天要不是被些事缠住了，我

168、就会去参加你们的聚会了。If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake.（事实是：他没有听我的建议）要是他听进了我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了。与未来事实相违背If I should have a chance to try it, I would do it in another way. （假设的情况不大可能发生）要是我有机会试一试，我会用另一种方法做的。Even if they were to fail, they wouldnt lose courage. （说话人不希望假设的情况发生）即使他们

169、万一失败，他们也不会泄气。熟悉并掌握好下面的基本句式：条件从句主句与现在事实相违背过去式（动词是be用were）should / would/could/might + 动词原形 与过去事实相违背had + 过去分词should / would/could/might + have +过去分词与未来事实相违背1) should + 动词原形2) were + 动词不定式3) 过去式（动词是Be也可以用were）should / would/could/might + 动词原形需要注意以下几点： 1. 省略If的几种情况, 当条件状语从句的谓语部分含有had、should、或were时，就将这样

170、的词had、should、或were搬到句首把句子写成倒装句而将连词if省略。例如：If you were the manager here, what would you do? =Were you the manager here, what would you do? 你若是这里的经理，你会怎么办？If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately. =Should he act like that again, he would be fired immediately. 要是他再那样做，他会被立即解雇的。If

171、 we had time to spare, we would be glad to go to the park=Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park如果能抽出时间，我们很乐意逛公园。If it were not for the discovery of electricity, the modern world would experience great inconvenience=Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would

172、 experience great inconvenience假如没有发现电，现代世界将很不方便。2 含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来替代条件句.1）用介词短语替代条件句。常用介词有with, without, but for等如：We couldnt have succeeded without your help (=if we hadnt got your help).But for the rain(=If it hadnt been for the rain)，we would have finished the work. W

173、ithout air, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气，地球上就不会有生命了。But for your help, the little boy would have been drowned. 要是没有你们的帮助，那个小男孩早就淹死了。We could have done the work better in that case. 要是那样的话，我们本可以把工作干得更好一些的。2）用一个副词或连词but / otherwise / or等表示虚拟条件和真实情况交织在一句中如：He telephoned to inform me of y

174、our birthday，or (=If he hadnt telephoned to inform me of your birthday)I would have known nothing about it. There might have been a terrible accident, but he braked the car before it was too late= if he hadnt braked the car before it was too late. He would have come to see you earlier but he just ca

175、me back from his business trip .（本句中的上下文是：but he just came back from his business trip，表示：要是他在家没出差的话）他本来早就来看你了，可他却出差刚刚回来。But that you helped me, I would have failed in the experiment. （本句中的上下文是：But that you helped me，表示：要不是有你帮助我）要没有你帮助我，我的试验本做不成功的。3. be动词在表示与现在事实相反的从句中一般用were。在非正式情况下，第一、第三人称后偶尔也用was

176、如：If he were you，he would go at once.4. 主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would，could以及might可以用于各种人称5. 在表示与将来事实相反的条件句中，只能用should，而不能用would，could和might等如：If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go camping.(should rain也可以用rained，were to rain代替)6. 错综时间非真实条件句中的虚拟语气在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当

177、的虚拟语气形式。例如：1）If I were you，I wouldnt have missed the film last night如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。）2）If he had followed the doctors advice，he would recover already如果他遵照医生的劝告，现在病就好了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）3) If the boy hadnt been saved this afternoon, his family would not be in peace now

178、.如果那个男孩今天下午没有被救，他的家现在就不会如此安宁。4) If the machine were in good conditions, we would have used it in our last experiment. 要是这台机器情况良好，我们上次就将它用于试验了。5) If you were to visit Hainan in two days, I could arrange for some of my friends there to meet you at the airport. 假如你过两天去海南，我现在就可以安排我在那儿的朋友去机场接你。当条件状语从句表示的

179、行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句动词的形式要分别根据它所表示的不同时间作相应的调整。【语法专项练习】I. 单选题1. If I _ where he lived, I _ a note to him.A. knew, wouldB. had known, would have sentC. know, would sendD. knew, would have sent2. Mary is ill today. If she _, she _ absent from school.A. were not ill; wouldnt beB. had been ill

180、; wouldnt have beenC. had been ill; should have beenD. hadnt been ill; could be3. If you had enough money, what _?A. will you buy B. would you buy C. would you have bought D. will you have bought4. Were I to do it, I _ it some other way.A. will do B. would doC. would have done D. were to do5. I _ hi

181、m the answer _ possible, but I was so busy then.A. could tell; if it had beenB. must have told; were itC. should have told; had it beenD. should have told; should it be6. You didnt take his advice. _ his advice, you _ such a mistake.A. Had you taken; wouldnt have madeB. If you had taken; would makeC

182、. Were you lo take; shouldnt have madeD. Have you taken; won t have made7. -If he_, he _ that food.- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken8. I didn

183、t see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did comeC. came D. had come9. Jane would never have gone to the party _ that Mary would come to see her.A. has she known B. had she knownC. if she know D. if she has known10. I didnt know his telephone number. _

184、 it, I _ then.A. Had I known, would ring him upB. Should I know, would have rung him upC. If I knew; would ring him upD. Had I known; would have rung him upII. 翻译1. 如果你听了医生的话，你早就恢复健康了。 2如果没有虚拟语气，英语就容易多了。 3如果她更加努力的话，她就成功了。 4万一他不来，你就代替他。 5 如果我是你，我就不回这个电话。 6 如果我的女儿不忙的话， 她就会来帮助你。【知能提升训练】.单词拼写1. Dust and

185、 dirt soon a if a house is not cleared regularly.2. Over the years,we all learned to a , to become more comfortable with each other. 3. The coach tried to (分析) the cause of our defeat.4. He (阐明)his stand on the issue. 5. The policeman gave an (叙述) of the traffic accident. . 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空have the o

186、pportunity/take off/meet with/hold up/belong to1. Can you prove that the house _ you?2. I _ Mr Zhang at the meeting.3.They were _ by the rain and arrived late. 4. If you come to Brunei, you would have to _ your shoes before going into someones house. 5. You will _ to take part in the drumming and da

187、ncing, and listen to traditional accounts of bravery as well as play games. .完成句子 1. 每当谈到这个话题时，他总是很激动。He gets quite excited _ _ _ _ this topic.2. 尽管我承认他有优点，但是我也能看出他的缺点。While I _ his advantages, I can see his shortcomings. 3. 如今许多年轻的农民都想进城找份工作。Nowadays, many young farmers want to go to the cities to

188、_ _ a job.4. 尽管他上了年纪，但他仍然喜爱参加年轻人的运动。Old as he is, he is fond of the sports _ _ the young men.5. 那个男孩子总是犯同样的错误。 The boy are always _ the same _. 单项填空请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1. Madame Michel found herself in an _ position, and therefore she felt rather _.A. embarrassing; embarrassed B. emb

189、arrassed; embarrassedC. embarrassing; embarrassing D. embarrassed; embarrassing2. Why are you so late?The bus was _ for an hour because a tree had fallen across the road.A. held out B. held on C. held back D. held up3. When will the government _ its position on equal pay for women?A. speak B. clarif

190、y C. tell D. suggest4. The bed can be _ to the height of any people.A. adopted B. adapted C. adjusted D. admired 5. To all the people here _ the honour for the success.A. belong to B. belongs to C. belong D. belongs6. Did you _ the meeting yesterday?No, we all the couples in their wedding party.A. j

191、oin; attended B. join; took part in C. attend; attended D. attend; joined7. _ your letter, I would have written back two days ago.A. If I received B. Should I receive C. Had I received D. If I could have received 8. On October 1st every year all the Chinese people hold great parties _ the birthday o

192、f New China.A. in celebration of B. in memory ofC. in favour of D. in praise of9. At the _ of the headmaster, the students plan to set up a music club at school.A. approval B. agreementC. objection D. appointment10. Miss Li requested that her students _ on time to every class.A. has to be B. were C.

193、 must be D. be11. We keep in touch _ writing often. A. with B. ofC. onD. by 12. According to Bill Gates, the idea _we can play video games and receive E-mails without sitting at a keyboard will come true. However, it is unclear_ this kind of computer will be on sale and_ it will cost.A. which; that;

194、 whatB. /; whether; how muchC. that; when; whatD. that; that; how much13. The thread of my kite broke and it flew away. I told you it would easily break _ it was the weakest.A. when B. forC. sinceD. where14. Was it two months ago _ you luckily got an opportunity to spend your holiday in Canada?_. Jo

195、hn was the lucky dog.A. when; Not I B. when; Not reallyC. that; Not at allD. that; Not me15. Wed better hurry; or well be late. _? Do you really want to listen to the boring lecture?A. For what B. Take it easyC. What onD. So whatUnit 4 Helping people around the world【重点词汇讲解】1 International aid helps

196、 many people around the world to have better lives, especially when things go wrong.国际援助帮助世界上的许多人过上了更好的生活，尤其是当情况变得糟糕的时候。go wrong 出毛病，发生故障；变糟，变坏go 的用法：go 在此处充当系动词，后加形容词做表语，表示变化（通常是由正常变为不正常，好变成坏）。【拓展】： go deaf 变聋 go blind 变瞎 Go sour 变酸 go pale 变苍白 Go mad 变疯 go bad 变质eg. To my surprise, something has g

197、one wrong with the engine. 使我吃惊的是，发动机出毛病了。 She went pale at the news. 听到那消息她的脸色变得苍白。 Eggs go bad easily in summer. 夏天鸡蛋容易变坏。 He went blind after the accident.这次事故后，他的眼睛就瞎了。2. Being a Goodwill Ambassador means that I visit countries where the UN operates programs to help people.作为一名亲善大使意味着我要访问那些联合国采取

198、行动帮助其人民的国家。operate: vt. 使用，使运转（系统、项目、服务等）eg. The government operates a new system for assisting the old people. 政府制定了一个新的制度来帮助老年人。 Machines are operated by electricity. 机器靠电开动。Operate: vi 动手术 operate on eg. The doctor operated on his chest yesterday. 昨天医生给他的胸部动了手术。Operation: n. 军事行动；手术；操作，实施。eg. The

199、 army received an order to put off the operation.部队接到命令要推迟行动。 The operation of the machine is simple.这台机器的操作很简单。 Youd better examine the engine regularly to guarantee its smooth operation.你最好经常检查引擎以保证它能正常运转。 He is very ill and needs an operation. 他病得很重，需要做手术。3. Im pleased to have this chance today t

200、o talk to you about the United Nations or the UN, as it is more often referred to. 我很高兴今天有机会同大家谈谈联合国的情况，联合国被称为UN.refer to: 1) 提交，交付； 2）求助，查询； 3）参照，参阅； 4）言及，提到；5）把称作eg. You can refer to your notes in the exam but discussing with others is not allowed.考试中你可以参考笔记，但不可以与其他人讨论。 If you are still confused,

201、please refer to the expert. 如果你还不明白，可以去问问专家。 The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturer. 商店把投诉转交给了制造商。 Dont refer to that matter again. 不要再提那件事了。 Is she the lady referred to last night? 她就是昨晚提到的那位女士吗？ The speaker referred to him as an up-and coming politicians. 演讲者被认为是一位政治新秀。4. I feel very

202、honored to have been able to take on this role. 能够担任这个角色，我感到十分荣幸。1）honor: vt.尊敬，给予荣誉eg. Im honored that you could come.很荣幸你能来。 The young should honor the old.年轻人应该尊重老人。 I hope that you can honor our agreement.我希望你能信守我们的协议。honor: n. 荣誉，面子，尊敬eg. Everyone has the responsibility to protect the honor of

203、his country.每人都有责任保护祖国的荣誉。 The athletes won great honor for our motherland.运动员们为我们的祖国赢得了无限荣誉。 We mush show honor to our teachers.我们必须尊敬我们的老师。【拓展】： honor 构成的常见短语be honored for 因而受到尊敬be honored with 被授予be/ feel honored by 因而感到极大的荣幸have the honor of doing sth./ to do sth. 有做的荣幸in honor of . 为向表示敬意，为纪念e

204、g. He is honored with the title of a model teacher.他被授予模范教师的称号。 He sang a song in honor of my birthday. 为庆祝我的生日他唱了一首歌。honorable: adj. 可敬的，值得钦佩的，品格高尚的eg. We all trust him because he is an honorable person.我们都很信任他，因为他是一个高尚的人。2) take on: 承担；雇佣；呈现（性质、外观）eg. Dont take on more work than you can do.不要承担超过你

205、所能符合的工作量。 Jiangsu Province has taken on a new look in the past twenty years.二十年来，江苏省呈现的崭新的面貌。5. With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters. 在这些军队和其他可敬的组织的协助下，联合国为战争及灾难的受害者提供帮助。worthy: adj. 令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的eg. He is a worthy teacher

206、.他是一位受人敬重的老师。 His behavior is worthy of praise. 他的行为值得称赞。 She said that she was not worthy to accept the honor they had offered her. 她说她不配接受他们给予的荣誉。【注意】：1） worth 和worthy 表示“值得的”时的区别。be worth + n./ pron. / doingbe worthy of + n./ being done/ to be doneeg. The book is worth reading The book is worthy

207、of being read./ to be read. 这本书值得一读。 2）worthy 表示“可敬的”时，通常作定语，不作表语。6. Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts, the UN helps countries with Other problems such as lack of education, lack of food, poverty, disasters and disease. 除战争和冲突引起的紧急问题外，联合国还帮助那些因教育匮乏、食物短缺，或由贫穷、灾难、疾病引起问题的国家。la

208、ck: vt./ vi./ n. 缺乏，没有， 需要vt. lack something They are so rich that they lack nothing. 他们非常富裕，什么都不缺。vi. lack for something She lacks for common sense. 她缺乏常识。n. (a) lack of The house couldnt be finished as a lack of funds.因为缺少资金，房子无法完工。adj. be lacking in Money for the project is still lacking.开展这个项目的钱

209、还没有着落。 She is lacking in confidence when delivering a speech in public. 她在向公众演讲时总是缺乏自信。7. One of the jobs of the UN is to protect human rights and improve laws on behalf of people who need help. 联合国的职能之一是保护人权和完善那些需要保护的人而制定的法律。on behalf of sb. = on ones behalf 作为某人的代表，为了eg. On behalf of my colleagues

210、 and myself I thank you. 我代表我的同事以及我自己向你表示谢意。 Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize on his behalf. 肯不在场，因此我将代表他接受此奖。8. If only I were a Goodwill Ambassador! 要是我是一个亲善大使就好了！if only 但愿，要是就好了。引导的句子使用虚拟语气。eg. If only I were rich! 但愿我很富有！ If only I had taken your advice! 我要是早接受你的建议就好了。 If only I

211、should come to your party tomorrow evening! 明天晚上要是我能去参加你的聚会就好了！9. What I want to remind everyone is, without your support- such as giving money-UNICEF would not be able to do so much good work. 我要提醒大家的是，如果没有你们的支持比如捐款联合国儿童基金会就不会做得那么好！remind: 提醒，使想起。【短语】： remind sb. of something remind sb. to do remin

212、d (sb) that eg. Im sorry, Ive forgotten your name. Can you remind me? 对不起我忘了你的名字。提醒一下好吗？Passengers are reminded that no smoking is allowed on this train. 旅客们请注意，本次列车禁止吸烟！ That view reminds me of the days when I was brought up in the village. 这个场面让我想起在村子里长大的时光。10. We recommend using alternative sourc

213、es of fuel such as charcoal. 我们推荐使用如木炭之类的替代材料。recommend: vt. 推荐，介绍，建议【短语】：recommend sth to sb = recommend sb sth recommend doing sth recommend sb to do sth recommend sb/ sth for / as sth recommend that sb (should) do .eg. This book was recommended to all the students. 这本书被推荐给了所有的学生。 I recommend book

214、ing the flight ticket as early as possible.我建议尽早定机票。 He was recommended as the chief editor by his co-workers.他被同事推荐当主编。 He recommended that I (should) buy a new car.他建议我买辆新车。recommendation: n. 建议，推荐eg. He should listen to the doctors recommendation that he (should) stay in bed.他应当听从医生的劝告，卧床休息。11. U

215、nfortunately, if the pump breaks down, the repairing of the pump takes several days, as an engineer has to come from the nearest town to repair it. 不幸的是，如果水泵坏了，由于工程师不得不从最近的城里赶过来修理，因此修理水泵要用好几天的时间。break down: 出故障； 失败；（身体）垮掉；（谈话、通讯）中断; 打倒；分解eg. The telephone system has broken down.电话线路坏了。 They have to

216、stop working because the machine had broken down. 他们不得不停止干活，因为机器又坏了。 Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.双边谈判已经破裂。 Her health broke down under the pressure of work.她的身体在工作的压力下跨掉了。 Firefighters had to bread the door down to save the people inside.消防员不得不打破门救里面的人 After many years, rocks

217、 break down into dirt.若干年后，岩石就风化为尘。12. There is not enough money for more than one teacher in a village; farming is the main occupation.村子里没有足够的钱，只能聘请一位老师；农业是主要的产品。occupation: n. C工作，职业，消遣 U 居住，占用，占领，控制 by occupation 职业上eg. Please state your name, address and occupation.请说出你的姓名，地址，和职业。 He regarded s

218、tamp-collection as a childish occupation.他把集邮当作一种幼稚的消遣。 In many of the caves theres evidence of human occupation.许多岩洞中都有人类居住的痕迹。 The man is a physician by occupation. 那人的职业是内科医生。occupy: vt 占用，占据，忙着be occupied with/ in = occupy oneself with/ in 从事于正忙着eg. I have been occupied in reading history books.

219、我一直专心读历史书。13. Many of the people have fled to the mountains to escape the floods.许多人都逃到山上以逃避水灾。flee: vt. 逃离某地，逃避某事 flee- fled- fled vi. 逃走，逃散eg. He was caught tying to flee the country.他在企图逃离这个国家时被抓住。 He fled to London after an quarrel with his wife.他在和妻子大吵一架后跑到了伦敦。 This smile fled from her face.微笑从

220、她脸上消失了。【拓展】：辨析 flee/ escape/ run awayflee强调逃的行为是否逃脱并未说明。escape强调从危险或其他不好的情况中逃离。run away多用于口语，含不辞而别的意思。eg. He escaped (from) being hurt in the accident.他在那场事故中没有受伤。 The enemies fled everywhere.敌人四处逃窜。 He ran away from home at the age of thirteen.他十三岁时离家出走了。【单元语法讲解】【（The Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气】Subjunct

221、ive mood-expressing hypothetical and non-factual meanings.I wish I were a bird.He behaves as though he were the owner*Subjunctive mood in unreal conditional clausesCompare：If you dont hurry, you will miss the bus.If I were you, I would accept his offer.1. The form假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反v.-ed (

222、were)should ( would, could, might +v.)与过去事实相反had + v-edshould( would, could, might+ have +v-ed)与将来事实可能相反v-ed (should +v; were to +v.)should ( would, could, might +v.)If I knew the fact now, I would tell you. If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.If I had not studied hard, I would h

223、ave failed in the exam.2 Omission of “if”（formal style)A. were 提到从句主语的前面Were I you, I would take an umbrella with me.Were I to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. B. should / had提到从句主语的前面Should I have time, I would call her.Had I had the money last year, I would have bought the house.3. Im

224、plied condition1) but for, without, under, with etc. But for electricity, there would be no modern industry.Without your help, we could not have succeeded.Under such circumstances I would probably have done the same.2) otherwise, but, or I ran all the way to school, otherwise I would have been late.

225、He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have helped you.3) but that (要不是)But that he was short of money at the time, he would have come to help us.4) ing phrases and to-infinitive You would have laughed to see him jump aside.This same thing, happening in wartime, would amount to disaster.5）If it w

226、ere (had been) not for 要不是If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.If it had not been for your advice, I would not have accepted the job.Be-Subjunctive Mood: demand, suggestion, and command, etc.1. 用在宾语从句中：be-/ should do He insisted that Kate (should) do the job.We suggest

227、ed that the meeting (should) not be postponed.Verbs：ask、advise、determine、decide、command、insist、propose、move、prefer、urge、order、recommend、request、require、demand、suggest、desire、intendExe：She asked that she _ allowed to see her son in police custody.A. would be B. could be C. be D. was 2. 用在主语从句中It is n

228、ecessary that you (should) be present at the discussion.It is essential that you (should) win the voters hearts. Adjs：essential、necessary、important、advisable、appropriate、desirable、fitting、imperative （紧急的）、impossible、necessary、proper、urgent、insistent、strange ed- participle：desired、demanded、ordered、re

229、quested、suggested、recommended、required，etc.Exe：It is imperative that students hand in their terms papers on time. 3. 用在同位语从句或表语从句中The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.Their demand is that their wages be increased by 20%.Nouns：advice、command、demand、desire、order、decision、decree（法令、判决） instru

230、ction、requirement、resolution（决定）、suggestion、recommendation、necessity、request、proposal，etc.He left orders that nothing be touched until the police arrived here. 这一用法中，be-型虚拟式可与“should+不定式”交替使用，也可与“to-不定式”交替使用。He ordered that the books be sent at once.=He ordered that the books should be sent at once.

231、=He ordered that the books to be sent at once.Were-Subjunctive Moodwere-型虚拟语气常用于wish, would rather, suppose, imagine之后的分句中，表示一种臆想的（通常不可能发生的）情况。 I wish it were spring all the year round. Id rather I were not at the site of the accident. Just imagine everyone were to give up smoking.上述were-型虚拟式在第一、第三人

232、称单数主语之后可为was所取代。 If it was to rain, the game would be put off. If only I was not so nervous.但在if I were you这一分句中，通常用were，而不用was。另外倒装句中也只能用were。 If I were you, I should wait till next week. Were I to do it (=If I were to do it), I should rely on you.在as it were（作so to speak解，即“宛如”、“好比”之意）结构中，也只用were，

233、不用was。 He is my best friend, my second self, as it were.用动词的过去式表示假设意义1、Subjunctive mood: It is (high/about) time thatIt is time we had dinner.Youve been working hard. Its time you took a rest.It is high time we left this place.2、I would rather/ sooner (that) you / he / they Im told they are going by

234、 bus, but I would rather they went by train. He didnt attend the meeting. I would rather he had been present.3、If only If only the weather were finer!If only you hadnt offended him!4、as if /thoughShe always talks to me as if she were my sister.He walks slowly as if he had hurt his leg.She looks as i

235、f she would cry.在某些语境中，如果不表示假设意义，就不必用过去式。 It looks as if it is going to rain. The fish smells as if it has gone bad.5、Subjunctive mood in wish-clauses1）wish (that) +s + v-ed (were)I wish I were as young as you.2）wish (that) +s + had done I wish that I had not met him yesterday.3）wish that +s + would

236、/ could/might doIsnt it your wish that you could buy a car like that? I wish和I hope都表示“希望”。但I hope并不表示假设意义，随后的动词形式除表示婉转口气外很少用过去形式。 I hope youre coming to our party. We hope you will be very happy.【语法专项练习】1. Everything _ if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade.A. will be destroyed B. will have been d

237、estroyed B. would be destroyed D. would have been destroyed2. If you hadnt gone with Tom to the party last night, _.A. you would meet John already B. you wont have missed JohnC. you will have met John D. you would have met John3. Supposing this ship _, do you think there would be enough life jackets

238、 for all the passengers?A. was sinking B. has sunk C. were to sink D. sunk4. The insects would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if _ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.A. it is not B. it were not C. were it not D. they were not5. The teacher suggested that each s

239、tudent _ a plan for the vacation.A. made B. make C. makes D. will make6. Frankly, Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being.A. do B. dont do C. didnt do D. will not do7. After the way she treated you, if I _ in your place.A. be B. am C. was D. were8. The idea is that the nation _ an unman

240、ned spacecraft to explore the planet first.A. sent B. sends C. send D. must send9. Its high time you _.A. start to work B. would start to work C. started to work D. had started to work10. “If I hadnt practiced when I was younger,” the musician says, “I _ able to play so well now.”A. wouldnt be B. wo

241、nt be C. wouldnt have been D. couldnt have been11. It is imperative that you _ there in person.A. are B. were C. be D. will be12. The atomic structure is, _, a miniature solar system.A. as it were B. as if they were C. as it were D. as if are13. We required that the machine parts _ cast iron.A. is m

242、ade of B. be made from C. be made of D. is made by14. The management urged that the cost of production _.A. to be further reduced B. was further reduced B. be further reduced D. should further reduced15. The business is risky. But _ we would be rich.A. should we succeed B. we should succeed C. might

243、 we succeed D. would we succeed16. I wish our teacher _ to give another test. I havent got prepared yet.A. isnt going B. werent going C. will not going D. could have gone17. I wish I _ to the movies with you last night.A. went B. did go C. could go D. could have gone18. Id just as soon _ rudely to h

244、er.A. that you wont speak B. your not speaking C. you not speak D. you didnt speak19. If I _ in the twenty-first century, I _ my vacation in a very different way.A. should livewould spend B. will live .should spendC. are living should have spent D. will be livingwould have spent20. It is required th

245、at the machine _ as frequently as necessary.A. be oiled B. must be oiled C. is oiled D. will oil21. His English teacher recommends that he _ a regular degree program.A. begins B. begin C. will begin D. is beginning22. We prefer that the plan _ before being put into execution.A. is fully discussed B.

246、 must be fully discussed C. be fully discussed D. will be fully discussed23. What do you think of his proposal that improvements _ in the old type of vacuum cleaner?A. be made B. will be made C. would be made D. will have to be made24. The doctors advice is that the patient _ about his real physical

247、 condition.A. be not told B. not be told C. will not be told D. must not be told25. _, we could not have finished the work on time.A. If they do not help us B. Was it not for their helpC. Should they offer to help us D. But for their help26. If we had been more careful, we _ much better results now.

248、A. got B. had got C. would be getting D. would have got27. Henry _ a rich man today if he had been more frugal in the past.A. would be B. is C. will be D. was28. They thought it desirable that an armed guard _ in readiness.A. stands B. stand C. stood D. would stand29. All science students, _, should

249、 have a good foundation in basic sciences.A. whether they are future physicists and chemistsB. they are future physicists of chemistsC. they should be future physicists of chemistsD. be they future physicists or chemists30. Sally cant have written tome, or _ the letter by now.A. Ill get B. Ill have

250、got C. Id have got D. Id get31. I should very much like to have gone to the party but I _.A. am not invited B. was not invited C. shall not be invited D. am not being invited32. There is a general understanding among the members of the Board of Directors that chief attention _ to the undertaking tha

251、t is expected to bring in highest profit. A. is given B. gives C. should be given D. must be given33. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material _ to its burning temperature.A. be heated B. is heated C. would be heated D. to heat34. “Did you go to see the football match yesterday?”“No.

252、I didnt feel well, but I would have gone if I _.”A. did B. have C. would D. had35. If we had known that she had planned to arrive today, we _ her at the bus station.A. may have met B. might meet C. may meet D. might have met36. Were safer in a train than we would be if we _ any other way.A. traveled

253、 B. had traveled C. travel D. have traveled37. He told me how he had given me shelter and protection without which I _ of hunger and cold.A. would be died B. would have died C. would die D. will have died38. _ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Was he leaving B. If he is leaving C. Were he to le

254、ave D. If he leaves39. Had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight _.A. could be not solved B. could not be solvedC. could not have been solved D. could not have solved40. He is a poorly learnt man. But he acts as though he _.A. is B. were C. should be D. seems like41.

255、The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it _ on the way.A. goes wrong B. go wrong C. went wrong D. would go wrong42. _ the fog, we should have reached our destination.A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for43. The old man went to office on foot, but he _ by bus.A. might have g

256、one B. ought have gone C. could have gone D. should be gone44. He is working hard for fear that he _ to pass the exam.A. fails B. may fail C. should fail D. would fail45. She put on her glasses in order that she _.A. can see B. saw C. had seen D. might see46. Whatever _ well go ahead.A. had happened

257、 B. will happen C. might happen D. may be happened47. If I _ out of ink, I might have finished writing the paper.A. hadnt run B. shouldnt run C. didnt run D. havent run48. But for your advice, I _ into trouble.A. would get B. got C. might have got D. should get49. _ for the traffic jam, I should hav

258、e covered fifty miles.A. Had it been B. Had it not been C. It had not been D. It not had been50. Were it not for the adoption of the open policy, things _ they are today.A. would never be B. could have been C. would never have been D. didnt have【知能提升训练】. 单词拼写1. In those days, dental equipment was p

259、and a visit to the dentist was a painful experience. 2. Her plight (苦难) has t the hearts of people around the world.3. All the necessary steps had been taken to (确保)their safety.4. A university professor who used his modest (方法) to collect over 300 valuable artworks has donated them to the National

260、Gallery. 5. The two groups agreed to (合作) with each other. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空refer to/in chaos/think back to/make a difference/on behalf of1. I am writing _ my mother to express her thanks for your gifts.2. Although she didnt mention any names, everyone knew who she _ .3. I arrived home unexpectedly an

261、d found the house _. 4. Each time he _ the day he parted with his girlfriend, he would cry.5. One small mistake wouldnt _ to the whole composition. 翻译句子1. 提醒我明天带药。(remind)_2. 要是他昨天来了该多好！(if only)_3. 对我们来说，一年或两年有很大的差别。(make a difference)_4. 让我惊讶的是，在报告中，他丝毫未提负面的调查结果。(reference)_5. 没有航班了，我只好坐火车一路从上海到兰州

262、。 (be forced to)_. 单项填空请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1. Shall I give you a ride since you live so far away?Thank you. _ .A. It couldnt be betterB. Of course you can C. If you likeD. If you are convenient2. This event not only promoted _of world hunger, but also raised lots of money to help sta

263、rving children. A. informationB. knowledgeC. instructionD. awareness 3. A small cut in skin can _ without being treated.A. cureB. healC. coverD. repair4. The lock in my bag _ me of not locking my closet.A. recalledB. rememberedC. remindedD. told5. _I were rich, I would go travelling around the world

264、.A. If onlyB. Even ifC. What ifD. Only if6. Changes are being introduced to make the department _ .A. operating quicklyB. going quickly C. operate more efficientlyD. go more efficiently7. _the help from his relatives, he does a part-time job to support his study at college. A. Regardless ofB. Instea

265、d ofC. But forD. Apart from 8. It is _ that she helped others with their lessons after school.A. worth to be praisedB. worthy of being praised C. worth praisedD. worthy to praise9. His health _ under the pressure of work and he had to stay in hospital for a month.A. broke upB. broke away C. broke outD. broke down10. Now that you like the house with a garden, why not buy it?Well, I cant afford _ house at present. A. that expensive aB. a such expensive C. that an expensiveD. a so expensive