1、考情分析短文改错是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性测试题型，具有“高起点、低落点”的特点，旨在考查考生发现并纠正语篇错误的能力。体裁多采用记叙文，有时也采用应用文和说明文，篇幅通常在110个词左右；语言材料通常取自学生的作文或者类似作品；话题常涉及学生的日常生活，文章的难易程度符合学生的实际水平。错误的类型包括词法、句法和行文逻辑等，同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。错误的形式分别为错词、缺词和多词。从词法的角度看，错误主要涉及冠词、介词、名词的数和格、动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、代词、形容词和副词的比较级等。从句法的角度看，错误主要涉及主谓一致、连词的用法以及句子成分是否赘余等。从
2、逻辑关系的角度看，主要涉及上下文的一致性问题，如代词指代一致、时态一致。考点分析授之以渔解题技巧1改前通读全文，了解大意，整体把握全文的时态、人称、行文逻辑等。这一步至关重要，切忌拿来就改。2读完后分句细读，以句子为单位找错，尤其注意语法和词汇方面的错误。只有站在完整句子的角度才能发现其中的错误。3改后将答案放回原文并重读全文，目的主要是检查答案是否符合逻辑或英语表达习惯。一 冠词主要考查冠词表示特指、泛指的用法；定冠词和不定冠词的混用；不定冠词a 和an的混用；零冠词和非零冠词的混用以及冠词的缺失与多余。1My uncle says that he never dreams of becom
3、ing rich in the short period of time.(2016全国)分析：in a short period of time是固定搭配，意为“在短时间内”，故应将the改为a。2But in that case，we will learn little about world.(2016全国)分析：此处特指我们所生活的这个世界，因此world之前应加定冠词the。3I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.(2016四川)分析：句中的kitchen前应该加the来表示特指“我们家的厨房”
4、。4I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.(2015浙江)分析：in a hurry是常见的固定搭配，意为“匆忙”，因此在hurry前加a。二 名词主要考查可数名词与不可数名词的辨析、可数名词单复数以及固定词组中的名词误用等。1If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.(2016全国)分析：knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式，因此应把knowl
5、edges改为knowledge。2When I was a very young children，my father created a regular practice I remember well years later.(2016浙江)分析：根据句中的I was a可知，其后应该用单数，而children是复数，所以应把children改为child。3One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.he turned around and found that hi
6、s parents were missing.(2015全国)分析：根据下文出现的his parents可知，此处指的应该是Tony的父母双亲，所以parent要改为parents。4The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.(2015全国)分析：air作“空气”讲时，是不可数名词，所以airs应改为air。三 动词主要考查动词的时态、语态等。1It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even had to wait outside.My unc
7、le tells me that the key to his success is honesty.(2016全国)分析：根据上下文可知，文章的时态是一般现在时，所以应把had改为have。2However，my parents didnt seem to think so.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.At one time，I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be free from them.(2016全国)分析：根据上下文可知，
8、应用一般过去时，所以应把tell改为told。3When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.(2015全国)分析：根据前文可知，这是发生在小时候的事情，应用一般过去时，所以think应改为thought。4As I tell you last time，I made three new friends here.(2015四川)分析：根据时间状语last time可知，应用一般过去时，所以把tell改为told。四 形容词和副词主要考查形容词和副词的词性辨析、词义辨析、比较级和最高级
9、、动词ing形式、动词ed形式和形容词辨析等。1They were also the best and worse years in my life.(2016全国)分析：与前面的best并列，此处应用最高级。2Mom was grateful and moving.(2016四川)分析：moving是修饰物的形容词，表示事物具有的性质，本句中应用ed形容词来修饰Mom，与grateful并列，所以应把moving改为moved。3Dad and I were terrible worried.(2015全国)分析：worried为形容词，应用副词来修饰，所以terrible应改为terrib
10、ly。4Much rare animals are dying out.(2015全国)分析：animals为可数名词复数，应用many来修饰，所以much应改为many。五 代词主要考查各类代词的用法、代词指代的人或事物前后不一致、it一词的不当使用以及其误加与漏用。1My uncle is the owner of a restaurant.Instead，he hopes that our business will grow steadily.(2016全国)分析：根据上文可知，句意为：他希望他的生意能稳定发展。所以应把our改为his，指我叔叔的生意。2If we go on a t
11、rip abroad，we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.(2016全国)分析：根据条件状语从句及主句的主语we可知，your应改为our，与主语呼应。3Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.(2015全国)分析：此处的parents特指Tony的父母，所以前面应该加his。4Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.(2015浙江)分析：此处应用代词i
12、t来指代前面的a beautiful park，是单数意义，所以应把them改为it。六 介词主要考查介词的意义和用法、介词短语中介词的使用错误、介词与动词的搭配错误、介词与形容词的搭配错误、介词与名词的搭配错误、介词的缺失与多余等。1Now I am leaving home to college.(2016全国)分析：leave.for.是固定搭配，表示“离开去”，所以应把to改为for。2My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.(2016全国)分析：dream of doing
13、sth.是固定短语，意为“梦想做某事”，因此应在dreams后加上介词of。3Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.(2015全国)分析：表达“随着的发展”应用固定短语with the development of.，所以on应改为with。4My soccer coach retired in last week.(2015陕西)分析：last，next等后加名词表示时间时，last，next前面无需加介词，所以去掉介词in。七 连词主要从逻辑关系角度考查
14、连词的误用，或从成分缺失的角度考查连词的漏用。1Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.(2016全国)分析：通过分析句子成分可知，在宾语从句中，fresh vegetables与high quality oil是并列主语，应用and来连接，所以把or改为and。2Though not very big，but the restaurant is popular in our area.(2016全国)分析：从属连词though不可与并列连词but连用，因此应该
15、去掉but。3Mom has a fulltime job，so she has to do most of the housework.(2016四川)分析：根据句意“妈妈有份全职的工作，但是她还要做大部分的家务。”可知，前后句之间构成了转折关系而不是因果关系，需要把so改为but。4There the air is clean or the mountains are green.(2015全国)分析：空气清新，群山葱绿，这两个分句之间是并列关系，而不是选择关系，所以应把or改为and。八 从句的引导词主要考查定语从句中关系词的错用或缺失、状语从句引导词的错用、名词性从句引导词的错用、多余
16、或缺失。1My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.(2016全国)分析：在宾语从句中，缺少的成分是宾语，而how作状语，所以应把how改为what。2My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.(2016全国)分析：在宾语从句中，live是不及物动词，不能跟宾语，而应该跟状语，结合句意“我叔叔是我家附近一家餐馆的店主。”可知应把that改为where。3.he turned around and found where his
17、parents were missing.(2015全国)分析：本句的意思应该是“他转过身，发现他的父母不见了”。found之后的从句his parents were missing结构完整，句意完整，因此应该用that来引导从句或者省略that，而不是用表示地点的where。4If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom，I will never forget it.(2015浙江)分析：根据主从句之间的关系可知，两者应该构成转折让步关系，所以If应改为Though/Although。九 主谓一致主要考查主语和谓语在人称和数上的
18、一致性、定语从句或强调句型中的主谓一致、非谓语动词短语或主语从句作主语时的主谓一致等。1He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.(2016浙江)分析：we 是复数，谓语动词应该用复数，所以应把was改为were。2My dream school look like a big garden.(2014全国)分析：句子的主语My dream school 是单数形式，其后的谓语动词也应采用单数形式，所以look应改为looks。十 非谓语动词主要考查动词不定式、动词ing形式以及过去分词的用法、谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用、并列结构中非
19、谓语动词的误用等。1We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.(2016全国)分析：and前后应是并列成分，根据and前的staying可知，应把take改为taking。2He would ask who we were and pretend not to knowing us.(2016浙江)分析：不定式符号to之后应该跟动词原形，所以应把knowing改为know。3After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found that his paren
20、ts were missing.(2015全国)分析：after为介词，其后的动词应用ing形式，所以looks应改为looking。4I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.(2015浙江)分析：动词enjoy后要接动名词作宾语。十一 固定搭配或习惯用法1At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.(2016全国)分析：at first是固定搭配，意为“起初，首先”，所以应把the去掉。2.and with the help by our father.(2014全国)分析：with the help of 是固定搭配，意为“在的帮助下”，所以by应改为of。
