1、UNIT 9HUMAN BIOLOGY.阅读理解A2022南昌市第三次模拟Lifesaving heart operationWhen Tal Golesworthy was told he needed a lifesaving heart operation in 1993, he said no. Golesworthy has Marfan syndrome (马凡氏综合征).Back in 1993, when he was living in the west of England, his doctor told him that the aorta (主动脉) in his h
2、eart was so enlarged that it would unavoidably burst unless he underwent a major operation.“They talked through the options，” says Golesworthy, “But I was not interested. The operation really didnt look attractive.” What he particularly didnt like was having to be on blood thinners after the operati
3、on, something that would prevent blood clots (血栓) but presented its own risks: “I was riding motorbikes then, and skiing, so my whole lifestyle would have been affected.” By 2000, however, his condition had worsened. Realizing something had to be done, Golesworthy put his years of experience as a re
4、search and development engineer to good use. He decided he would fix himself. “Learning new stuff and developing new ideas, that was my job，” Golesworthy says.The aorta, he thought, needed support on the outside. And wrapping something around the outside of the aorta would require a special operatio
5、n. So Golesworthy subjected himself to 30 hours in an MRI scanner and used 3D printing to create a physical exact copy of the part of his heart. “Luckily, Id done a lot of work with technical materials，” he says.Strong determination coupled with an original yet practical solution won him the support
6、 of two leading surgeons and helped him raise the money to develop his idea. In May 2004, at the age of 47, he became the_guinea_pig for his own invention. The operation was a success.1Why did Tal Golesworthy refuse the operation at first?A.A better solution was on the way.BHe was afraid of life bei
7、ng affected.CThe risk of the operation tended to cause death.DHe would like to be operated on in his own way.2What helped Golesworthy to fix himself?AHis creative spirit.BRegular exercise.CDoctors suggestions.DHis similar experience.3What do the underlined words in the last paragraph “the guinea pig
8、” refer to?AThe lovely pet.BThe important assistant.CThe experimental subject.DThe person to raise money.4Which words can best describe Tal Golesworthy?ACreative and kind.BStrong and imaginative.CDevoted and generous.DDetermined and brave.B2022东北三校一模What does an outdoor cat do all day? A study of mo
9、re than 900 house cats shows when they kill small birds and mammals, their influence is concentrated in a small area, having a bigger effect than wild predators (捕食性动物) do. Roland Kays, a scientist at North Carolina State University and his colleagues collected GPS data from cats in six countries. “
10、These cats are moving around their own backyard and a couple of their neighbors backyards, but most of them are not ranging very much further，” Kays said. “So initially I thought, Oh, this is good news. Theyre not going out into the nature preserves.”Then Kays took how much wildlife cats kill in tha
11、t small area into consideration. Some cats in the study were bringing home up to 11 dead birds a month, which doesnt include what they ate or didnt bring home.“It actually ends up being a really high rate of predation，” Kays said. He calculates that cats can have 4to10 times the influence of a wild
12、predator. Native predators, like jungle cats, also kill a lot of small animals, but their influence is spread out over a larger area. One study indicates that house cats kill billions of birds every year.“The simplest thing to do is to keep your cat indoors，” Kays said.For those who refuse to keep t
13、heir cats inside, there are potential options. St. Lawrence Universitys associate professor Susan Willson looked for one. She found a special brightly colored collar online.“The whole idea is that the bird will be able to visually see the cat creeping (爬行) up on it before the cat attacks it，” she sa
14、id. Willson tested the collar on both her cat and dozens of others. It greatly reduced the number of birds the cats brought home.“Im not saying these collars can make a significant difference in the massive bird death that were seeing，” she said. “But what matters is that each individual bird that s
15、omebody finds in his backyard is not dead.”5Why does Kays say “this is good news”？AHouse cats can be tracked by GPS.BHouse cats wont kill birds in large numbers.C.House cats are protected from wild predators.D.House cats feel comfortable in their own backyard.6How do wild predators differ from house
16、 cats in terms of killing animals?AThey prefer to attack larger animals.BThey kill 410 times the number of house cats.CTheir victims are distributed in a bigger range.DThey kill less than house cats on a monthly basis.7What can we infer from the passage?ABirds cant sense the danger when cats attack
17、them.B.Willson considers keeping her cat inside a good idea.CThe only way to protect birds is to keep them indoors.DThe colored collar can be a sign of potential danger to birds.8Which word can best describe Willsons attitude to using collars to save birds?AConcerned. BPositive.CDoubtful. DUnclear.完
18、形填空2022潍坊市高三联考 A 22yearold aircraft maintenance engineer living in Dubai, Zachariah was visiting the southwest India state of Kerala for a family wedding when a lockdown was declared. Store shelves were emptying, and hence Zachariah and his father _1_ vegetables on their familys plot of land. Using
19、online videos and techniques Zachariahs grandfather had _2_ to his father _3_ a guide, they began a garden that finally helped _4_ 20 neighboring households during the pandemic (流行病). The tropical(热带的) climate of Kerala, he said, _5_ plenty of rain and sun, making farming off hands _6_ its time to h
20、arvest. That free style of farming is in line with Zachariahs growing _7_ in sustainable agriculture, a movement that promotes working with nature instead of forcing the land to obey mans _8_. What he didnt realize was that a _9_ had been planted, one that would eventually lead him to _10_ his caree
21、r in engineering and consider one in farming. Soon after returning to Dubai, hes decided to _11_ careers, from serving the skies to _12_ the soil. “Its a big change for me. But this is what makes me _13_ helping others and being in nature.” The time theyve spent together has also helped bring Zachar
22、iah and his father _14_.“We started bonding and I think thats why I _15_ gardening，” Zachariah said.1A.planted BgatheredCconsumed Ddelivered2A.taken over Bpassed downChanded in Dworked out3A.under Bwith Cas Dwithout4A.stimulate BmotivateCclean Dfeed5A.stores Bprovides Cshifts Drequires6A.for BwhileC
23、until Dthough7A.interest BinfluenceCpatience Ddoubt8A.passion BhabitCcareer Dwill9A.vegetable Btree Cseed Dflower10A.rethink BrestoreCbroaden Dtreasure11A.improve BchooseCdistinguish Dswitch12A.working BlooseningCresearching Dwatering13A.healthy Bwealthy Chappy Dconfident14A.richer Bcloser Cbusier D
24、stronger15A.figured out Bput offCran across Dwent into.语法填空2022惠州市高三第一次调研考试试题Thousands of years ago, the West Lake in Hangzhou was connected to the sea. The Qiantang River, not far away from the West Lake, 1._ (enter) the sea in the eastern part of this area. The solid material such as sand, stones
25、and mud carried by the river 2._ (eventual) settled at the bottom and blocked the connection between the West Lake and the sea, 3._ (make) it an inland water.Since the ninth century AD, the breathtaking scenery of the West Lake in all seasons 4._ (appear) time and again in poems, stories and legends
26、. 5._ impresses people most is that there are about 630 legends of the West Lake alone. Su Dongpo wrote a poem to praise the West Lake 6._ compared it to Xizi, a Chinese legendary 7._ (beautiful). From then on, the West Lake got another elegant name Xizi Lake.In 2011, West Lake Cultural Landscape of
27、 Hangzhou was included 8._ the World Heritage List. It is now visited by an endless stream of 9._ (visitor) from home and abroad. Perhaps some of them will add 10._ (they) own stories to the West Lakes wealth of literature.课时作业(十八).阅读理解A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我做人与做事工程师研发产品自救【语篇解读】工程师Tal Golesworthy患有马凡氏综合征
28、，需要进行心脏手术。他有效地利用自己多年的研发工程师经验，用3D打印机打印出了他部分心脏的真实复制品，对症制造了主动脉外部支撑，并得到了医生的支持。最终手术取得了成功。1答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的内容可知，手术后必须使用血液稀释剂以防止血凝块，但这种药物存在着风险，他担心会影响他的整个生活方式，所以起初他拒绝了手术。故B项正确。2答案与解析：A考查推断的能力。根据第三段尾句中的“Learning new stuff and developing new ideas，that was my job”可知，他认为，学习新东西和想出新创意就是他的工作。根据第四段第一、二句“
29、The aorta, he thought.would require a special operation”可知，他认为，主动脉需要外部支撑，在主动脉外面裹上东西需要特殊手术。又结合下文中的“original”和“his own invention”以及介绍的手术的成功可以判断，是他的创新精神治好了他。3答案与解析：C考查理解词汇的能力。根据画线词上句可知，他坚定的决心加上新颖而实用的解决方案为他赢得了两位一流的外科医生的支持，并帮助他筹集了资金来发展他的想法。根据本文尾句可知，手术很成功。结合该句中的“for his own invention”可以判断，他自己成了此项发明的实验对象。故
30、画线词意为“实验对象”。故C项正确。干扰项分析A项意为“可爱的宠物”，B项意为“重要助手”，D项意为“筹集资金的人”，都与语境不符。4答案与解析：D考查推断的能力。根据尾段第一句中的“Strong determination coupled with an original yet practical solution.to develop his idea.”可知，他坚定的决心和新颖而实用的解决方案为他赢得了两位一流的外科医生的支持，故他是一位有决心的人。根据第三段倒数第二句“He decided he would fix himself.”可知，他决定自己想办法治疗心脏，据此可以判断，他是
31、一个勇敢的人。故D项正确。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然动物保护家猫对院子四周的野生动物的影响【语篇解读】研究发现，尽管家猫活动范围不广，但是它们会杀死小鸟和小型哺乳动物。Susan Willson认为色彩鲜艳的颈圈会让鸟类免于遭受家猫的袭击。5答案与解析：B考查理解句子的能力。根据上文中的“这些猫在自家后院和几个邻居的后院四周活动，但是，绝大多数家猫不会走得太远”和下文中的“它们不会外出去自然保护区”可知，此处讲到的“好消息”指的就是家猫活动范围小，不会伤害远处更多的鸟类。故B项正确。6答案与解析：C考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第四段中的“Native predators. but t
32、heir influence is spread out over a larger area.”可知，野生捕食性动物捕杀的猎物分布更为广泛。故C项正确。7答案与解析：D考查推断的能力。根据第六段的内容可知，鸟类看到戴着色彩鲜艳的颈圈的家猫会意识到危险，这样鸟类的死亡率就降低了。据此可以推断，对于鸟类而言，色彩鲜艳的颈圈可能是潜在的危险的标志。故D项正确。8答案与解析：B考查理解态度的能力。根据最后一段内容可知，Willson说虽然在降低非常严重的鸟类死亡率方面这些颈圈不一定会产生巨大的影响，但这个方法是有用的。故B项正确。.完形填空语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我个人故事职业选择【文章大意
33、】22岁的迪拜飞机维修工程师Zachariah在印度参加亲人的婚礼时，恰巧遇见了“封城”。商店里的货架很快被抢空了，于是他和他的父亲只能在自家种植蔬菜。他们开辟了一片园子并在流行病期间帮助供给了20户邻居。Zachariah没有意料到的是，这件事情最终使他重新思考了自己的职业方向。他在回到迪拜后，决定放弃原有的工作，从事农业劳动。同时，和其父亲一起劳动的时光也加深了父子的感情。1答案与解析：A考查语境推断。根据本句中的“vegetables”及“their familys plot of land”可知，Zachariah和他的父亲选择自己种植蔬菜。2答案与解析：B考查语境和常识推断。根据本句
34、中的grandfather及father可知，这些技术是Zachariah的祖父传授给其父亲的。A项意为“接收，接管”；C项意为“上交”；D项意为“计算，锻炼”。3答案与解析：C考查语境推断。通过网上视频和Zachariah的祖父传授给其父亲的技术作为指导，as此处意为“作为”。4答案与解析：D考查语境推断。他们开辟出一个园子，园子(里的作物)最终供给了20户邻居。feed意为“养，养活”。5答案与解析：B考查语境和常识推断。根据语境和常识可知，喀拉拉邦的热带气候可以提供充足的雨水和阳光，使得农业耕作比较轻松、自由，直到收获的季节。A项意为“贮存”；C项意为“转换”；D项意为“要求”。6答案与
35、解析：C考查语境推断。参照上题解析。7答案与解析：A考查语境推断。联系上下文可知，这种自由的农业耕作方式与他对可持续农业渐增的兴趣相一致，这种可持续农业提倡按自然的方式进行耕作而不是强迫大自然顺从人类的意愿。8答案与解析：D考查语境推断。参照上题解析。9答案与解析：C考查语境推断。Zachariah没有意识到的是，一粒最终使他重新考虑工程方面事业的种子已经种下。10答案与解析：A考查语境推断和同义复现。根据下文中的consider可知，他最终重新思考了自己的职业选择方向并且考虑选择从事农业，此处rethink与下文中的consider属于同义复现。11答案与解析：D考查语境推断。根据语境可知，
36、回到迪拜后，他决定改变自己的职业。12答案与解析：A考查语境推断。根据下文中的“Its a big change for me.”可知，Zachariah最终选择从事农业。13答案与解析：C考查语境推断。根据语境可知，Zachariah认为自己改变职业是一个重大的改变，但是他却非常开心，因为他愿意帮助别人，并且喜欢融入大自然。14答案与解析：B考查语境推断。根据下文中的“started bonding”可知，这段时光使得他和父亲的关系更加亲密，因此closer更符合语境。15答案与解析：D考查语境推断。根据语境可知，Zachariah最终选择了从事农业，go into“从事某职业”。.语法填空
37、语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会西湖西湖的历史情况介绍【语篇解读】西湖的美景具有悠久的历史，其中不乏名人用诗词赞美。2011年，西湖被正式列入世界遗产名录。1答案与解析：entered考查时态。根据前句中的“Thousands of years ago”及本段中的时态可知，此处应该使用一般过去时。2答案与解析：eventually考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰句中动词settled，应该使用副词形式。3答案与解析：making考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处为现在分词充当结果状语的用法。4答案与解析：has appeared考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“Sin
38、ce the ninth century AD”可判断，此处应使用现在完成时，且主语为第三人称单数。故填has appeared。5答案与解析：What考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。故填What。6答案与解析：and考查连词。分析句子结构可知，句中wrote和compared属于并列结构，且此处表顺承，因此使用and。7答案与解析：beauty考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应使用名词，且表示“美人”。故填beauty。8答案与解析：on考查介词。be included on the World Heritage List“被列入世界遗产名录”。9答案与解析：visitors考查名词。句中an endless stream of提示此处应该使用复数形式。10答案与解析：their考查代词。句中的some of them和own stories提示应该使用their，表示“他们的”。
