1、陕西凤翔县2016高考英语写作【二轮】选编(1)附参考范文书面表达。【高端点拨】每年高考后,我们一直在思索:英语高考中书面表达考什么、怎么考、如何写等系列高难表述问题。但是,通过与考生交流,我们发现他们的书面表达的思维能力并非不活跃,只是在他们的记忆库中存储的相应表达方式不足,或记忆有误,或根本是空白。拿到作文题目后,不愁没内容可写,只愁没词可用,或是写了不知是否正确,因此在表达过程中,要么被迫放弃,要么按照汉语的结构硬译,以致造成短文词不达意,错误地传递信息,分数也受到影响。针对考生在书面表达方面出现的问题,下面将谈谈高考书面表达的复习建议和答题技巧。一、复习建议(一)明确写作能力的培养和提
2、高是一个日积月累的过程。高考英语书面表达题是一项综合性的测试。要写好一篇短文,考生不仅要具备熟练的谴词、造句和谋篇能力,而且需要熟知不同的写作策略。如果从高三年级开始准备,则必须保证有科学、全面的训练计划和足量的写作实践,在这方面,笔者要求学生从认识句子成分,到谴词成句,到练习基本句式,再到语段语篇的这样一个过程。当然有些学生在这过程中也坚持写日记,然后笔者给他们都进行了详细批改。这样学生既听从了老师的安排和指导,也没有忽视自己的独立实践与总结。(二)注重平时的练笔。近几年考题的话题包括外国交换学生在华学习生活安排、少年健康问题、中学生业余生活、人们的生活变化、环境保护、中学生庆祝 2008年
3、奥运会申办、举办成功等。对于这些话题,每个考生都不会感到无话可说,只要平时认真进行一些写作实践,就不难具备应付这类话题所必要的写作能力。(三)明确写作方向。从近几年的情况来看,试题并没有特定的语篇或文体要求。虽然短文会用到记叙、说明或议论等表达方式,但这毕竟只是一个区区几十字的文段,远不足被称为记叙文、议论文、说明文或某种特定文体的文章。例如: 书面表达材料要求根据一首诗的内容,描述其中的一位老师,这是单纯的记叙文;或者根据提示,写毕业赠言,其中首先要求表述好友在你心中的印象,并用一两个事例加以描述,然后表达祝愿,这其实也是记叙文;或者依据要求,让学生描述一位伟人,并说明自己喜欢他或她的原因,
4、这还是记叙文。(四)注意平时的词汇积累。针对考生平时练习时出现的没词可用,写了不知是否正确等情况,建议考生们采用听、读、写相结合的办法,增加语言输入,扩大存储量。高三年级不可避免地要进行大量的听和读的练习,在做完听力和阅读理解后,可以停下来,用一点时间有意识地增加针对写作的语言输入,比如将听过或读过的表达方式回忆一下并记住,或者将有用的短语标出来,记在笔记本上,以备事后记忆之用。注意选取的资料应与考生自己的写作水平相近,还要提高记忆的准确性。二、解题技巧高考英语书面表达题解题应遵循五步骤的原则进行。2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲英语中对写作这样要求:“要求考生根据提示进行书面表达,
5、考生应能(1)准确使用语法和词汇。(2)使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。如何写好一篇作文分5个步骤(一)仔细审题,确定要点。在开始写作这前一定要认真阅读题目中的所有信息(中文提示、图示、注意事项等)把需要表达的全部信息要点列成提纲,列要点时,如果提示是图表,要认真审图,从图中找出要表达的信息要点,如事件发生的背景,人物的衣着、表情、动作、位置、年龄、外貌、图中的英汉文字等,如果有参考词汇,一定要用上。(二)根据要点,遣词造句。近年来高考书面表达的要求不断提高,高分文章要有较多的词汇,较高级的词汇用法。比如表达丰富可以用rich,但如果你用abundant这个词就属于较高级的词
6、汇。再比如“他强调小心驾驶的重要”这个句子 He emphasized the importance of careful driving.其中“强调”这个词如果你用 attach much importance to 效果更佳。(三)确定时态及人称,内容连贯,结构紧凑。高考书面表达评分标准明确规定,如人称错误要扣分,不同的文体一般都有基本时态。日记通常记叙发生过的事情,多用一般过去时。议论文多用一般现在时,通知等文体通常用一般将来时。每个句子写好之后,句与句之间要选择恰当的连接词。比如:(1)表示承接、递进用语,besides(并且)、whats more(并且),moreover(而且),
7、firstly, secondly, finally(最后),from now on (从此),afterwards I after that(后来),to make things worse/ whats worse(使事情更为糟糕的是),the worst thing of all(最糟糕的是)。(2)表示转折关系用语。But, however, otherwise, though, despite, in spite of.(尽管)on the other hand(另一方面),as(尽管),all the same(尽管如此)。(3)表示因果关系用语。because/because o
8、f.for(因为),owing to (由于),thanks to (由于),due to (由于),so that (结果)。(4)归纳总结用语。to summarize(总而言之),in short/in a word(简而言之),on the whole(从总体看),generally speaking(一般说来),in my view(我的观点),in conclusion(总之)。(四)句式丰富,避免重词。英语书面表达评分标准第五档(21-25分)要求,“应使用较复杂结构,这要求学生不仅会运用基本句型,也要有意识地使用复杂句型,这是文章的亮点。如何使用复杂结构,本人认为适当运用非谓语
9、结构(分词短语、动名词或不定式短语)、适当运用各种从句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句),这些都是有效的途径。比如:When he arrived in Beijing, he gave me an e-mail.(时间状语从句。一般)On arriving in Beijing, he gave me an e-mail. Having arrived in Beijing, he gave me an e-mail.(使用了介词+动名词和现在分词短语,分别作状语。高级) Hardly had he arrived in Beijing when he gave me an e-mail.(
10、改变时态,句子结构。高级)I wont believe what he says.(一般)No matter what he says, I wont believe it.(让步状从句,高级)。(五)认真答写,卷面整洁。高考书面表达评分标准中对书写有较高要求。尤其是高考英语作文网上进行阅卷以来,如果书写较差,会影响到扫描质量,因此,考生在答卷时,一定要认真、清楚规范地书写,以保卷面整洁和美观,为争取高分作文做好铺垫。三、修正小误1、审题不够仔细,遗漏要点2、语言基础知识薄弱,语法和拼写错误较多3 句子结构错误 双谓语现象句子结构混乱 4 动词使用错误 时态错误语态错误滥用be动词 5 汉语式
11、英语 6. 不规则动词及常用词拼写错误 7. 名词单复数错误 8、词义模糊,用词不够准确9、行文清晰,句子与句子间缺乏衔接. 10、逻辑错误,如:because与so或者although与but等同时出现在同一个句子里。假定你是李华。你的英国笔友Pauline写信告诉你她想在七月份到河南旅游,并请你帮助安排有关事宜。请你给她写一封邮件,告诉她以下内容:1已经联系好郑州的国际旅行社,安排好了一切;2旅行安排是:她将参加一个20人的旅游团队,时间为7月10日至22日,有一名说英语的导游陪同,有车接送;3如对就餐、旅馆、费用等有疑问,请来信;4请她提前告知航班信息,以便接机。注意:1.信的开头和结尾
12、已给出;2词数100左右(不含开头和结尾部分)。参考词汇:旅行社Travel Agency;旅馆住宿accommodation; 长途客车coachDear Pauline,Im very happy to receive your email and to know you are coming to visit_YoursLi Hua【参考范文】Dear Pauline,Im very happy to receive your email and to know you are coming to visit Henan, which is a beautiful place with
13、a long history.I have contacted the International Travel Agency in Zhengzhou, which has arranged everything for you as follows:You are to travel by coach together with a group of 20 people from July 10th to 22nd, and you will have a guide who speaks Standard English. If you have any questions on you
14、r accommodation, meals as well as how much you have to pay, you are welcome to write to me again. Whats more, remember to inform me of the information about your flight ahead of time so that I can meet you at the airport.Looking forward to meeting you soon.Yours,Li Hua 2015训练题:书面表达 阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇
15、150词左右的英语短文。What can you do when you are unhappy? If you want to let out your anger or pressure by breaking things, you just do. Now a school in Nanjing has built a “stress wall” to help students who feel unhappy due to heavy schoolwork or for other reasons.The leader of the school said the idea of
16、a stress wall started when footprints were found on some newly painted walls and some school windows were broken.“These things happen because some students feel lots of pressure from their studies or because they dont get along well with other students. When under stress, the body gets ready to eith
17、er run or fight and becomes very nervous. Hitting the wall can help relax the body and take away stress,” he said.“Tests and homework make me sad,” said a junior girl, “I cant wait to hit the wall. It will help me a lot with my problems.” However, another girl student who wouldnt give her name said,
18、” The wall wont help because it cant talk,” and she added,” I need to talk to someone when Im sad.”【写作内容】1. 以约30个词概括这段短文内容;2. 以约120个词就“Should the stress wall be built”主题发表你的看法,包括以下要点:(1) 学生的压力来源;(2) 是否该建此墙并说明理由;(3) 提供一些其他有效的减压方法。【写作要求】1. 可以参照阅读材料但不得直接引用原文的句子;2. 作文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称。【评分标准】概括准确,语言规范,内容合适
19、,篇章连贯。【参考范文】书面表达:The passage conveys to us that to help students with stress, a school built a “stress wall” for students to relax, towards which students hold different opinions.Nowadays, students are under great pressure, mainly coming from their school work as well as peer relationship.As far as
20、I am concerned, building a stress wall is not appropriate. For one thing, even if students punch the wall heavily, the true stress in the bottom of their hearts can not be let out. For another, this may lead to the results of solving a problem with violence of fixing a bad temper, which has bad effe
21、cts on their health growth.In order to decrease our stress, here are my suggestions. To begin with, we can design more outdoor activities for students to get rid of the stress. Whats more, it is strongly suggested that we can take part in some sports events, which can surely help students out of stress and improve their health at the same time. All in all, only when we let out the stress properly can we live a happy school life.