1、专题一构词法考点一派生法(一)形容词加ly变为副词的规律1一般情况加ly。如：realreally；carefulcarefully；politepolitely；quickquickly。2“辅音字母加y”结尾的，当y的发音为i时，变y为i，再加ly。如：angryangrily；busybusily；heavyheavily。当y的发音为i时，直接加ly。如：shyshyly；drydryly。3以辅音字母加le结尾的形容词变副词时，去掉e加y。如：probableprobably；gentlegently。但以元音字母加le结尾时加ly。如：solesolely。但wholewholly
2、例外。4以元音字母加e结尾的形容词变副词，去掉e加ly。如：truetruly。易错警示有的名词加ly形容词，如：friendfriendly；lovelovely；monthmonthly。(二)动词/名词变形容词的后缀及例词后缀例词ableacceptacceptable 可接受的comfortcomfortable 舒适的almusicmusical 音乐的originoriginal 最初的fulforgetforgetful 健忘的peacepeaceful 和平的iveeffecteffective 有效的；生效的attractattractive 有吸引力的sometiretir
3、esome 令人厌倦的troubletroublesome 麻烦的yhealthhealthy 健康的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的erneasteastern 东方的；向东的westwestern 西方的；向西的ishfoolfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish 自私的aryimagineimaginary 想象中的secondsecondary第二的；次要的(三)动词变名词的后缀及例词后缀例词anceenceperformperformance 表演；节目existexistence 存在；生存iontionitionationattractattraction
4、 吸引introduceintroduction 介绍competecompetition 比赛；竞争expectexpectation 期待；期望ionsiondiscussdiscussion 讨论；辩论decidedecision 决定inghearhearing 听力；听觉beginbeginning 开始mentachieveachievement 功绩；成就argueargument 辩论；论据treattreatment 对待；治疗urefailfailure 失败；没做到departdeparture 离开；出发presspressure 压力yrecoverrecovery
5、恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现(四)形容词变名词的后缀及例词后缀例词ageshortshortage 不足；短缺cyfluentfluency 流利；流畅accurateaccuracy 准确性domfreefreedom 自由；自在wisewisdom 明智；智慧nesskindkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意thgrowgrowth 成长；发展strongstrength 力气；强项ytyityabilityibilitydifficultdifficulty 困难cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴realreality
6、现实；真实disabledisability 无能；伤残responsibleresponsibility 责任(五)常表示人的后缀及例词后缀例词erteachteacher 老师villagevillager 村民strangestranger 陌生人arlieliar 说谎者begbeggar 乞丐eeemployemployee 受雇者；雇员interviewinterviewee 被面试者oractactor 男演员educateeducator 教育家；教师essactactress 女演员godgoddess 女神hosthostess 女主人；女主持人eseChinaChines
7、e 中国人JapanJapanese 日本人ianmusicmusician 音乐家historyhistorian 历史学家politicspolitician 政治家；政客istnovelnovelist 小说家specialspecialist 专家tourtourist 旅行者；观光者antserveservant 仆人participateparticipant 参加者assistassistant 助手；图书管理员(六)表示否定或相反意义的前缀、后缀及例词前/后缀例词前缀disagreedisagree 不同意advantagedisadvantage 缺点illegalilleg
8、al 不合法的logicalillogical 不合逻辑的impoliteimpolite 无礼的patientimpatient 不耐烦的informalinformal 非正式的convenientinconvenient 不方便的irregularirregular 不规则的responsibleirresponsible 不负责任的mis-leadmislead 误导understandmisunderstand 误解non-non smoker 不吸烟者non stop 直达的un-usualunusual 不寻常的willingunwilling 不愿意的后缀lesshopehop
9、eless 绝望的endendless 没完没了(七)构成动词的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀enableenable 使能够largeenlarge 扩大richenrich 使充实后缀enbroadbroaden (使)变宽riperipen (使)成熟sharpsharpen 使尖锐widewiden 加宽ifyclassclassify 把分类justjustify 证明正确simplesimplify 简化izeapologyapologize 道歉emphasisemphasize 强调考点二合成法和转化法(一)合成法合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方式(有的合成词写在一
10、起，有的中间需加连字符，有的是分开写的两个)。合成词的词义可以根据各个组成部分的意思加以推断。构成合成词的几个词可以是词性相同的词也可以是词性不同的词。高中阶段常见的合成形式有：合成名词notebook 笔记本；classroom 教室；blackboard 黑板；teamwork 协力；second language第二语言合成形容词lifelong 毕生的；secondhand 二手的；manmade 人工的；widespread 广泛的合成动词underline 画底线标出；whitewash 粉饰；broadcast 广播；download 下载(二)转化法不增加任何成分，不改变词形，
11、把一个单词由一种词性转化为另外一种词性的构词法叫转化法。高中阶段常见的转化形式有：名词动词button纽扣button扣上纽扣形容词动词correct正确的correct改正动词名词feed喂养feed一餐；一顿形容词名词native本地的native本地人副词动词up在上面up提高.单句语法填空1(2016全国甲卷语法填空)Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of achievement(achieve)2(2016全国甲卷语法填空)Recent studies show that we
12、are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly(regular)3(2016全国乙卷语法填空)But for tourists like me，pandas are its top attraction(attract)4(2016全国丙卷语法填空)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.，influenced the development (develop)
13、 of chopsticks.5(2017河北石家庄高三调研)Like university students，the US high school students have the freedom(free)to choose the courses that most interest them.6Her preparation course is helping her to get used to academic(academy) requirements of a Western university. 【导学号：60312246】7A fireman accidentally(
14、accidental)discovered the cause of the fire.8It cost approximately(approximate)$300I cant remember it exactly.9Beggars (beg)cant be choosers.10Other disabled people find the website beneficial (benefit)because they can read about people with similar difficulties to their own.单句改错1(2016全国乙卷短文改错)My un
15、cle tells me that the key to his success is honest. 【答案】honesthonesty2(2016全国乙卷短文改错)Instead he hopes that his business will grow steady. 【答案】steadysteadily3The man was so careful that he missed his train. 【答案】carefulcareless4Do you know the deep of the river? 【答案】deepdepth5“Whats that？”the father shouted angry. 【答案】angryangrily
