1、Period TwoLearning about Language动词不定式的用法()动词不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形”，有时to可以省略。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语和状语，在一起构成不定式短语。动词不定式(短语)具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，其句法作用如下：1作主语To build the Great Wall took them many years.建成万里长城花费了他们许多年时间。To play tricks on others is wrong.捉弄别人是不对的。作主语用的动词不定式(短语)常常用it替代，是先行主语或形式
2、主语，真正的主语动词不定式(短语)放在后面。上面两句可改写为：It took many years to build the Great Wall.It is wrong to play tricks on others.2作宾语在begin，continue，hope，decide，want，wish，try，learn，afford，agree，determine，expect，fail，manage，offer，refuse等动词后通常用不定式作宾语。Doctors tried to save his life.医生们试图挽救他的生命。某些及物动词后不能接动词不定式作宾语，只能用动词的i
3、ng形式作宾语，这样的动词有avoid，advise，admit，consider，escape，enjoy，finish，mind，miss，risk，suggest，practise，excuse，imagine，keep等，词组cant help，put off，give up，look forward to等。Have you finished writing the English novel?你写完那本英文小说了吗？The old man enjoys listening to music.老人喜欢听音乐。某些动词既可用动词不定式作宾语，又可用动词的ing形式作宾语，意义区别不大。
4、It started to rain/raining.天开始下雨了。有的及物动词，如like，love，prefer，dislike，hate等后接动词不定式作宾语指一次的、一时的具体动作，接动词ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作和情况。例如：Though his income is small，he loves buying/to buy books.尽管他收入少，却爱买书。Id like to have something to drink.我想喝点东西。(would/should like后只能接动词不定式作宾语，因为想做的是一次的、一时的具体动作)He preferred staying
5、in the house when it rained.天下雨时他宁愿呆在屋里。(指经常情况，所以用动词ing 形式作宾语)I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.我宁可今天下午呆在家里。(指具体的、一时的情况，所以宾语用动词不定式)有几个动词如forget，remember，regret等后面用动词不定式和动词ing形式作宾语，意义不同。Remember to lock the door when you leave the room.离开房间时记住锁门。(记住去做某件尚未做的事)I remember seeing him somewhere.我记得曾
6、在哪儿见过他。(记得自己曾做过某事)3作宾语补足语有些动词如ask，tell，order，cause，allow，want，like，advise，force，permit，prohibit，get等用名词或代词作宾语，后面可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语。Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西请他把收音机音量开小一点。Its no use ordering me to rest when the wounded are waiting.在伤员们等着我的时候，命令我休息是没有用的。You must get your friends to help you.
7、你应让你的朋友帮助你。有些动词如make，let，have，see，hear，watch，observe，notice，feel等需要不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。The sun makes everything grow.太阳使万物生长。He will have someone open the door for you.他会找人替你开门的。Would you please help me (to) look after Lily?请你帮助我照顾一下莉莉好吗？(help后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语可带to也可不带to。)上述各句若变为被动语态，宾语变为主语，宾语补足语则变为主语补足语。动
8、词不定式作主语补足语时，一定要带动词不定式符号to。He was asked to turn down the radio.他被要求将收音机音量开小。They were made to work day and night.他们被迫日夜工作。The boy was seen to enter the room.有人看见小男孩走进房间。并非所有及物动词都可以后接名词、代词作宾语再加动词不定式作宾语补足语。I hope you will succeed.我希望你成功。(不可说：I hope you to succeed.)I suggested/suggest that he leave at o
9、nce.我建议他马上离开。(不可说：I suggested him to leave at once.)有些动词如think，consider，believe，know，find，expect等用“to be形容词或名词”作宾语补足语，to be有时可省略。We consider you (to be) the best man for the job.我们认为你是最适合做这项工作的人。He thought the answer (to be) interesting.他认为回答有趣。They found her (to be) an able woman.他们发现她是个能干的女人。4作表语动
10、词不定式作表语，和连系动词一起构成谓语，表示主语的内容。To Dr.Bethune，the most important thing is to save lives.对白求恩大夫来说，最重要的事是挽救生命。The boys wish is to become a scientist.男孩的愿望是成为一名科学家。当不定式短语作表语用来解释前面从句中含有do/does/did的精确含义时，to常省略。What we need to do is reduce our use of energy and use natural forms of energy.我们所要做的事是减少能源消耗和利用各种天
11、然能源。The only thing (that) you have to do is (to) press the button.你所要做的惟一一件事就是按一下按钮。5作定语动词不定式作定语通常放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面。Let us give him something to eat.让我们给他一些东西吃。We have much homework to do tonight.今晚我们有许多家庭作业要做。He has no way to protect crops.他没有保护庄稼的方法。动词不定式作定语所表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；而动词ing形式作定语表示的动作通常和
12、谓语动词同时发生。Do you know the doctor to be sent for from Shanghai?你认识那位将从上海请来的医生吗？6作状语(1)表示目的，作目的状语，通常放在句末；为了强调目的或意义，也可放在句首。They took me away from my work just to ask me some questions.他们让我减慢工作只是为了问几个问题。在动词不定式前可加in order或so as加强目的或意义，前者可用于句首、句中、句末，后者只能用于句末。Check your composition carefully so as not to ma
13、ke mistakes.仔细检查你的作文避免错误。In order to catch the thief，the policeman ran as quickly as he could.为了抓住小偷，警察尽可能快跑。(2)表示结果，作结果状语，有时用enough to，so.as to或too.to.这类结构。What has he done to make you so happy?他做了什么使你如此高兴？His wife was so greedy as to ask for things again and again.他妻子太贪心，一再地索取东西。(3)表示原因，作原因状语，常用“主
14、语be某些形容词动词不定式”结构。Nice to meet you，too.我见到你也很高兴。There is no doubt that Mrs.Li will be glad to look after the little boy.毫无疑问，李太太将很高兴照料这个小男孩。.单项填空1He told us whether _ a picnic was still under discussion.Ato have Bhaving Chave Dhad答案A解析whether可与不定式搭配，意为“是否去做某事”。句意为：他告诉我们是否去野餐还在讨论中。2All of them try to
15、use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way.Apresenting Bpresented Cbeing presented Dto present答案D解析此处用不定式短语作目的状语。句意为：他们所有人都想借助工作区的力量用一种更有效的方式来呈现信息。3If theres a lot of work _，Im happy to just keep on until it is finished.Ato do Bto be doing Cdone Ddoing答案A解析由句式结构可知，空格处应作为定
16、语修饰work，且表示将来的时间，故须用动词不定式。现在分词强调动作正在进行，过去分词则强调动作已经完成。4The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed!Aarrived Barrives Cto arrive Darriving答案C解析the first，the last后跟不定式。5I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _ talking while she works.Aworking；stopping Bto work；stoppingCworking；to stop Dto
17、 work；to stop答案C解析stand后跟doing；refuse后跟to do。6Mr.Green stood up in defence of the 16yearold boy, saying that he was not the one _.Ablamed Bblaming Cto blame Dto be blamed 答案C 解析blame与be动词连用时，构成be to blame，用主动形式表被动。7AIDS is said_ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over th
18、e past few years.Athat it is Bto be Cthat it has been Dto have been答案D解析sth./sb.is said后接不定式，根据下文over the past few years可知不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前，排除B项。8I send you 100 dollars，the rest _ in a year.Afollows Bfollowed Cbeing followed Dto follow答案D解析该题考查独立主格。“名词/代词不定式”表将来意义。9Sandy could do nothing but _ to his t
19、eacher that he was wrong.Aadmit Badmitted Cto admit Dadmitting答案A解析do nothing but.为固定结构，but后跟动词原形。10The purpose of new technology is to make life easier，_ it more difficult.Anot make Bnot to make Cnot making Dnor to make答案B解析not to make.在句中作表语，与前一个不定式形成对比。句意为：新技术的目的是使生活更加安逸，而不是使生活更加艰难。11Though he ha
20、d often made his little sister _，today he was made _ by his little sister.Acry；to cry Bcrying；crying Ccry；cry Dto cry；cry答案A解析make作谓语时，作宾语补足语的不定式的to须省略；但用于被动语态时，to不能省略。12She pretended_me when I passed by.Anot to see Bnot seeingCto not see Dhaving not seen答案A解析pretend后接不定式，排除B、D两项；不定式的否定形式为not/never
21、to，排除C项。13Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job.Aso not as to Bso as not toCso as to not Dnot so as to答案B解析so as not toin order not to。14Rather than _ on a crowded bus，he always prefers _ a bicycle.Aride；ride Briding；rideCride；to ride Dto ride；riding答案C解析prefer to do.rather than do是固定句型，表
22、示“宁愿而不”，在该结构中，rather than后跟动词原形且可置于句首。15The light in the office is still on.Oh，I forgot _.Aturning it off Bturn it offCto turn it off Dhaving turned it off答案C解析forget to do sth.忘了去做某事；forget doing sth.把已做的某件事给忘了。根据上文“The light in the office is still on.”可知是忘记去关灯，故选C项。.完成句子1The boys are warned not_to
23、_play_football_in_the_street (不要在街上踢足球)2To_see (眼见) is to believe.3In_order_to_go_to_college (为了上大学)，we can do nothing but study_hard (刻苦学习)4He often pretends to_know_what_he_doesnt_know (懂得了自己不懂的东西)5She is often heard to_sing_the_song_in_English (用英语唱这首歌)6I am sorry I cant help carry_the_box_for_yo
24、u (为你搬运箱子)7I have no choice but to_wait (等待)8He is said to_have_been_in_prison_for_10_years (曾经坐过十年牢)9The girl has many toys to_play_with (用来玩)10How_to_solve_the_problem (怎样解决这个问题) is important.阅读理解AHundreds of people lined up at Grand Central Terminal yesterday, but they werent there to catch a tra
25、in. They came to New York Citys famous railroad station to trade in old dollar bills for the new George Washington Presidential $ 1 coins.The goldcolored coin is the first in a new series by the US. Mint (造币厂) that honors former US. presidents. The Mint will issue four presidential $ 1 coins a year
26、through 2016. Like the popular 50 State Quarters program, which issues coins in the order in which each state joined the Union, Presidential $ 1 coins will come out in the order in which each president served. The George Washington coin is the first to be released. John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and J
27、ames Madison coins will come out later this year.A New LookThe Presidential $ 1 coins will be the same size and color as the Sacagawea Golden Dollar. However, there is an important difference. For the first time since the 1930s, there is an inscription on the edge of each coin. It includes the year
28、in which the coin was issued and two traditional mottos：“In God we trust” and “E pluribus unum”Each coin will show a different president on its face, or heads side. It will also show the presidents name, the order in which he served and his years in office. The other side of the coin will show the S
29、tatue of Liberty and the inscriptions “United States of America” and “$ 1”Not Just for CollectorsBecky Cross, 16, was one of the first people to put a presidential coin in her pocket. She and her mother, Karen Martin, were visiting New York from London, England, on the day the new coins were release
30、d. They said the coins made a great souvenir.But the coins arent just for collectors. “The new Presidential $ 1 coins are an educational and fun way to learn about former presidents，” says US. Mint director Edmund Moy. They have practical uses, too. At Grand Central Terminal, Moy kicked off the coin
31、 exchange by placing a Presidential $ 1 coin in a New York City parking meter.1The main idea of this passage probably is _.Aemphasizing the importance of the issue of coinsBintroducing the issue of the Presidential $ 1 coinsCstrengthening the achievements of the former presidentsDthe issue of the Pr
32、esidential $ 1 coins was warmly welcomed by the collectors答案B解析主旨大意题。文章介绍了带有总统肖像的硬币的发行情况。2Who will be the third to come out on the coins this year?AGeorge Washington. BJames Madison.CJohn Adams. DThomas Jefferson.答案D解析细节理解题。美国第三任总统是托马斯杰斐逊。由第二段中的“The George Washington coin is the first to be released
33、. John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison coins will come out later this year.”可以得出。3The special quality of the Presidential $ 1 coins is that _.Aeach coin has an image of a presidentBthe coins are only for collectorsCon the edge of each coin printed the date and mottosDfour coins will be iss
34、ued every year答案C解析细节理解题。这套硬币的独特之处是每一枚硬币的边缘处印有日期和格言。由第三段“However, there is an important difference. For the first time since the 1930s, there is an inscription on the edge of each coin. It includes the year in which the coin was issued and two traditional mottos.” 可以得出。4Which of the following inform
35、ation can we get from the coin?AImportant events happening during the presidents office years.BMottos the president liked.CThe years when the president served.DThe date when the president died.答案C解析细节理解题。硬币上能找到的信息是总统的任期。由倒数第三段 “It will also show the Presidents name, the order in which he served and
36、his years in office.” 可以得出。5All the following are the purposes of issuing the new Presidential $ 1 coins EXCEPT _.Aattracting foreign visitorsBlearning about former presidentsCpractical usesDmeeting the needs of collectors答案A解析归纳辨析题。硬币发行的目的包括让人们了解历届美国总统；实用价值；满足收藏者的需要，但不包括吸引国外游客。由最后一段可以得出。BFor shopah
37、olics (购物狂)，the postChristmas period means only one thingsales！Across the country，prices are greatly reduced on clothing，electronics，home furnishings and more.But London is the place for serious shopping，and you can certainly pick up some amazing bargains there.The sales start on Boxing Day26th Dece
38、mber，and continue for the month of January，but the keenest bargain hunters get there early to be first through the doors.In Oxford Street，queues are formed outside shops ahead of predawn openings for the start of their sales.At Brent Cross，in north London，more than 1,000 people were queuing at 330 a
39、m for the clothing stores sale which would begin at 4 am.Some hardy individuals even camped outside the shops to be first in the line.Consumers who hit the shops were rewarded with discounts of as much as 80% as department stores joined the sales craze.The shops are absolutely heaving as the sales g
40、ot into full swing，with more than half a million people gathering on Londons West End.Famous sales include the biggest，most prestigious shops such as Harrods，Selfridges，Liberty and John Lewis.Department stores are always a good betyoure likely to find everything you need under just one roof，includin
41、g muchneeded refreshments!Its a good time to stock up on small cheap devices，and theres no better time to invest in some designer threads.Some people are taking their partners shopping with them，and buying their Christmas presents in the salea practical but unromantic way of making sure you get the
42、gift you really want.For a less exciting but less stressful shopping experience，online retailers are also getting in on the act with January sales of their own.The most organized of all are those who are doing their present shopping for next Christmas，in the January sales!6Most people like to go sho
43、pping after Christmas in the UK mainly because_.Athe things in the shops are more plentiful than beforeBprices are greatly reduced on the goods at that timeCsome famous shops have some rare goods during that periodDpeople have much more time to go shopping at that time答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段的第二、三句“Across t
44、he country，prices are greatly reduced on clothing，electronics，home furnishings and more.But London is the place for serious shopping，and you can certainly pick up some amazing bargains there.”可以看出答案。7Which of the following words can be best used to describe the peoples going shopping in London?AHapp
45、y. BSatisfied. CCrazy. DRelaxed.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段中提到的很多顾客早晨330就排队等候，有的干脆在商店外野营等候，可以看出他们购物的热情是非常“狂热的”。8We can know from the passage that_.Aonly some famous shops have bargain goods on saleBthe consumers may probably get everything in one shopC80% of the shops have things on sale after ChristmasDmost p
46、eople would like to go to famous shops after Christmas答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句“Department stores are always a good betyoure likely to find everything you need under just one roof，including muchneeded refreshments！”一句可以看出答案。9According to the passage，people who go shopping after Christmas_.Aoften buy more
47、 things than they really needBthink buying presents at that time is romanticCthink it better to shop online than go to Londons West EndDbuy things for next years Christmas presents答案A解析细节理解题。根据第五段“Its a good time to stock up on small cheap devices，and theres no better time to invest in some designer
48、 threads.”可以看出圣诞节后人们疯狂购物，因为便宜，所以购置了大量的商品。10The main purpose of this passage is to_.Aadvise people to go shopping during Christmas holidaysBcomplain about the noise in London streets after ChristmasCremind the readers to buy some presents for ChristmasDgive a brief introduction to January sales in the UK答案D解析作者意图题。根据文章内容可以看出，本文主要介绍了圣诞节后英国一月大削价的有关情况。
