1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。第9讲并列句和状语从句. 语法填空1. (2020全国卷)The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side. 2. (2020全国卷)When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the
2、river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. 3. (2019全国卷)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take to get there. . 语法填空五谨记1. 完整的句子中, 如果两个单词或短语并列, 要填并列连词; 2. 若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号, 也没有连词, 空格处
3、必定填连词; 3. 牢记特殊句式中连词的运用; 4. 全面掌握九大状语从句的连接词, 熟悉它们的用法; 5. 准确判断主从句的逻辑关系, 同时要注意区分易混词。. 短文改错1. (2020全国卷)I waited patiently unless the oil was hot. (unless改为until/till)2. (2020全国卷)Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice. (for改为but/yet)3. (2020全国
4、卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together every day. (such改为so). 短文改错二定法1. 句间无连词, 增加连词; 凡是两个句子间没有句号、分号, 又没有连词时, 一定是漏掉了连词, 要根据两句之间的意义关系或逻辑关系, 增加一个适当的连词。2. 句间多连词, 删除连词。一、并列句并列句并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中, 这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。并列连词的用法用法连词例句表并列、递进或顺承关系and, both.
5、 . . and. . . , neither. . . nor. . . , not only. . . but(also). . . , not. . . but. . . 等*He not only read the book but also remembered what he had read. 表转折、对比关系but, while等*It often rains in the south, while it seldom rains in the north. 表选择关系either. . . or. . . , or等*Now you can have a rest or yo
6、u can go to the cinema. 表因果关系for, so等*He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail. 【点津】(1)“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型是近年来高考的热点, 有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。Hurry up, and you will catch the early bus. One more hour and we will get everything ready for taking off. (2)下列句型中常用并列连词when:
7、be going to do sth. when. . . “正要做某事, 这时(突然)”be about to do sth. when. . . “正要做某事, 这时(突然)”be on the point of doing sth. when. . . “正要做某事, 这时(突然)” be doing sth. when. . . “正在做某事, 这时(突然)”had done sth. when. . . “刚做了某事, 这时(突然)”【小题快练】 单句语法填空The manager was ill so I went in her place. She looks very youn
8、g, but she is already in her 30s. He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. Will he still be there or will he have gone away? He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English. I was just leaving when the telephone rang. 二、状语从句 常见状语从句连词1. 时间状语从句(1)when, while与as
9、引导的时间状语从句 连词从句谓语动词用法指津when延续性动词非延续性动词从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生, 也可以先后发生; 当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构, 而其主语和主句的主语一致, 其表语又是一个名词时, 就可以用由as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句while延续性动词从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as延续性动词强调主从句动作相伴发生, 可译为“一边一边; 随着”When I go to the cinema, the movie had already started. While we were chatting she was reading comics. Th
10、ings are getting better and better as time goes on. (2)before与since引导的时间状语从句连词词义常用句式before在之前; 还未就; 才; 趁; 还没来得及It will (not) be+一段时间+before. . . “(没有)过(时间)才”It was not long before. . . “不久就”It was+时间段+before. . . “过了(时间)才”since自从以来It is/has been+一段时间+since. . . (从句用一般过去时)It wont be long before you r
11、egret what you have done. It was some time before the door opened in response to his ring. It has been two years since he worked here. (3)表示“一就”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句引导时间状语从句, 且表示“一就”含义的词或短语有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly/scarcely. . . when. . .
12、, no sooner. . . than. . . 等。He left the minute you turned back to write on the blackboard. Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet. The science of engineering began as soon as man learned to use tools. hardly/scarcely. . . when. . . , no sooner. . . than. . . 中主句应用过去完成时, 从句应用一般过去时; 当no soon
13、er. . . 和hardly/scarcely. . . 位于句首时, 主句要用部分倒装。Hardly had the game begun when it started raining. No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent. (4)until与till引导的时间状语从句连词位置用法注意事项until可以放在句首not. . . until可用于强调句型until/till用于肯定句时主句的谓语动词是延续性动词, 用于否定句时主句的谓语动词是非延续性
14、动词not until位于句首时, 主句要用部分倒装till不可放在句首一般不用于强调句型You must keep on fighting until (till) the final victory belongs to you. I wont go with you until(till) I finished my homework. Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it. (5)引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)after, whenever, every time, each time,
15、 next time, the first/last time, any time, by the time, the day/year等。Every time I catch sight of myself in the mirror, I feel so disappointed. By the time he got there, his friends had already moved up north. 2. 条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句的常见引导词if, unless, as/so long as, in case(万一), once, on condition that, p
16、rovided/providing(that), supposing(that)等。 You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier. I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret. He wont be against us in the meeting provided that we ask for his advice in advance. (2)条件状语从句的时态用一般现在时代替一般将来时, 用一般过去时代替
17、过去将来时。If you fail in the exam, you will let him down. 3. 让步状语从句引导词从句位置语序特别说明although灵活正常although与though都可以与yet, still, nevertheless连用, 但不能和but连用though还可以作副词, 意为“可是, 然而”, 置于句末whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句, 但“no matter+疑问词”不可以 though灵活正常或倒装as句首倒装(即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首, 若表语是单数名词, 前置时要省
18、略冠词)while句首正常even if与even though灵活正常no matter+疑问词/疑问词+ever灵活正常whether. . . or not句首正常Although/Though he was exhausted, (still) he kept on working. Child as/though he was, he did quite well. We made a trip even though the weather was bad. No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happene
19、d, he would not mind. )4. 结果状语从句(1)so. . . that中so后面跟形容词或副词。The boy is so young that he cant do that by himself. (2)such. . . that中such后面跟名词。It is such nice weather that we decide to go to the beach. 5. 原因状语从句(1)because用来回答why的提问, 语气最强, 一般放在主句之后。Why didnt you tell me, Archie? Because you might have
20、casually mentioned it to somebody else. (2)since/now that表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因, 多放在句首。Since you have started the job, you might as well finish it. Now that we are all part of the global village, everyone becomes a neighbour. (3)as引导的从句常放在句首, 说明次要的原因, 主句说明结果, 常用于口语中。The situation remains confused as bo
21、th sides claim success. 【小题快练】 单句语法填空I didnt give my name because if I did I thought you might not have come. I was so touched that I couldnt sleep the whole night, and thought about being a teacher in the future. How long do you think it is since he arrived here? No more than half a year, I believe
22、. Unless these questions are solved, the region will remain a powder keg. It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified. Busy as/though she was, she spent some time talking with me, helping me out. 其他状语从句1. 地点状语从句(1)where与wherever意义基本相同, 但后者语气较强, 多用于书面语。The church was built whe
23、re there had once been a Roman temple. Wherever the film star goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her. (2)地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。Where there is a will, there is a way. 2. 目的状语从句(1)so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句中需用情态动词can, could等。You have to carry a bleeper so that they can call you in at an
24、y time. (2)for fear that(唯恐, 以防)与in case引导的目的状语从句中, 谓语动词有时也用should/might/could+动词原形。He was very cautious for fear that he should be blamed for anything wrong. 3. 方式状语从句(1)as引导方式状语从句, 意为“按照”。Shes old enough to have the freedom to do as she likes. (2)as if和as though的意义和用法基本一样; 从句中可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实, 也可以用
25、虚拟语气表示与事实相反。This time it looks as if were really going to get somewhere. Local residents said it was as if there had been a nuclear explosion. 4. 比较状语从句(1) as. . . as; not so/as. . . as; the same. . . as表示相同程度的比较, 肯定句用as. . . as, 否定句可用not as. . . as或not so. . . as。The very first canon of nursing is
26、to keep the air inside as fresh as the air outside. I have never seen so much rain as fell that February. (2)than表示不同程度的比较, 主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。I consider nothing more important in my life than songwriting. 【小题快练】 单句语法填空House prices vary from place to place and are usually high where there are famous sch
27、ools. Scientists have collected more data than expected. She doesnt play as well as her sister. Always do to the others as you would be done by. 状语从句的时态呼应1. 在when, as soon as, the moment, if, unless等引导的时间和条件状语从句中, 遵循“主将从现”的原则, 常常要用一般现在时表示将来的意义。Ill telephone you as soon as I get home. We will not att
28、ack unless we are attacked. 2. since引导的时间状语从句: 从句用一般过去时, 主句用完成时态或现在完成进行时态。Two weeks has passed since the new term began. I have been missing her since she left. 3. no sooner. . . than. . . , hardly/scarcely. . . when引导的时间状语从句: 从句中用一般过去时, 主句用过去完成时态。I had hardly come into the room when it began to rai
29、n. No sooner had they finished a job than the new task came. 4. 在by the time引导的时间状语从句中, 这个词组常用来指到某一时间为止, 主句常用完成时态。从句若用一般过去时, 主句则用过去完成时态。She had slipped into a coma by the time she reached hospital. 状语从句的省略和简化1. 状语从句的“省略和简化”现象常存在于以下5种状语从句中: 由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句; 由although, though, even if/though等引导的
30、让步状语从句; 由when, while, as, before, after, until/till等引导的时间状语从句; 由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句; 由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。2. 状语从句省略必须同时具备下列两个条件: 主句和从句的主语一致, 或从句主语为it; 从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。 When ( the museum is ) completed, the museum will be open to the public next year. If (it is) possible, he will help y
31、ou out of the difficulty. 3. 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时, 从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形: 连词+形容词/名词/非谓语动词(doing/done/to do)/介词短语。 Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret. Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks. Unless (you are) invited to speak, you should remai
32、n silent at the conference. He stood up as if (he were) to say something. 【小题快练】. 单句语法填空Unless children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally confident. If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one. Where he once felt like giving up, he now has the determina
33、tion to push further and keep on going. If you dont understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out. Fill in the application as instructed. He moves more slowly than his sister. . 单句改错It wasnt long since I learned how to develop respectful relationship
34、s with my bosses and what tone of voice to use with kids. (since改为before)I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at)While waited, I was reading some magazines. (waited改为waiting)Ill have my computer fixed immediately because of I need it badly for my work. (去掉of
35、)You shouldnt come to his party unless inviting. (inviting改为invited)Therell be more traffic jams and temperatures will continue to rise, so the problems in our environment will get even worse, if we do something now. (if改为unless). 语法填空Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the no
36、rth end of the Palace of Westminster in London. Its sound is so well known 1. _ it has often been used in films. The Clock Tower was completed in 1859 and the Great Clock started on 31 May, with the Great Bells strikes 2. _ (hear) for the first time on 11 July. It celebrated its 150th anniversary on
37、 31 May 2009, during 3. _ celebratory events took place. The tower has become one of the most outstanding 4. _ (symbol) of both London and England. The Clock Tower you see today is not the first tower to be built in Parliaments ground. The 5. _ (origin) tower was built in 12881290 during the reign o
38、f King Edward I. Unfortunately 6. _ big fire destroyed most of the Palace of Westminster. Architects 7. _ (invite) to submit their designs and Sir Charles Barrys was successful. Reconstruction of the Clock Tower began in September 1843. 8. _ was designed in the Victorian Gothic style. With time pass
39、ing by, the top of the Clock Tower is leaning one-and-a-half fee off a level position and 9. _ (get) worse each year now, partly as a result 10. _ decades of underground excavation. 1. 【解析】that。考查结果状语从句。so. . . that. . . 为固定搭配, 意为“如此以至于”, 故填that。2. 【解析】heard。考查非谓语动词。在with的复合结构中, 介词宾语the Great Bells
40、strikes与动词hear二者是被动关系, 即敲钟的声音被听到, 用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填heard。3. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。本句是定语从句, 其中31 May 2009是先行词, 在定语从句中作介词during的宾语, 指物要用which, 定语从句中常把介词与关系词一起提到前面, 即介词+关系代词which, 表示在此期间。故填which。4. 【解析】symbols。考查名词的复数形式。根据“one of+名词复数”可知, 空格后要跟名词的复数形式。故填symbols。5. 【解析】original。考查形容词。本空格修饰名词tower, 一般用形容词修饰名词, 故
41、填original。6. 【解析】a。考查不定冠词。此处是表示数量, 表示“一场”, 故填a。7. 【解析】were invited。考查时态和语态。主语Architects与动词 invite二者是被动关系, 即设计师是被动, 表示设计师是“被邀请”要用被动语态; 本文叙述的过去的事, 要用一般过去时。综合可知, 空格处要用一般过去时的被动形式, 主语是复数, 故填were invited。8. 【解析】It。考查代词。根据语境可知, 空格处指代上文中的the Clock Tower, 英语中常用it指代上文提到的事, 故填It。9. 【解析】getting。考查时态。句末的时间状语now和
42、上文中is leaning的运用都表明应该填现在进行时, 强调动作现阶段正在进行。故填getting。10. 【解析】of。考查介词。“as a result of. . . ”是固定搭配, 意思是“因为; 由于”, 故填of。. 短文改错Smile is a magic language that everyone can easily understand whenever he or she comes from. Smile is as the golden sunshine that brings warmth to people and makes him happy. Smile
43、 is shortest distance between people and it is a good way to show off friendliness to others. More important, smile conveyed a kind of positive energy to people. When you are happy, smile brightens your face. When you feel frustrating, you should also smile to cheer yourself up. Smile can give you c
44、onfidences and make you strong. Smiling at the world and the world will smile back! 1. 【解析】第一句wheneverwherever。考查连词。根据句意可知这里指无论来自哪里, 用wherever引导让步状语从句。故whenever改成wherever。2. 【解析】第二句aslike。考查介词。当“像”讲时, as作连接词, 引导比较状语从句; like“像”作介词, 后面加名词等作宾语。故as改成like。3. 【解析】第二句himthem。考查代词。这里指代前面的people, 用复数。故 him改成
45、 them。4. 【解析】第三句shortest前加the。考查冠词。形容词最高级前面用定冠词the。故shortest前加the。5. 【解析】第三句去掉 off。考查动词辨析。show用作及物动词是指“显示, 说明”, show off是“炫耀”的意思。故去掉 off。6. 【解析】第四句importantimportantly。考查副词比较级。在句子中作状语, 用副词形式。故 important改成 importantly。7. 【解析】第四句conveyedconveys。考查时态。纵观全文使用一般现在时, 主语为smile, 所以此处应该用conveys。故 conveyed 改成c
46、onveys。8. 【解析】第六句frustratingfrustrated。考查过去分词。分词作定语时, -ed是用来形容人的感情, -ing是形容物体或事件的。本句的主语为you, 所以形容词为frustrated。故frustrating改成 frustrated。9. 【解析】第七句confidencesconfidence。考查名词。confidence是抽象名词, 不可数。故confidences 改成confidence。10. 【解析】第八句SmilingSmile。考查固定句型。这里考查句型“祈使句+and+陈述句”, 所以用动词原形smile。故Smiling 改成Smil
47、e。. 写作运用补全下面写作, 注意连词使用。Dear Peter, Glad to hear from you 1. and youre welcome to China in July(欢迎你七月份来中国). Im greatly willing to introduce some significant Chinese customs to you. Firstly, we greet each other by saying “Hello” or asking such questions as “Where are you going? ” or “Are you busy? ” t
48、o express our care. Secondly, 2. when praised, we reply with “Oh, no! ” or “Im over-praised” to show good manners(当受到表扬时, 我们回答“哦, 不! ”或者“过奖了”来表现出礼貌). Additionally, 3. when receiving a gift, we usually say “Its unnecessary” as well as “Thanks” to show politeness and then put it away(收到礼物时, 我们通常会说“没必要
49、”, 也会说“谢谢”, 以示礼貌, 然后把它收起来). Finally, at dinner parties, we talk loudly and touch glasses 4. when drinking to someones health or success(当我们为某人的健康或成功而喝酒时) to show that were warm. Anyhow, different cultures, different customs. 5. If you do as the Romans do when in Rome, youll enjoy more of your stay here(如果你入乡随俗, 你会在这里享受更多的时光). I hope whats mentioned above might be helpful and wish you a good journey. Yours sincerely, Li Hua关闭Word文档返回原板块
