1、题型综合练(五)(限时65分钟). 阅读理解AMillions of healthy people who take aspirin to avoid illness in old age are unlikely to benefit from the drug, a trial has found. While a daily dose of the blood-thinning medicine can protect older people who have previously experienced heart attacks and strokes, researchers f
2、ound the drug did not extend the lifespan of healthy people over the age of 70. Doctors in Australia and the US enrolled more than 19, 000 healthy people, mostly aged over 70, for the trial. Half the participants were asked to take 100mg of aspirin each day, while the rest took a placebo(安慰剂)pill. W
3、hen the participants were followed up nearly five years later, doctors found that compared with the placebo, a daily aspirin had not reduced the risk of heart attack or stroke, or lengthen the years people lived without physical disabilities. “Despite the fact that aspirin has been around for more t
4、han 100 years, we have not known whether healthy older people should take it as a preventive measure to keep them healthy for longer, ” said John McNeil, who led the trial at Monash University in Melbourne. “It means millions of healthy older people around the world who are taking low-dose aspirin w
5、ithout a medical reason may be doing so unnecessarily, because the study showed no overall benefit to offset(抵消) the risk of bleeding. ”The doctors unexpectedly found that those who took aspirin were slightly more likely to have died over the course of the trial (5. 9%) than those who took the place
6、bo (5. 2%). Many of the extra deaths were due to cancer, but Leslie Ford from the National Cancer Institute in Maryland said that until the team had analyzed more data, the cancer findings “should be interpreted with caution”. The researchers rightly suggest treating the unexpected effects with caut
7、ion, but they also show that benefits of aspirin in healthy people are at best limited, and may well be harmful, and this harm may be increased beyond age 73. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 人们习惯认为老年人吃少量的阿司匹林可以预防心脏病和中风等, 但最新研究发现, 在70岁以上的老人中这种做法并没有减少血液病的危险。1. What is the function of aspirin? A. To make the blood thi
8、n. B. To cure people of cancer. C. To protect against any illness. D. To relieve the patients pain. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中“the blood-thinning medicine”可知, 阿司匹林是一种稀释血液的药物。故选A。2. What can we infer from John McNeils words? A. Old people benefit from taking aspirin. B. Few studies have been done on aspirin
9、. C. Aspirin is unnecessary for healthy people. D. No one will take aspirin any more. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据问题中涉及的John McNeil可定位到第四段, 根据John McNeil说的话可知, 这些健康的老人在没病的情况下服用阿司匹林是没有必要的。故选C。3. Which of the following can be the best title of this text? A. A New Study on AspirinB. Advice on Taking MedicineC. Taki
10、ng Aspirin Causes Serious Side EffectsD. Daily Aspirin Cant Make You Live Longer【解析】选D。推理判断题。本文为科普性新闻, 第一句“Millions of healthy people who take aspirin to avoid illness in old age are unlikely to benefit from the drug, a trial has found. ”点明主题, 为本文的主题句, 下文内容围绕这个主题展开叙述。故选D。【知识拓展】长难句分析While a daily dos
11、e of the blood-thinning medicine can protect older people who have previously experienced heart attacks and strokes, researchers found the drug did not extend the lifespan of healthy people over the age of 70. 分析: While引导让步状语从句, 在让步状语从句中, who引导定语从句, 修饰older people; 介词短语over the age of 70作后置定语, 修饰前面的
12、healthy people。译文: 虽然每天服用一剂这种血液稀释药物可以保护那些曾经患过心脏病和中风的老年人, 但研究人员发现, 这种药物并不能延长70岁以上健康老人的寿命。BKielder Forest in Northumberland, England, is home to birds of prey (捕食) and red squirrels. Around 90 years ago, it was also home to the pine marten (松貂). The 0. 5 meters animal was driven to extinction in Engla
13、nd by 1926 because gamekeepers wanted to secure the safety of their game birds, according to The Guardian. The martens grew well in Scotland, however, and the animals appear to be crossing back into England. A pine marten was spotted in Kielder Forest by John Hartshorne, a volunteer who monitors the
14、 red squirrel population in the forest, part of an effort to stop grey squirrels from further invading the red squirrels territory. “I heard loads of cries of red squirrels, wondering what it was. I zoomed in (拉近镜头) and saw a pine marten, which is superb, ” he told The Guardian. “We know that there
15、are pine martens around in Northumberland from anecdote, but weve been waiting for a clear picture of evidence that they are here. ”The pine marten is one of the animals receiving a helping hand from Back from the Brink, one of the conservation groups working together to help save 20 species from ex
16、tinction in England. Their efforts are aimed at helping the pine marten and other at-risk species. Red squirrels are threatened by grey squirrels, which outcompete the native squirrels for food and pass on a deadly virus. Martens keep grey squirrel numbers in check, especially since the invasive ani
17、mals arent used to having a predator like the pine marten around. A 2018 study found that the presence of pine martens can be enough to push the grey squirrel population out of an area. So the pine marten returning to Kielder Forest is a win-win: The pine marten returns to part of its historic range
18、 and in doing so, helps red squirrels continue to survive. 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。英国诺森伯兰郡的一片森林曾经是松貂的家园, 因为人为因素松貂已经绝迹很久了, 但近日在这里又发现了松貂的身影, 作者认为这是一件好事。4. What led to the extinction of the pine marten indirectly in 1926? A. A deadly virus. B. Game birds. C. Loss of habitat. D. Red squirrels. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段
19、最后一句可知, 1926年猎场看守人为了保证猎鸟的安全, 捕杀驱逐松貂才导致其在英格兰绝迹, 可以说猎鸟是松貂灭绝的间接原因。故选B。5. What is John Hartshornes duty according to Paragraph 2? A. To watch red squirrels closely. B. To find and track pine martens. C. To stop grey squirrels from dying out. D. To monitor the population of squirrels. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段可
20、知John Hartshorne作为志愿者, 职责是监控森林中红松鼠的数量, 这就需要保持对红松鼠的近距离观察。故选A。6. What does the underlined part “the invasive animals” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. Pine martens. B. Grey squirrels. C. Birds of prey. D. Native squirrels. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。画线部分所在句及前一句的意思是“红松鼠受到灰松鼠的威胁, 后者不仅争抢食物而且带来了致命的病毒。貂类可以控制住灰松鼠的数量, 尤其是自从松貂灭
21、绝后这一入侵物种已经不适应没有天敌的存在了。”由此可知, 这里的入侵物种就指灰松鼠。故选B。CLuke Grenfell-Shaw has a rare form of cancer. It started as a pain in his shoulder and the tumour spread to his lungs, making it stage four. The Oxford graduate was teaching English in Siberia when he suffered shoulder pain and saw the school nurse. It
22、was her reaction to a lump on his back that sent him back home to Bristol. “I was 24 years old. I had done an ultra-marathon, ”Luke said. “48 hours later, I was back in hospital in the UK. ” On the 19 June 2018, doctors told Luke that he had cancer. “I had kind of worked out that it was cancer, but
23、what kind of blew me away was the fact that it was stage four cancer. ”says Luke. “That day, my life felt like it had disintegrated. My life had been comfortable and conventional. I worked hard and got rewards in terms of education, jobs, things like that. That was all taken away. ” On the day of hi
24、s diagnosis, Luke had one clear thought in his mind that he wanted to cycle around the world. It was something he had always hoped to do, but the cancer news made him realize that he couldnt put it off. “I realized that the future had to become now, ” Luke explains. He decided to cycle from Bristol
25、to Beijingmore than 5, 000 mileson a tandem bike, because he wants to bring people along to share the experience with him. Luke will not only be joined by family and friends for certain legs of his trip, but also by other young people who are living with cancer. “This trip is something Im going to e
26、njoy, ” says Luke. “Its going to be the richest and most fulfilling experience that I can have. ”【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。25岁的英国男子打算来一次看似不可能的挑战: 从英国布里斯托尔骑行至北京。更具挑战性的是, 这名男子已被确诊为癌症四期(晚期), 身体状况不容乐观。7. What made Luke realize the potential threat of the illness? A. A lump on his back. B. The pain on his shoulder.
27、 C. The school nurses reaction. D. The Oxford graduated warning. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段“It was her reaction to a lump on his back that sent him back home to Bristol. ”可知, 正是护士对他背上一个肿块的反应, 把他送回了布里斯托尔, 说明Luke当时意识到了疾病对他的潜在威胁。8. What does the underlined word “disintegrated” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Disputed.
28、 B. Broken. C. Disappointed. D. Confused. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据第二段可知Luke原本舒适和常规的生活因癌症的出现被打破, 所有的一切都被剥夺, 由此猜测Luke感到生活“崩溃, 破碎”, 与B项broken意思相近。9. Why did Luke decide to cycle around the world? A. To make his dream come true. B. To enjoy the rest of his life peacefully. C. To conquer the cancer in his own way
29、. D. To seek the best doctor to treat his cancer. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段可知, 在他确诊那天, Luke有一个明确的想法, 骑自行车环游世界各地, 这是他一直希望做的事。10. What can we learn from the passage? A. Luke expected to challenge the tough journey. B. Luke intended to change his future life by cycling. C. Luke wanted to end his life during t
30、he cycling trip. D. Luke planned to challenge the cancer with young men. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段可知, Luke认为他将享受这次旅行, 这将是他能拥有的最丰富、最充实的经历, 由此推测Luke期望挑战艰难旅程。. 阅读填句Marketing research can give a business a picture of what kinds of new products and services may bring a profit. 1 By researching the answers to sp
31、ecific questions, small-business owners can learn whether they need to change their package design or adjust their delivery methods. 2 Failure to do market research before you begin a business venture or during its operation is like driving a car from Texas to New York without a map or street signs.
32、 You have to know which direction to travel and how fast to go. 3 It will also tell you when they are most likely and willing to purchase your goods or use your services. When you conduct marketing research, you can use the results either to create a business and marketing plan or to measure the suc
33、cess of your current plan. Thats why its important to ask the right questions, in the right way, of the right people.4 The goal of primary research is to gather data from analyzing current sales and the effectiveness of current practices. Primary research also takes competitors plans into account, g
34、iving you information about your competition. 5 With secondary data, you can identify competitors, establish benchmarks(标准) and identify targets. Your targets are the people who fall into your targeted population people who live a certain lifestyle, exhibit particular behavioral patterns or fall int
35、o a predetermined age group. A. Research, done poorly, can lead a business in the wrong direction. B. No small business can succeed without understanding its customers. C. Sometimes, they even consider offering additional services accordingly. D. A market research plan is like a map indicating where
36、 your customers are. E. Relying on the published work of others doesnt give you the full picture. F. It can also tell companies whether they are meeting their customers needs. G. The goal of secondary research is to analyze data that has already been published. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 主要介绍了市场调查的重要性以及市场调查的两个
37、阶段。1. 【解析】选F。根据F项中的“It can also tell. . . ”可知, 此处谈论的是市场调查的多种作用。故选F。2. 【解析】选C。上文提到, 一些小公司通过对特定问题答案的研究获悉他们是否需要改变产品包装或调整配送方式。C项: “有时, 他们甚至根据情况考虑提供额外的服务, ”与上文语境衔接。3. 【解析】选D。上文把不做市场调查比作没有地图的旅行, D项: “市场研究计划就像地图一样”承接上文, 并与下文“It will also tell you. . . ”相呼应。4. 【解析】选A。上句提到, 做市场研究重要的是要用正确的方式、找正确的人、问正确的问题。A项:
38、“拙劣的市场研究会把生意引向错误的方向”与前句形成对照。5. 【解析】选G。上段讲述“The goal of primary research, ”本段讲述“The goal of secondary research, ”条理分明, 再根据空格后的“With secondary data”可知, G项符合语境。. 完形填空I woke up without much enthusiasm. I rolled out of bed and 1 there not wanting to believe I had to go to work again. This must just be a
39、bad dream that never seemed to 2 with the same old being done over and over again. I picked myself up to a standing position and 3slowly around back towards my comfortable and warm bed and had to4the very last ounce of strength not to head back into its hug. What a 5it was to get dressed and head ou
40、t of the door! Off I went to6arriving just in time. Then, 7, my boss said there was a(n)8job to do right now. I9that anybody could do this job and that10else would have to do it if I waited long enough. But, nobody else11up to the job and this left me with a sinking feeling. Thats the same problem w
41、ith your12. Many people use up a lifetime trying to 13somebody else to do all the hard work to improve their life. There is a lot of discomfort with actually14 your very own life while it is much 15to let others do it. The real problem, however, is that it takes a lot of 16 to find somebody who will
42、 do anything for you. Your life wont change 17 you are willing to grab hold of your life and 18that nobody else will ever create the life you want. So, stop 19anybody to do something for you. 20, get your own body going and get it done now. 【文章大意】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者不愿意去上班而又不得不去, 到达单位后老板交代作者有紧急事情要做。就此作者领悟到:
43、要想改变自己的生活, 就要掌控它并接受一个事实其他人永远不会创造出你想要的生活。因此, 要亲自动手立即完成自己的工作。1. A. satB. stoodC. layD. went【解析】选A。本句话是在描述作者起床的一连串动作, 作者不愿意去上班, 很不情愿地爬起来坐在床边, 直到站起来。故选A。2. A. begin B. end C. makeD. share【解析】选B。由“with the same old being done over and over again”可知, 上班是一个不会“结束”的事情。故选B。3. A. glaredB. talked C. glancedD. w
44、alked【解析】选C。因为实在不愿意去上班, 因此舍不得地看了一眼舒适而温暖的床。故选C。4. A. lack B. lose C. test D. use【解析】选D。空格处所填入的动词的宾语是strength, 此句话表示作者尽最大努力从床上起身站起来, 用尽了最后一点力量。故选D。5. A. struggle B. surprise C. shock D. mess【解析】选A。由上文可知, 作者不愿意起床, 所以经历了一番斗争, 很不容易地起床了。故选A。6. A. schoolB. work C. bed D. hospital【解析】选B。由前文的“go to work”可知,
45、作者是去上班。故选B。7. A. as a result B. in either case C. what was worse D. in the end【解析】选C。as a result 结果是; in either case在任一情况下; what was worse更糟糕的是; in the end最终。由下文可知, 来到工作单位后, 老板说有紧急任务要完成, 本来作者就不愿意上班, 因此心情更糟了。故选C。8. A. good B. first C. specialD. urgent【解析】选D。由“right now”可知, 这份工作任务是很急的, urgent合乎语境。故选D。
46、9. A. knew B. explained C. regretted D. promised【解析】选A。句意: 我知道任何人都可以做这项工作, 如果我等足够久的话, 别人就不得不去做。此处指作者的心理活动, 作者产生的想法是由不愿意上班的情绪导致的。故选A。10. A. everybody B. anybody C. somebody D. nobody【解析】选C。因为作者知道任何人都可以做这项工作, 因此自己不去做的话总“有人”会做的。故选C。11. A. livedB. stayed C. looked D. stepped【解析】选D。但是, 没有其他人做这项工作, 这让作者有一
47、种沮丧的感觉。step up to the job 意为“开始做工作”。故选D。12. A. life B. job C. goal D. belief【解析】选A。由下一句中的life可知, 作者想要表达的是很多人在生活中都是这样的。故选A。13. A. refuseB. trust C. searchD. find【解析】选D。由作者的经历可知, 作者心中想着找到别人来完成工作, 由上文可知, 这是很多人的问题。故选D。14. A. getting rid of B. taking charge of C. looking forward to D. thinking much of【解析
48、】选B。get rid of 摆脱; take charge of负责; look forward to期待; think much of高度评价, 重视。由文章最后一句话可知, 要亲自动手立即完成自己的工作, 这是对自己生活的掌控和负责。故选B。15. A. harderB. longer C. earlierD. easier【解析】选D。while表示对比, 意为“然而”, 掌控自己的生活会带来不适由此可知, 让别人去做会容易得多。故选D。16. A. effortB. courage C. advantage D. action【解析】选A。找到一个愿意为你做任何事情的人是不容易的,
49、因此这需要付出很多的精力。故选A。17. A. ifB. unless C. because D. while【解析】选B。句意: 你的生活不会改变, 除非你愿意掌控自己的生活并接受一个事实其他人永远不会创造出你想要的生活。结合上下文可知, unless引导条件状语从句符合语境。故选B。18. A. forgetB. explain C. accept D. wonder【解析】选C。其他人永远不会创造出你想要的生活, 这是一个事实, 接受它, 你才有可能改变自己的生活。故选C。19. A. staring at B. looking for C. attending to D. caring
50、 about【解析】选B。stare at 盯着看; look for寻找; attend to致力于, 照料; care about关心, 在乎。由文章最后一句可知, 要亲自动手立即完成自己的工作, 这意味着“不要再找别人为自己做事情了”。故选B。20. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Otherwise【解析】选C。句意: 而是自己动手做, 立即完成自己的工作。instead是副词, 基本意思是“代替”。instead可位于句首, 通常引出下句, 提出相反的情况。故选C。. 语法填空Happiness is like a small stone
51、1. _ (drop) into a pool to cause a circle of ripples. 2. Stevenson has said, being happy is a duty. There is no exact definition of the word “happiness”. Happy people are happy due 3. all sorts of reasons. The key is not wealth or physical well-being, since we find 4. (home) people, disabled people
52、and so-called losers are extremely happy. Being happy is a sort of unexpected gain. But staying happy is 5. accomplishment, a success of soul and character. Actually it is not selfish to strive for it. It is, indeed, a duty to ourselves and others. Being unhappy is like an infectious disease. It cau
53、ses people 6. (stay) away from the sufferer. He soon finds himself alone. There is, however, a cure for it: if you dont feel happy, pretend to be. It works. Before long you will find that instead of repelling people, you attract them. You will discover 7. _ deeply rewarding it is to be the center of
54、 wider and wider circles of good will. Then the make-believe becomes a 8. _ (real). You become really happy. Being happy, once it is recognized as a duty and develops into a habit, 9. _ (open) doors into amazing gardens which are full of 10. _(thank) friends. 【文章大意】文章主要讲述了幸福就像一块石头落入池中, 引发不断扩大的涟漪圈, 我
55、们要变得快乐, 一旦被认为是一种责任并成为一种习惯, 就会打开通往充满感恩的朋友的花园的大门。1. 【解析】dropped。考查非谓语动词。drop和它所修饰的词之间是被动关系, 所以用过去分词作后置定语, 故填dropped。2. 【解析】As。考查非限制性定语从句。关系代词as表示“正如, 正像”, 引导非限制性定语从句, as指代后面句子的内容且在从句中作宾语。3. 【解析】to。考查介词。表示“因为各种各样的原因”, due to因为, 由于。所以用介词to。4. 【解析】homeless。考查形容词。根据句意“关键不是财富或身体健康, 因为我们发现无家可归的人、残疾人和所谓的失败者都
56、非常幸福。”可知用形容词homeless。5. 【解析】an。考查冠词。根据句意: 但保持快乐是一种成就, 是灵魂和性格的成功。可知泛指一个, 所以用不定冠词, accomplishment首字母发音是元音音素, 故填an。6. 【解析】to stay。考查非谓语动词。cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事, 故填to stay。7. 【解析】how。考查宾语从句。在宾语从句中修饰形容词rewarding, 所以用连接副词, 故填how。8. 【解析】reality。考查名词。作表语, 前面有不定冠词, 所以用单数名词, 故填reality。9. 【解析】opens。考查主谓一致。主语为Being happy, 所以谓语用第三人称单数形式, 故填opens。10. 【解析】thankful。考查形容词。根据句意: 一旦你认识到快乐是一种责任并使快乐成为习惯, 通向不可思议的花园的大门就会向你敞开, 那里满是感激你的朋友。可知表示“感激的”, 所以用形容词作定语。故填thankful。
