1、二十九选修6 Unit 4Global warming(限时35分钟). 阅读理解A(2021黄冈模拟)Walls blanketed in moss(苔藓)are popping up in major cities, along with promises that they can reduce air pollutionbut can a few square metres of plant matter really deal with the smog? A Berlin-based firm, Green City Solutions, believes so. Its moss
2、 walls, called the CityTree, are roughly 4 square metres in size. Armed with Wi-Fi sensors to monitor the health of moss, a CityTree functions autonomously and requires very little maintenance(维护). The wall collects rainwater, which is pumped through a built-in irrigation system to the plants, power
3、ed by solar energy. As a result, the firm says each CityTree is able to “eat” around 250 grams of particulate(颗粒) matter a day (nearly 90 kg a year) and removes about 240 metric tons of CO2 annually. It also cools the surrounding air. Aware that getting the surrounding air in contact with the moss w
4、all is crucial for the CityTree to be effective, the inventors ensure that the location of each installation (安装) is chosen carefully. Spots where pollution is heavy due to traffic and where air flow is limited are picked. The importance of this step is explained by the fact that the waste gas from
5、a car generally goes vertically a few kilometres into the air. But this doesnt mean moss walls will necessarily protect people from pollution. In the Netherlands, researchers found that eight walls installed in Amsterdam failed to reduce the concentration of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen diox
6、ide (NO2). Their report concluded that even doubling the number of moss walls would do little to improve their effectiveness. The CityTree is not meant for parks or to substitute for street trees, but to add greenery to concrete-heavy spaces where planting is not an option. Its important to remember
7、 that street trees provide a whole host of other benefits, including shelter and habitat for urban wildlife, shade and cooling for people on the street, and reduction of urban heat islands. 【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章主要以号称能够减少空气污染的, 在大城市如雨后春笋般出现的CityTree苔藓墙是否真的能对付雾霾展开了讨论, 分别从其功能、选址, 以及是否有效发挥作用方面进行了讲述。作者在文末提出个人
8、观点: 苔藓墙并不能够取代公园和街道树木。1. What do we know about the CityTree? A. It can absorb some air pollutants. B. It can irrigate other street plants. C. It produces electricity to cool water. D. It is aimed at saving water in cities. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容: As a result, the firm says each CityTree is able to “e
9、at” around 250 grams of particulate matter a day (nearly 90 kg a year) and removes about 240 metric tons of CO2 annually. 可知每棵“城市树”每天可以“吃”大约250克的颗粒物(每年近90千克), 每年可以消除约240吨的二氧化碳。因此它有吸收一些空气污染物的功能。2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The importance of CityTree. B. The function of CityTree. C. How to
10、operate CityTree. D. Where to place CityTree. 【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通过阅读可知, 该段首句内容为本段中心主旨句, “Aware that getting the surrounding air in contact with the moss wall is crucial for the CityTree to be effective, the inventors ensure that the location of each installation is chosen carefully. ( 考虑到让周围的空气与苔藓墙接触对城市树
11、的有效性至关重要, 发明者确保每个装置的位置都是精心选择的。)”可知, 本段主要在讲述苔藓墙的安装位置。3. Why is the example of Amsterdam mentioned in Paragraph 4? A. To show that CityTree cant always work well. B. To prove that CityTree can reduce air pollutants. C. To emphasize the necessity of building moss walls. D. To analyze the reasons for th
12、e failure of the program. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据英文文章的写作特点可知, 举例内容应是对本段主旨要点的支持或例证, 题干中提及举例内容“Amsterdam”紧跟于本段主旨要点之后, 是为了给主旨句例证。结合主旨内容“But this doesnt mean moss walls will necessarily protect people from pollution. (但这并不意味着苔藓墙一定会保护人们免受污染。)”由此判断出, 该例子是为了证明苔藓墙并不一定会发挥作用。4. What is the authors attitude towards re
13、placing street trees with moss walls? A. Ambiguous. B. Disapproving. C. Supportive. D. Cautious. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“The CityTree is not meant for parks or to substitute for street trees, but to add greenery to concrete-heavy spaces where planting is not an option. ( “城市树”并不是为公园设计的, 也不是用来替代街道上的树,
14、 而是为混凝土密集的空间增加绿色植物, 在这些空间里不可以种植植物。)”可推知, 对于用苔藓墙取代街道上的树这种做法, 作者是反对的。【规律方法】细节理解题解题技巧在阅读理解题中, 有相当一部分题目属于事实或细节题, 特别是直接理解性题目, 比较简单, 只要通读全文, 了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节, 就可以解答出来, 有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案; 另外还有一些题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。BA new study shows that rising levels of pla
15、net-warming gases may reduce important nutrients in food crops. Researchers studied the effects of one such gas-carbon dioxide-on rice. The researchers grew rice plants in a controlled environment. They set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists are predicting for our planet by the end of the cent
16、ury. They found that the resulting rice crops had lower than normal levels of vitamins, minerals and protein. The researchers said the effects of planet-warming gases would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries. These people generally eat the most rice and
17、have the least complex diets, they noted. In the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan. They pumped carbon dioxide gas over the plants in an effort to create the atmosphere of the future. Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 pe
18、rcent lower levels of four B vitamins and 10 percent less protein. The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc(锌)than rice grown under normal conditions. However, vitamin E levels increased by about 13 percent on average. The results are bad news, “especially for the nutrition of
19、the poorer population in less-developed countries, ” said the University of Tokyos Kazuhiko Kobayashi, who helped to write the report. That includes about 600 million people in Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Laos and other nations, mainly in Southeast Asia, the report said. One of the sci
20、entists is Sam Myers of Harvard University in the American state of Massachusetts. He said that findings like this are an example of the surprises climate change create. “My concern is there are many more surprises to come, ” he said. Myers noted that pollution, loss of some species, destruction of
21、forests, and other human activities are likely to produce unexpected problems. He said that you cannot completely change all the natural systems that living organisms have grown to depend on over millions of years without having effects come back to affect our own health. The new study suggests a wa
22、y to lower the nutritional harm of climate change. One way, Kobayashi said, is to grow different forms of rice that have shown to be more resistant to higher carbon dioxide levels. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明, 不断增加的温室气体可能会减少粮食作物的重要营养成分, 对人们的身体健康造成影响。5. Which country would be influenced most by planet-warmin
23、g gases according to the text? A. China. B. Myanmar. C. America. D. Britain. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the effects of planet-warming gases would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries. ”第四段中的“That includes about 600 million people in Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar,
24、 Bangladesh, Laos and other nations, mainly in Southeast Asia”可知温室气体对农作物的影响, 对不发达国家最贫困的居民影响最为严重, 包括印度尼西亚、柬埔寨、缅甸、孟加拉国、老挝和其他主要位于东南亚的国家。故选B。6. How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed? A. By comparison. B. By giving examples. C. By analyzing causes. D. By describing a process. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。第三段中通过数据的比较, 让我们了
25、解了温室气体对农作物的影响程度。故选A。7. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Climate change will be difficult to predict. B. Climate change will lead to more good effects. C. Climate change will be harmful to the environment. D. Climate change will cause more unexpected problems. 【解析】选D。句意猜测题。根据
26、第六段中的“Myers noted that pollution, loss of some species, destruction of forests, and other human activities are likely to produce unexpected problems. ”可知Myers认为污染、某些物种的丧失、森林的破坏和其他人类活动可能产生意想不到的问题。出现的这些问题就是Myers提到的更多的意外。故选D。8. Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A. Myers s
27、aid we could change all the natural systems for the sake of our health. B. The poorest people in all the least developed countries would be influenced most. C. The researchers grew 18 kinds of rice in China and Japan in a controlled environment. D. Protein in rice grown under high carbon dioxide con
28、ditions increased by 10 percent. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan. They pumped carbon dioxide gas over the plants in an effort to create the atmosphere of the future. ”可知实验是在中国和日本的农田里种植了18种水稻。他们将二氧化碳气体输送到植物上方, 以创造未来的大气。也就是在可控的环境下种植
29、水稻进行实验。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. nutrientn. 营养素2. complexadj. 复杂的3. destructionn. 破坏4. organismn. 有机体. 完形填空The Coffee PlaceI used to believe politeness was a thing of the past. Very seldom had I met a 1human being in this modern age of the so-called Generation X. Recently, I had to change my 2, when I came face
30、to face with just such a human being. I had gone to a coffee place, with two of my grown-up daughters. The place was crowded with the usual loud crowd and we had to climb the stairs in order to find a(n) 3 table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we were going down the stairs, where the4 space made
31、climbing down only possible in a single5, with hardly any space for another person to either climb up or 6. Just as I was in the 7 of my going down, a gentleman entered by the main 8 of the coffee place which was in front of the staircase. I was sure I would be pushed 9 by the man who would want to
32、go up 10. I kept coming down as fast as I could, 11 on to the bannister (扶手). My daughters were already down, looking up at me and hoping I would reach them before the 12 started up the stairs. Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still standing near the 13. I reached my daughters and passed him
33、at the entrance door he 14 holding open. I looked back, thinking he was still there trying to 15 whether to go in or find another less crowded place. But later I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and felt bad that we didnt even thank him who was actually holdin
34、g the door open for us to pass through 16 going up. We 17 his thoughtfulness. Such 18 people are hard to find these days when pushing roughly is very19 in our advanced but aggressive society. Till date, I remember this gentleman and20 to God to make more human beings like him. 【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者在
35、一家咖啡店见到了一位绅士贴心地帮助她推门的善举, 让她相信很多人还是有礼貌的, 善良的。1. A. polite B. rude C. clever D. dull【解析】选A。句意: 我过去常常认为礼貌是很久远的东西, 在现代社会我很少遇见过礼貌的人。 polite礼貌的; rude粗鲁的; clever聪明的; dull枯燥的。故选A。2. A. choiceB. thinking C. lifeD. decision【解析】选B。句意: 近来, 当我面对面遇到这么一个人的时候, 我不得不改变我的想法。 choice选择; thinking想法, 思考; life生活; decision决
36、定。故选B。3. A. convenientB. nice C. reservedD. empty【解析】选D。句意: 咖啡馆充满了喧闹的人群, 我们不得不爬楼梯去楼上找个空桌。 convenient便利的; nice好的; reserved保留的; empty空的。故选D。4. A. wideB. openC. narrowD. large【解析】选C。句意: 喝完咖啡, 吃完甜点, 我们开始下楼, 楼梯太过狭窄我们只能排成一列有序下楼。 wide宽的; open打开的; narrow狭窄的; large大的。故选C。5. A. areaB. circleC. secondD. line【解
37、析】选D。句意: 喝完咖啡, 吃完甜点, 我们开始下楼, 楼梯太过狭窄我们只能排成一列有序下楼。 area区域; circle环形; second秒; line线, 队。故选D。6. A. break downB. set down C. come downD. take down【解析】选C。句意: 几乎没有留下任何空间供另一个人上楼或下楼。 break down分解, 崩溃; set down记下; come down下来; take down取下, 拿下。故选C。7. A. endB. wayC. middleD. aim【解析】选C。句意: 我刚下到一半的时候, 有个绅士从楼梯出口正对
38、着的主入口进入咖啡馆。 end结束, 结尾; way方式; middle中间; aim目标。故选C。8. A. entranceB. room C. hallD. exit【解析】选A。句意: 我刚下到一半的时候, 有个绅士从楼梯出口正对着的主入口进入咖啡馆。 entrance入口, 进入; room房间; hall大厅; exit出口。故选A。9. A. gentlyB. roughly C. casuallyD. politely【解析】选B。句意: 我确信我一定会被这个匆忙上楼的家伙粗鲁地冲撞。 gently温柔地; roughly粗鲁地; casually随意地; politely礼貌
39、地。故选B。10. A. carefullyB. happily C. slowlyD. hurriedly【解析】选D。句意见上题。carefully细心地; happily快乐地; slowly缓慢地; hurriedly匆忙地。故选D。11. A. holdingB. going C. dependingD. handling【解析】选A。句意: 我尽可能快地下楼梯, 手紧抓着楼梯扶手。 holding on坚持, 抓住(不放); going on 继续; depending on依靠; handling操作, 处理。故选A。12. A. waiterB. student C. frie
40、ndD. stranger【解析】选D。句意: 我的女儿已经走下楼梯, 抬头看着我, 希望我能在这个陌生人上楼之前下来。 waiter侍者; student学生; friend朋友; stranger陌生人。故选D。13. A. tableB. door C. windowD. counter【解析】选B。句意: 快赶上我女儿的时候, 我注意到这个男的仍然站在门口。 table桌子; door门; window窗户; counter柜台。故选B。14. A. stoppedB. permitted C. keptD. considered【解析】选C。句意: 我赶上了我的女儿, 从这个人一直开
41、着的门旁走过。 stop停止; permit允许; keep保持; consider考虑。故选C。15. A. decideB. inform C. persuadeD. discuss【解析】选A。句意: 我回首一看, 认为仍然在那儿的那个人在决定是进去还是找个不那么拥挤的地方。 decide决定; inform告知; persuade劝说; discuss讨论。故选A。16. A. after B. when C. beforeD. since【解析】选C。句意: 我把这件事告诉女儿, 我感觉很糟, 因为我们没有感谢那位在上楼前一直为我们开门的绅士。 after在之后; when当时; b
42、efore在之前; since自从。故选C。17. A. requiredB. applauded C. thankedD. spread【解析】选B。句意: 我们很赞赏他的体贴。 require要求; applaud赞赏, 鼓掌; thank感谢; spread扩散。故选B。18. A. well-manneredB. deeply-affected C. ill-educatedD. easily-identified【解析】选A。此处指像这种有礼貌的人很难找了。well-mannered有礼貌的; deeply-affected深受影响的; ill-educated缺乏教育的; easi
43、ly-identified容易鉴别的。故选A。19. A. generalB. urgent C. seriousD. common【解析】选D。句意: 在这样一个现代却充满挑衅的社会里, 粗鲁地推挤非常普遍, 但是像这样有礼貌的人却很难找。 general一般的; urgent紧急的; serious严重的; common普通的, 共有的。故选D。20. A. pointB. pray C. devoteD. explain【解析】选B。句意: 直到今天我还记得这个绅士, 祈祷上帝创造更多的这种人吧。 point指向; pray祈祷; devote致力于, 献身于; explain解释。故选
44、B。【知识拓展】词汇积累1. thoughtfulnessn. 体贴; 考虑周到2. aggressiveadj. 侵略的; 野心勃勃的. 语法填空阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Today, Mount Qomolangmas peak is not a lonely place any more. Over 3, 500 people have 1. _(successful) climbed the mountain over the past year. Meanwhile, climbers have complained about 2.
45、_(wait) for hours in the bottlenecks. In fact, the dangerous 3. _(crowd) arent the only problem. All those climbers need 4. _(bring) a lot of gear(设备), much of which ends up being left on the mountain. It is becoming the worlds 5. _(tall) rubbish dump. But the good news is 6. _ some mountaineers hav
46、e started to clean up Qomolangma. Mountaineers Paul and Eberhard are part of Eco Everest Expedition, which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008. So far they 7. _(collect) over 13 tons of garbage. Some of that rubbish is even being used for 8. _ higher purpose. As part of the Mount Everest 8848 Ar
47、t Project, a group of 15 artists from Nepal collected 1. 5 tons of garbage. Theyve changed the cans and oxygen tanks into 74 pieces of art that have already been exhibited 9. _ Nepals capital. Part of the profit from sales 10. _(be) available for the Everest Peakeers Association which has helped col
48、lect rubbish off the mountain. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的污染情况以及现在采取的应对污染的措施和取得的进步。1. 【解析】successfully。考查副词。分析句子结构可知, 空前的have和空后的climbed构成谓语, 此处应用副词来修饰, 故填successfully。2. 【解析】waiting。考查动名词。此处介词about之后应用动名词形式, 故填waiting。3. 【解析】crowds。考查名词的单复数。根据空前的形容词dangerous可知, 空处应用名词形式, crowd“人群”为可数名词, 且句子的谓语arent为复数形式, 所
49、以应用复数形式crowds。4. 【解析】to bring。考查动词不定式。此处表示所有这些登山者都需要带着大量设备, 故此处用need to do sth. “需要做某事”。5. 【解析】tallest。考查形容词的最高级。根据句中的the worlds表述“全世界范围内的”可知, 此处表示最高级的含义, 故用形容词最高级tallest。6. 【解析】that。考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知, 此处引导表语从句, 引导词在从句中不充当成分, 仅起连接作用, 故用that引导。7. 【解析】have collected。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语So far可知, 此处表示截止到现在已收集的垃圾数量, 所以应用现在完成时; 又主语they为复数, 故填have collected。8. 【解析】a。考查冠词。此处表示“一个更高的目标”, 表泛指, 在文中第一次提到, 且higher的发音以辅音音素开头, 故用a。9. 【解析】in。考查介词。根据句意可知, 此处表示“在尼泊尔的首都”, 故填in“在(某范围或空间内的)某一点”。10. 【解析】is。考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知, 此处为一般性描述, 应用一般现在时; 该句主语为“Part of the profit from sales”, 此处表示单数概念, 应填is。
