1、三十八选修8 Unit 3Inventors and inventions(限时35分钟). 阅读理解A(2021宁波模拟)Do you have a job? If you do, youll know the world of work can be toughlong hours, boring tasks and stress. But it can bring benefits too, such as a regular salary. Maybe thats why more of us are now taking on a side hustleanother name fo
2、r a second job. For some having two jobs is a necessitya way to make ends meet and provide extra income. But it now seems that more people want to put their skills and passions into practice to make money. These tend to be entrepreneurial young people who want to work on their own projects alongside
3、 their main source of income. According to Henley Business School, around one in four workers run at least one side hustle business, half of which were started in the past two years. Those aged 25 to 34 are most likely to be involved, with 37 percent thought to run a sideline of some kind. It calcul
4、ates that the average side hustler makes about 20 percent of their income through their second job. But whats interesting is that many millennials (千禧一代)are turning their hand to new jobs not just for money and security. Research has found that almost three-quarters of people are following a passion
5、 or exploring a new challenge. Becci Mai Ford, who works some of the time for a telecommunications company to pay the bills, spends the rest of her time developing her craft company. She says going full-time is “not financially worth it right now but it fuels my creative soul and makes me happy”. Of
6、 course having a side hustle means you are self-employed, which can give you flexibility to work when you like, but it can be risky. You sometime work on a zero-hours contract and may not get offered enough work. Or what was originally your passion may become more of a chore. However, this could be
7、the best way to try out a new career or follow a passion while not giving up the day job. 【文章大意】本文讲述了人们选择副业的原因以及年轻人选择副业的新原因, 但同时副业也存在一定风险。1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the reason for people to take on a side hustle? A. To make money. B. To obtain job satisfaction. C. To
8、have the flexibility to work. D. To enjoy a risky lifestyle. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段 But it can bring benefits too, such as a regular salary. 我们可以通过副业挣钱; 最后一段which can give you flexibility to work副业可以给你工作的灵活性; 根据倒数第二段not just for money and security和exploring a new challenge千禧一代选择副业不仅是为了钱和安全他们想要探索新的挑战。可知,
9、 人们从事副业的原因不包括获得工作满意度, 结合选项, 故选B。2. The author explains the study from Henley Business School by _. A. describing the processB. making a comparisonC. presenting research findingsD. analyzing the cause and effect【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段According to Henley Business School, around one in four workers run at l
10、east one side hustle business, half of which were started in the past two years可知, 作者直接陈述了这个研究的结果, 因此作者是通过呈现研究发现来解释亨利商学院的研究情况。故选C。3. What is the authors attitude towards having a second job? A. Critical. B. Indifferent. C. Neutral. D. Favorable. 【解析】选C。观点态度题。根据最后一段Of course having a side hustle. . .
11、 but it can be risky. 作者认为虽然副业可以给我们工作的灵活性, 但是这是有风险的。因此作者既说明了副业的优势又说明了副业的劣势, 因此态度是中立的。故选C。BTwenty-one years ago, my husband gave me Sam, an eight-week-old schnauzer(雪纳瑞犬), to help me ease the loss of our daughter. Sam and I developed a very special bond over the next years. At one point, my husband a
12、nd I decided to move to a new home in New Jersey. Our neighbor, whose cat had recently had kittens, asked if we would like one. We were a little apprehensive about Sams jealousy and how he would handle his turf(地盘) being invaded, but we decided to risk it. We picked a little, gray, playful ball of F
13、ur. She raced around chasing imaginary mice and squirrels and jumped from table to chair in the blink of an eye, so we named her Lightning. At first, Sam and Lightning were very cautious with each other and kept their distance. But slowly, Lightning started following Samup the stairs, down the stair
14、s, into the kitchen. Later, when they slept, it was always together; when they ate, it was always next to each other. When I took either one out, the other was always waiting by the door when we returned. That was the way it was for years. Then, without any warning, Sam was diagnosed as having a wea
15、k heart. I had no other choice but to have him put down. The pain was nothing compared with what I experienced when I had to walk into our house alone. This time, there was no Sam for Lightning to greet and no way to explain why she would never see her friend again. In the following days, Lightning
16、seemed heart-broken. I could see the disappointment in her eyes whenever anyone opened the front door, or the hope whenever she heard a dog bark. One day as I walked into our living room, I happened to see Lightning was lying next to the sculptured replica(复制品) of Sam that we had bought a few years
17、ago, one arm wrapped around the statues neck, contentedly sleeping with her best friend. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 主要讲述了一只猫和一只宠物狗之间的友谊。当宠物狗死了之后, 猫很伤心, 当发现宠物狗的雕像时, 它很开心地睡在了它“朋友”的身边。4. What does the underlined word “apprehensive” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Shocked. B. Curious. C. Worried. D. Eager. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据
18、第二段中的“. . . Sams jealousy and how he would handle his turf being invaded, but we decided to risk it. ”可知, 作者害怕领养一只猫会对宠物狗造成不好的影响。故选C。5. How did Sam get along with Lightning at first? A. Lightning followed Sam everywhere it went. B. They fought with each other fiercely. C. They kept a certain distance
19、 from each other. D. Sam was unfriendly to Lightning. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“At first, Sam and Lightning were very cautious with each other and kept their distance. ”可知, 起初Sam 和Lightning都对对方很谨慎, 保持一定距离。故选C。6. What can we infer from the text? A. Lightning knew Sam had died. B. Sam means a lot to Lightn
20、ing. C. We took Lightning home to accompany Sam. D. Sam came back to stay with Lightning again. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段的介绍可知, 作者一天进屋时发现Lightning躺在Sam的复制品的旁边, 一个爪子搭在雕像的脖子上, 和她的好朋友心满意足地入睡了, 由此可推知, Sam对于Lightning来说很重要。故选B。7. What can be the best title of the text? A. The Friendship Between Sam and Lightnin
21、gB. The Coming of Sam and LightningC. The Death of Sam to LightningD. The Importance of Sam to Us【解析】选A。标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了一只猫和一只宠物狗之间的友谊, 当宠物狗死了之后, 猫很伤心, 当发现宠物狗的雕像时, 它很开心地睡在其“朋友”的身边。故选A。CAlmost every day we come across situations in which we have to make decisions one way or another. Choice, we are given
22、 to believe, is a right. But for a good many people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard to get, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, a false idea created by
23、 companies and advertisers, hoping to sell their products. The endless choices give birth to anxiety in peoples lives. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shoppe
24、r giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted. Recent studies in England have shown that many electrical goods bought in almost every family are not really needed. More difficult decision-making is then either avoided or trusted into the hands of the profe
25、ssionals, lifestyle instructors, or advisors. It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed with which new types of products come on the market. Advances in design and production help quicken the process. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the publi
26、c can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The typical example is computers, which are almost out-of-date once they are bought. This indeed makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety. 【文章大意】本文主要分析了
27、在面临购物选择时, 人们需要做出艰难的决定。8. What does the author try to argue in Paragraph 1? A. The practice of choice is difficult. B. The right of choice is given but at a price. C. Choice and right exist at the same time. D. The exercise of rights is a luxury. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段“But for a good many people in the w
28、orld, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard to get, not a right. ”可知, 选择的实践过程是很难的。故选A。9. Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety? A. People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion. B. Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broa
29、d range of items. C. Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice. D. Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段“Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper givin
30、g up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted. ”可知, 更多选择商品的机会增加了焦虑是因为购物者可能会发现自己在各种各样的商品中迷失了。故选B。10. By using computers as an example, the author wants to prove that _. A. products of the latest design flood the marketB. competitions are fierce in high-tech indust
31、ryC. everyday goods need to be replaced oftenD. advanced products meet the needs of people【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Advances in design and production help quicken the process. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The typical
32、 example is computers, which are almost out-of-date once they are bought. ”可知, 日益更新的产品源源不断地涌入市场, 尤其电脑产品更是如此。故选A。. 阅读填句Cold Weather Is Good for YouWith winter approaching, people begin to complain about cold weather. 1 Theres plenty to love about cold weather. And theres plenty of evidence that coole
33、r temperatures can be part of a healthy life. First, cooler temperatures can help you lose weight. It can also help you sleep better. You might feel uncomfortable at first if you cool your bedroom down. But if you, for example, switch your bedroom temperature from 72 down to 62 degrees gradually ove
34、r a few weeks, your body will adjust. 2I have long kept my winter house temperature at 62 degrees. How did I find that number? Well, I experimented on myself about eight years ago. 3 I started at 66 and turned it down one degree every few days until 60. I found when the temperature was colder than 6
35、2, I couldnt focus. But 62 was perfect. Another benefit for me was that it also kept me clear-headed while working at home. Interestingly, science also says 62 degrees is the magic number for brainwork.4 It said 62 degrees was the temperature at which the schoolboy subjects of the study functioned p
36、erfect. And while were speaking of work and school, other research shows that people study better when the weather outside is “bad”. 5 But according to a Harvard Health Letter from 2010, proper cold temperatures could be good for skin because it trains blood vessels in the skin to be responsive. So,
37、 rosy cheeks! Theres no reason to be afraid of winter weather. Hug it and you, too, can enjoy the season. A. I recently read a 1972 study. B. And youll save money on energy costs as well. C. Many people like to use cold water to wash their face. D. At that time, I worked at home and liked warm tempe
38、rature. E. Most of us think cold weather leads to dry skin and wrinkling. F. The reason was that I hated spending money on heating bills. G. But if youre active and healthy, it doesnt have to be a negative thing. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者从自身经验出发论证了低温对身体健康的好处, 比如: 低温可以帮助你减肥, 它也能帮助你睡得更好。且这一论点已经得到了科学的论证。1. 【解析
39、】选G。根据下文“Theres plenty to love about cold weather. ”可推测, 上文是提出寒冷的天气也未必是一件坏事, 故选G。2. 【解析】选B。上文是举例说明低温对身体的好处, 空处应是对这一行为的继续说明, 故B项“低温也可以节省能源成本”切题。3. 【解析】选F。根据语境可知, 空处是作者描述自己这么做的原因, 故F项“原因是我讨厌把钱花在取暖费上”切题。4. 【解析】选A。上文说科学研究证明62度是脑力劳动的神奇数字, 故可知下文要提到科学方面的研究, 空后的It said中的It指代A项中的1972 study, 故选A。5. 【解析】选E。But为转折连词, 即前后文意思相反, 故前文应为人们对低温的误解, 故E项“我们大多数人认为寒冷的天气会导致皮肤干燥和皱纹”切题。
