1、Module 5Cloning(主题语境：人与社会科学与技术)基础知识全面回顾 JI CHU ZHI SHI QUAN MIAN HUI GU 单词分类巧记阅读词汇认读1fundamental adj. _基本的；不可或缺的；重要的 2procedure n. _程序 3valid adj. _有确实根据的；有效的 4optional adj. _可选择的 5contradictory adj. _互相矛盾的；相反的；对立的 6emotion n. _感情；情绪 7sample n. _样本 核心词汇识记1 _contrast v. 对照2 _rush v. 冲；猛冲3 _cure v. 治愈
2、4 _incredible adj. 难以置信的5 _virtue n. 道德上的优点；善行6 _flexible adj. 易适应的7 _suspect n. 嫌疑人8 _resist v. 抵抗9 _absorb v. 吸收10 _arise v. (问题、困难等)发生；出现11 _terrify v. 使惊恐；使惊吓 _terrified adj. 恐惧的 _terrifying adj. 令人恐惧的12 _disgust v. 使觉得恶心；使厌烦 _disgusting adj. 令人厌烦的 _disgusted adj. 恶心的13 _fear n. 害怕 _fearful adj.
3、 可怕的 _fearless adj. 无畏的 _fearlessness n. 无畏14 _beneficial adj. 有益的；有用的 _benefit n. & v. 好处；有益15 _accompany v. 陪伴；陪同 _company n. 陪伴16 _violence n. 暴力 _violent adj. 暴力的；猛烈的用所给词的适当形式填空1It is known to all that sunshine is _beneficial to plants and it also _benefits our health. (benefit)2On seeing the _t
4、errifying scene，the boy let out a _terrified voice. (terrify)3The monster is really _disgusting . The moment it appears on the screen，the audience feel _disgusted . (disgust)4Many online games today are full of _violence ，which may lead to _violent fights among the players. (violent) 短语互译速记1(火)燃尽；烧完
5、自灭 _burn out 2与形成对照 _contrast with 3一再；屡次 _again and again 4错误地 _by mistake 5把当成 _treat as 6依靠；依赖 _rely on/depend on 7如下 _as follows 8据我们所知 _as far as we know 9throw oneself on _扑倒在上 10make a sound _发出声音 11a sequence of _一系列的 12(be) identical to _和一样；与一致 13knock out _摧毁 14get out of control _摆脱控制 15
6、break down _分解 16vice versa _反过来也一样；反之亦然 17bring back to life _使复活 选用上述短语填空1The pills which contain this kind of chemical can _break down_ the fat in the body. 2After a days tiring teaching，I like to _throw myself on_ the couch with a good book. 3The speech you gave this year _was identical to_ the
7、one you gave at the conference last year. 4I thought over the incident，asking myself _again and again_ how it could have happened. 5 _As far as we know ，traveling in space has been made possible with the development of science and technology. 6Nobody else dared to save the little child in the house
8、because the fire _got out of control ，but I went in. 1“美德”相关词汇一览(1)virtue n. 美德(2)faith n. 忠诚(3)justice n. 正义(4)bravery n. 英勇(5)diligence n. 勤奋2suspect形近词大丰收(1)inspect v. 视察；检查(2)respect v. & n. 尊敬；尊重(3)aspect n. 方面3变“-t”为“-ce”成名词的词全扫描(1)importantimportance(2)patientpatience(3)elegantelegance(4)diff
9、erentdifference(5)confidentconfidence(6)distantdistance(7)diligentdiligence4“v. out”短语面面观(1)burn out(火)燃尽；烧毁(2)knock out摧毁；击倒(3)work out算出；进展(4)hand out分发；发放(5)look out当心；小心(6)run out用完；用尽5throw短语小结(1)throw oneself on扑倒在上(2)throw light on阐明(3)throw away扔掉；抛弃(4)throw out扔掉；抛掉(5)throw up呕吐 佳句精析精练1Whil
10、e studying at university, he discovers the secret of how to create life. 还在上大学时，他就发现了怎样创造生命的秘密。精析“while分词”作状语，表示时间。2“I wish I had not created this creature, I wish I were on the other side of the world，I wish I could disappear！”“但愿我没有制造出那个家伙，但愿我身处世界的另一端，但愿我能消失得无影无踪！”精析wish后接宾语从句，常用虚拟语气。3It was on a
11、cold November night that I saw my creation for the first time. 我是在11月一个寒冷的晚上首次看到我的作品的。精析“It is/was被强调部分that/who”的强调句型。句式仿写根据上述句式完成句子1玩电脑游戏时，许多学生可以全身心投入。_While playing computer games ，many students can focus on themselves. 2所有的参赛选手都希望他们自己是获胜者。All the competitors wish that they _would be the winner .
12、3是钱让两兄弟变成了仇家。_It was the money that made the two brothers become enemies. 单元语法过关虚拟语气()语法填空1If we _had booked (book) a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue. 解析句意：如果我们早点儿预订一张桌子，我们就不用站在这儿排队了。if条件句描述的情况与过去事实相反，所以用过去完成时。2Do you think George has passed the driving test?No. If so, he _woul
13、d have driven (drive) his car to our college yesterday. 解析句意：你认为乔治通过驾照测试了吗？没有。如果通过了的话，昨天他就开车来我们大学了。根据yesterday可知是表示与过去事实相反的情况。3If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he _would be (be) able to speak it much better now. 解析句意：如果他以前花更多时间练习讲英语的话，他现在就能够讲得更好一些。这是一个混合型虚拟语气结构，从句是对过去情况的
14、虚拟，用过去完成时表示，主句是对现在情况的虚拟，用“would动词原形”表示。4Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _(should) be (be) at the age of six months old. 解析此处是recommend“推荐；建议”，后面接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气形式，即谓语动词要用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。5Im sorry. I _shouldnt have shouted at you the other day. Forget it. I was a bit out of
15、control myself. 解析句意：对不起，我前几天本不应该对你大声嚷的。算了。我自己那时有点儿失控。shouldnt have shouted at you 本来不该对你大嚷的，符合句意。考点探究素养演练 KAO DIAN TAN JIU SU YANG YAN LIAN高频单词1contrast v. 对照；使与对比；n. 对比；对照 激活知识 语法填空Most people work because its unavoidable. _By contrast，there are some people who actually enjoy work. He looks health
16、ier _in contrast to his former self. The snow was icy and white， _contrasting (contrast)with the brilliant blue sky. 归纳拓展 (1)contrast and/with 把和进行对比contrast with 和形成对照(2)make a contrast with 和形成对照in contrast with/to 和形成对照by contrast 相比之下 能力提升 完成句子It is interesting to _contrast his proposal _with/an
17、d hers. 将他和她的建议作对照是很有趣的。She almost failed the exam，but her sister， _by contrast ，did very well. 她考试差点不及格，而相比之下她的妹妹考得很好。2beneficial adj. 有益处的；有帮助的 激活知识 语法填空(2020江苏高考)For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more _beneficial (benefit) for health than eating first. (2019江苏高考)It
18、 was beneficial _to his health. China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals _for the benefit of all its citizens. It is said that Yoga is _of great benefit to human health. Many thousands have benefited _from the new treatment. 归纳拓展 (1)be beneficial to对有利/益处(2)benefit v. 有利于；对有益n. 益处；好处ben
19、efit from/by从中获益；得益于for the benefit of sb. for ones benefit为了某人的利益be of benefit to对有益处 能力提升 一句多译如果你经常患感冒，适当地进行体育锻炼对你很有益。 _It will be beneficial to you to have proper sports if you often catch a cold. _It will be of benefit to you to have proper sports if you often catch a cold. Having proper sports
20、will _benefit you if you often catch a cold. _You will benefit from having proper sports if you often catch a cold. 3cure v. 治愈；治疗；改正 n. 治愈；治疗；治疗法 激活知识 语法填空(2020江苏高考)The daily number of newly _cured (cure) and discharged patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed cases. Chinese scientists are abs
21、orbed in further research to find a cure _for cancer. The doctors believe they have cured him _of the disease. 归纳拓展 cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的疾病；矫正某人的不良行为beyond cure 不可救药a cure for 疾病的治疗方法 易混辨析 cure指“治愈、治好”疾病，消除痛苦，除掉恶习、弊端、嗜好等，侧重结果。常用于cure sb. of sth. 结构中treat通常强调过程，指对病人进行诊断和治疗，但不含治好的意思。一般用于treat sb. for
22、 sth. 结构中一言辨析The doctor treated his headache with a new drug but didnt cure him. 那位医生用新药治疗他的头痛但是没有治愈。 能力提升 完成句子There is still no _cure for the common cold. 目前仍然没有治愈感冒的良药。She tried every means to _cure her child _of the bad habit. 她想尽一切办法试图改掉她孩子的这一恶习。It was a disease far _beyond cure . 这种病已是不可救药了。4re
23、sist v. 抗拒；对抗；反抗 激活知识 语法填空The boy couldnt resist _showing (show)off his being praised by the teacher on arriving home. Among them are special windows that are _resistant (resist) to dirt and water. (2017北京高考)The _resistance (resist) to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real bu
24、t very small risk. 归纳拓展 (1)resist doing sth. 反对做某事resist the temptation 经得起诱惑cant resist doing sth. 禁不住做某事resist disease/infection/arrest 抵抗疾病/感染/拒捕(2)resistant adj. 对有抵抗力的；抵制的；反抗的be resistant to 对有抵抗力(3)resistance n. 抗拒；反对；阻力(常用作不可数名词) 能力提升 句型转换When staying with them，he couldnt help playing a joke
25、on them. When staying with them，he couldnt _be resistant to playing a joke on them. When staying with them，he couldnt _resist playing a joke on them. 5absorb v. 吸收(液体、光、热能等)；理解；使专心 激活知识 观察句子，写出下面黑体部分的含义(2020新全国卷)In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speakers message. ( _理解 )(2019全国卷
26、)It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days worth of Vitamin D. ( _吸收 )(2018全国卷)We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. ( _专心于 ) 归纳拓展 (1)absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意力(2)absorbed adj. 精力集中的be absorbed in 专
27、心致志于be absorbed into 被吸收(纳入)提示：be absorbed in(doing) sth. 结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in 。类似的结构还有：be lost in 陷入；专心致志于be caught in 被困在be buried in 埋头于be devoted to 致力于；专心于be occupied in/with 忙于be involved in . 专注于 能力提升 语法填空(2019全国卷)These kids are so absorbed _in their studies that I just sit back.
28、 _Absorbed (absorb)in writing a letter，he didnt even look up when I came in. 6arise v. (问题、困难等)发生；出现 激活知识 单句改错A number of high buildings have been arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. ( _去掉been )The number of road accident deaths arise from those accidents has increased over the past
29、 year. ( _arise改为arising ) 归纳拓展 arise out of/from sth. 因某事物而产生/引起arise from 从起身Many problems can arise from/out of the lack of communication. 许多问题由于缺乏交流而产生。 易混辨析 arise(arose, arisen)vi. 发生；出现；起床/身；arise from/out of 源于；由引起/产生rise(rose，risen)vi. & n. 上升；站起来；give rise to引起raise(raised，raised)vt. (1)“举起
30、”，raise ones hand；(2)“提出”，raise a question；(3)“抚养”，相当于bring up, raise children；(4)“筹集”，raise moneyarouse(aroused，aroused)vt. (1)“唤起”，arouse ones interest/sympathy；(2)“唤醒，鼓励”；arouse sb. 能力提升 选词填空(arise/rise/raise/arouse)(2020全国卷)Official reports suggest that the number of households with three genera
31、tions living together had _risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013 (2019全国卷)While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can _arise . Can you _raise the torch so I can see?His remark not only broke the ice，but _aroused everyones interest. 常考短语7break down
32、分解；垮掉；出故障 激活知识 观察句子，写出下面黑体部分的含义He passed through a difficult period shortly after his marriage broke down. ( _破裂 )The car broke down halfway to the camp. ( _出故障 )Her health broke down under the pressure of work. ( _垮掉 )She nearly broke down when she heard the news that her father died. ( _崩溃 )(2018北
33、京高考) Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. ( _分解 ) 归纳拓展 break up 打碎；解散；结束break out (战争等)爆发break through 突破；取得突破break away from 脱离；挣脱break in 打断；闯入break into 强行闯入；突然开始(大笑等) 巧学助记 图解break down 能力提升 介副词填空As is known to u
34、s，plastic bags are difficult to break _down . The printing machines are always breaking _down ，which annoys him a lot. The room is in a mess. It must have been broken _into . A fire broke _out during the night，which caused a lot of damage. 必备句型8I wish I had not created this creature, I wish I were o
35、n the other side of the world, I wish I could disappear!但愿我没有制造出这个家伙，但愿我身处世界的另一端，但愿我能消失得无影无踪！ 激活知识 句式仿写How I _wish we students _didnt have so much homework!我多么希望我们学生没有这么多作业呀！I _wish I _had gone to the cinema with him yesterday. 我希望我昨天与他一起看电影了。I _wish everything _would have a good end. 我希望一切都有个好的结局。归
36、纳总结wish后面接一个宾语从句时，常表示一种假想的情况，一般要用虚拟语气。其后宾语从句中谓语动词可分为下面三种情况：词语从句谓语动词含义wish一般过去时希望假想的情况与主语的愿望同时发生。过去完成时希望假想的情况发生在主语的愿望之前。would/could动词原形希望假想的情况发生在将来。 能力提升 语法填空I wish I _had seen (see) you when I was badly in need of your help. I wish I _knew (know) what is going to happen. I wish I _could fly (fly) li
37、ke a bird. 课堂达标巩固提升 KE TANG DA BIAO GONG GU TI SHENG单句语法填空1If they refuse _to make (make) heart-felt apologies，we will have to bring an action against them. 2All of a sudden，the thief walking behind a young and pretty lady seized her purse， _rushing (rush) into the crowd. 3Although a sudden change c
38、an be a bad thing，it might often be _beneficial (benefit) in the long run. 4Scientists are still wondering how it is _that the Egyptians built the pyramids so long ago. 5She is overweight，but she still cant resist _eating (eat) more delicious food. 6 _Accompanied (accompany) by the leader，they visit
39、ed the hospital. 7So absorbed was he _in our talk that my brother took a wrong turn on the way to the airport. 8After the earthquake，the villagers tried their best to bring the village back _to life. 9We all suspected him _of stealing the money, but he insisted that he was innocent. 10In modern soci
40、ety, there are an increasing number of problems _arising (arise) from the lack of communication. 单句改错1The bus that got out of the control rushed into a river. _去掉第二个the 2Absorbing in her book，she didnt hear the noise. _AbsorbingAbsorbed 3The mother wishes to cure her kids the bad habits. _kids后面加of
41、4How I wish I am a great scientist now!_amwere 5Many terrible problems have been arisen out of corruption up to now. _去掉been 6Why is the article you have written identical with mine?_withto 7The student is thought to have taken the pen of his deskmate by a mistake. _去掉a 8If you are treated as a king
42、 in the hotel，would you live there forever?_arewere 教材衔接高考根据课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。In 1816，a nineteen-year-old Englishwoman wrote a novel called Frankenstein. Frankenstein is the name 1. _of a young scientist from Geneva，in Switzerland. While 2. _studying (study) at university，he discover
43、s the secret of 3. _how to create life. Then he creates a creature that resembles a human being. But the creature is the 4. _ugliest (ugly) thing the scientist has ever seen so that it terrifies anyone who sees it. In fact，Frankenstein has tried to make him beautiful. 5. _Seeing (see) the ugly monst
44、er，Frankenstein wishes he had not created this creature and wishes he could disappear. He hides in the garden，terrified by 6. _what he has done. The monster becomes lonely 7. _and unhappy，so when Frankenstein refuses to create 8. _a wife for him，he murders Frankensteins brother，best friend and wife.
45、 At the end of the story，Frankenstein decides to chase and destroy 9. _him (he). Finally，the monster disappears into the ice of the Arctic 10. _to end (end) his life. 话题延伸写作写作素材(关于克隆)1现在许多国家研究克隆。2人们对克隆的看法不一致。3许多人担心克隆会对社会带来坏的影响，认为它应该被禁止。4实际上许多国家从事克隆研究并且已经取得了重大的突破，所以我们无法抗拒它。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用定语从句。连
46、句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)_ 参考范文_Nowadays many countries do research on cloning. Peoples ideas of cloning differ. Many people fear the bad effects cloning could have on our society and think it should be forbidden. Actually many countries undertake the research on cloning and have obtained great breakthrough, and therefore we are unable to resist it.
